Oral Exercise Research Articles

Impact of frenectomy on the oral exercise in patients with ankyloglossia and obstructive sleep apnea: double-blind randomized controlled clinical trials.

This study compares the efficacy of oral exercise alone to oral exercise with frenectomy in improving obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) symptoms and quality of life (QOL) in patients with ankyloglossia. A prospective, controlled, double-blind clinical study enrolled fifteen adults (20-60 years) newly diagnosed with mild to moderate OSA and ankyloglossia. Participants were randomly assigned to either oral exercise alone (control group; n = 8) or oral exercise with frenectomy (intervention group; n = 7). Outcomes were assessed after a 3-month therapy period using polysomnography, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), tongue strength (measured in kPa), and QOL questionnaires. Both control (-2.88 ± 1.73; p = 0.02) and intervention (-4.00 ± 3.65; p = 0.03) groups showed a significant reduction in ESS scores, indicating both improved sleepiness. Although the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) increased in both groups after treatment, these changes were not statistically significant (control 4.73 ± 15.55; p = 0.48, intervention 10.42 ± 14.66; p = 0.12). Tongue strength significantly increased in both groups: control group (p = 0.04) and intervention group (p = 0.03). Satisfaction rates with the overall treatment process were 100% in the control group and 57.1% in the intervention group. Furthermore, 75.0% and 57.1% of participants in the respective groups reported an improvement in QOL. Frenectomy improved tongue mobility and the ability to perform oral exercises in individuals with OSA and ankyloglossia. However, these exercises did not significantly improve OSA-related symptoms or QOL. While frenectomy enhances tongue mobility, thereby enabling better engagement in oral exercises. These exercises alone did not significantly improve OSA-related symptoms or QOL. This suggests that oral exercises focusing solely on tongue mobility may not be sufficient for managing OSA. The Thai Clinical Trials Registry was TCTR20220429002.

Effects of various oral exercises on swallowing function in the elderly: A systematic review

Oral exercises as a rehabilitation strategy can be performed by the elderly at any time and place without any complications or financial burden. Therefore, an oral exercise that is easy to perform and follow in daily life, can effectively improve the oral health of the elderly. This systematic review was conducted to investigate the effect of oral exercises on swallowing function in the elderly. A comprehensive systematic search was conducted on international electronic databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, as well as on Iranian electronic databases such as Iranmedex, and Scientific Information Database from the earliest to April 1, 2023. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist was used to assess the quality of randomized control trials and quasi-experimental studies. A total of 728 elderly people participated in fourteen studies. Based on the results of the present systematic review, ten interventions including “lingual resistance exercise with Iowa oral performance instrument”, “exercise for swallowing”, “oral exercise”, “expiratory muscle strength training”, “swallow resistance exercise”, “swallowing exercises”, “oral neuromuscular training”, “simple oral exercise (SOE)”, “tongue strengthening exercise”, “SOE and chewing gum exercise with SOE” improved swallowing function in the elderly. However, the other four interventions including “swallowing exercises”, “resistance training”, “effortful swallowing exercise”, and “oral exercises” did not affect improving swallowing function in the elderly. Health managers and policymakers can improve the swallowing performance of the elderly by implementing training protocols related to oral exercise in addition to routine interventions.

Validation of the conceptual framework and intervention scope of oral function rehabilitation exercise.

This study used a Delphi survey to define the concept of oral function rehabilitation exercise (OFRE) based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) and to categorise intervention domains for community-dwelling older adults. While numerous studies have been conducted to improve oral function through exercise interventions, the conceptual definition of oral exercise remains unclear and there is a lack of systematic categorisation of oral exercise intervention domains. A preliminary model was developed based on the key findings of 19 papers selected from a prior systematic review. Its validity was confirmed through a Delphi survey conducted twice with eight expert panellists. Consensus was achieved by evaluating the validity of the OFRE conceptual framework, the accuracy of OFRE conceptual definitions, and intervention domains. Through expert consensus, an ICF-based OFRE conceptual framework was developed that includes 21 factors that affect the oral health status of the older adults. The OFRE intervention domain for improving the health status consisted of oral function rehabilitation warm-up exercise, masticatory function exercise, swallowing function exercise, articulatory function exercise, salivary function exercise, and oral function rehabilitation cool-down exercise, and 11 specific intervention methods were derived. The OFRE intervention can be used for planning and applying successful interventions to improve oral function and life function of older adults.

Effects of Oral Exercise Towards Salivary Flow Rate In Elderly: An Interventional Study

Elderly population is increasing globally. The percentage of elderly people in Indonesia reached 9.60 percent. The Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY) has the highest number of elderly people, which is 14.02. One of the oral health problems of elderly is dry mouth. Saliva is an important aspect needed to maintain oral health. Reduced saliva can cause various diseases. Simple and effective interventions are needed to improve salivary conditions in the elderly, namely oral health promotion by doing oral exercises which considered to maintain and improve oral function which is an important factor of quality of life. This research to determine the effect of a health promotion program with an intervention of oral exercise on salivary flow rate in the elderly at nine PKU Muhammadiyah and Aisyiyah clinics with audiovisual media accompanied by leaflet media. This study was conducted at PKU Muhammadiyah and Aisyiyah Pratama clinics in Yogyakarta. There are Berbah, Pakem, Firdaus, Cangkringan, Moyudan, Srandakan, Bambanglipuro, Wates and Sewugalur with 198 prolanis participants with total sampling. The research design is a quasi experimental nonequivalent control group design, with an intervention group and a control group, both groups are given before and after the intervention, , using Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Mann Whitney U test analysis. Oral exercise intervention with audiovisual media and leaflet can increase salivary flow rates in the elderly

Study on the Effect of Early Oral Motor Intervention in Preterm Infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Objective: To study the effective value of introducing the concept of early oral exercise in the process of nursing intervention for preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods: 96 cases of preterm infants diagnosed from January 2022 to August 2022 were selected and randomly divided into two groups: the general practice group (general nursing intervention), and the early practice group (early oral exercise intervention), and the effect of intervention on preterm infants in the two groups was observed. Results: After nursing care, the mean value of the non-nutritive sucking ability assessment (76.54 ± 5.82), the mean value of the intellectual development degree assessment (104.57 ± 8.45), the mean value of the psychomotor development degree assessment (102.33 ± 6.74), and the mean value of behavioral neural reflexes ability assessment (38.71 ± 2.40) in the early practice group were better than that as compared to the general practice group (P < 0.05); the mean value of oral feeding start time of preterm infants in the early practice group (35.42 ± 7.63) weeks, the mean value of all oral feeding time (34.12 ± 5.28) weeks, and the mean time of hospital intervention (15.33 ± 4.25) days were lesser than compared to those of the general practice group at 37.4 ± 5.82 weeks, 37.46 ± 3.55 weeks, and 20.46 ± 2.91 days, respectively (P < 0.05); the rate of adverse reactions in preterm infants in the early practice group significantly lower than that of the general practice group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The introduction of the concept of early oral exercise intervention among NICU nurses improved the feeding effect, sucking ability of preterm infants, and intellectual development. Hence, early oral motor care should be popularized.

Effectiveness of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulations Oral Exercise in Hypo Salivation Among Type II Diabetic Patients Over Submandibular Glands

This study was conducted to improve the patient's oral function, especially dry mouth (xerostomia) and infection. The aim of this study is to analyse the effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation vs. oral exercise in reducing hypo salivation among type II diabetic patients over the submandibular glands. The secretion of saliva is critical for oral health, digestion, prevention of infections, and the healing process. Hypo salivation is defined as a decrease in saliva in the mouth. It is the most common type II diabetic problem among adults and older people. It is estimated to occur in 10 of every 35 adults. Because of hypo salivation, Type II diabetic adults may experience infection, cavities, soreness, ulcers, a decrease in taste sensation, and difficulty in water balance. Hypo salivation leads to many complications that make the condition of the diabetic patient even worse. Hence, there is a wide need for treatment techniques to be searched for, and they must be applicable to all communities. There are various therapies to improve the salivary rate, but there is a need to analyse the technique that gives better outcomes with a short intervention with easy accessibility. The materials and method of this study follow a simple method and are evidenced with a noninvasive diagnostic tool. Saliometry by the low-spitting method was used to measure the salivary flow rate. The methodology was a comparative study design with a pre-post-test. Samples were selected from 40 volunteers based on inclusion criteria. Group A: Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation, 8 sessions, 20 minutes each, twice a week for 4 weeks. Group B: Oral exercise, 16 sessions, 2 minutes each, in 3 sets for 4 weeks. At the end of 30 days of sessions, the salivary flow rate has increased from 0.36 to 1.03 ml/min and the SD from 0.12 to 0.91 for Group A, and from 0.34 to 0.56 ml/min and the SD from 0.2 to 0.4. The result concludes that both groups showed improvement, while group A, which received transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, was comparatively better than group B, which received oral exercise

Effect of Voice and Articulation Parameters of a Home-Based Serious Game for Speech Therapy in Children With Articulation Disorder: Prospective Single-Arm Clinical Trial.

Articulation disorder decreases the clarity of language and causes a decrease in children's learning and social ability. The demand for non-face-to-face treatment is increasing owing to the limited number of therapists and geographical or economic constraints. Non-face-to-face speech therapy programs using serious games have been proposed as an alternative. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of home therapy on logopedic and phoniatric abilities in children with articulation disorder using the Smart Speech game interface. This study is a prospective single-arm clinical trial. Children with articulation disorders, whose Urimal Test of Articulation and Phonology (U-TAP) was -2 SDs or less and the Receptive and Expressive Vocabulary Test score was -1 SD or more, were enrolled. A preliminary evaluation (E0) was conducted to check whether the children had articulation disorders, and for the next 4 weeks, they lived their usual lifestyle without other treatments. Prior to the beginning of the training, a pre-evaluation (E1) was performed, and the children trained at home for ≥30 minutes per day, ≥5 times a week, over 4 weeks (a total of 20 sessions). The Smart Speech program comprised oral exercise training, breathing training, and speech training; the difficulty and type of the training were configured differently according to the participants' articulation error, exercise, and vocal ability. After the training, postevaluation (E2) was performed using the same method. Finally, 8 weeks later, postevaluation (E3) was performed as a follow-up. A voice evaluation included parameters such as maximum phonation time (MPT), fundamental frequency (F0), jitter, peak air pressure (relative average perturbation), pitch, intensity, and voice onset time. Articulation parameters included a percentage of correct consonants (PCC; U-TAP word-unit PCC, U-TAP sentence-unit PCC, and three-position articulation test) and alternate motion evaluation (diadochokinesis, DDK). Data obtained during each evaluation (E1-E2-E3) were compared. A total of 13 children with articulation disorders aged 4-10 years were enrolled in the study. In voice parameters, MPT, jitter, and pitch showed significant changes in repeated-measures ANOVA. However, only MPT showed significant changes during E1-E2 (P=.007) and E1-E3 (P=.004) in post hoc tests. Other voice parameters did not show significant changes. In articulation parameters, U-TAP, three-position articulation test (TA), and DDK showed significant changes in repeated-measures ANOVA. In post hoc tests, U-TAP (word, sentence) and TA showed significant changes during E1-E2 (P=.003, .04, and .01) and E1-E3 (P=.001, .03, and .003), and DDK showed significant changes during E1-E2 only (P=.03). Home-based serious games can be considered an alternative treatment method to improve language function. Clinical Research Information Service KCT0006448; https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/detailSearch.do/20119.

Therapeutic effect of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 on feeding intolerance in preterm infants

IntroductionPreterm infants have an immature gastrointestinal tract with an incomplete establishment of intestinal flora; therefore, they are highly prone to feeding intolerance.To observe the therapeutic effect of specific probiotics (Lactobacillus Reuteri DSM 17938) on feeding intolerance in preterm infants.Material and methodsFifty-six preterm infants delivered between January 2016 and May 2022 were enrolled in this retrospective study. We analysed the clinical data of these children and followed up their treatment outcomes by telephone for 3 to 6 months after discharge. The treatment schemes were scheme A (n = 28), which included adjusted feeding (micro-feeding and intermittent feeding) and oral exercise intervention, and scheme B (n = 28), in which specific probiotics (L. reuteri DSM 17938) were given on the basis of scheme A.ResultsAmong the 56 children were 31 males and 25 females. In scheme B, the duration of switching from intravenous nutrition to full enteral feeding at a gestational age of >28 weeks and a birth weight of ≤1,500 g was significantly different from that in scheme A (P < 0.05). The duration of vomiting at a gestational age of >28 weeks was also statistically significant compared with that of scheme A. There were statistically significant differences in the treatment effect of feeding intolerance in the preterm infants.ConclusionsLactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 combined with the routine treatment of premature infants with feeding intolerance has a better effect. Returning to normal feeding as soon as possible can reduce the incidence of gastrointestinal complications and promote growth in preterm infants.

Types and effects of oral exercise on oral function in the elderly: A scoping review of interventional studies

Types and effects of oral exercise on oral function in the elderly: A scoping review of interventional studies

Determining Ecuadorian Undergraduate English Polytechnic Students’ Speaking Anxiety While Making Presentations in Virtual Environments During COVID-19

Using oral presentations in foreign language classrooms is a widespread practice. This form of oral exercise entails generating speaking anxiety in students. This paper aimed to identify the anxiety levels experienced when learners do in-class presentations. A mixed-methods design was adopted. The Public Speaking Class Anxiety Scale (PSCAS) was utilized for the quantitative phase. Eight open-ended questions were used for the qualitative phase. One hundred thirty-two students of English registered at a public polytechnic university in Ecuador took part in the quantitative phase of the study. Twelve of them took part in the interviews. The data were analyzed using Factor Analysis which related three sources of anxiety “Communication apprehension,” “Apprehension to peer’s reactions,” and “Apprehension during the presentations.” The majority of participants were found to experience high levels of anxiety. Several implications stem from this study. Raising awareness of speaking anxiety among language department administrators and teachers is one.

Effect of Oral Exercise on Trismus after Oral Cancer Radiotherapy: A Quasi-Experimental Study.

Trismus is a severe complication of oral cancer treatment. Oral exercise is a potentially helpful approach for preventing or improving trismus. The study aimed to test the efficacy of an oral exercise for enhancing the maximum inter-incisal opening (MIO) in patients undergoing surgery and radiotherapy for oral cancer. This is a quasi-experimental study. A sample of 69 oral cancer patients completed the study, with 35 in the control group and 34 in the intervention group. Intervention subjects were asked to perform three 20-min oral exercise sessions per day for six months. Data on oral exercise practicing time, MIO, and mandibular function impairment were collected at the last radiotherapy exposure (T1), three months (T2), and six months (T3) after the radiotherapy. At T3, the intervention group exercised 217.1 min (95%CI: 107.4~326.7) more than the control group. The generalized estimation equations showed a statistically significant group-by-time interaction in MIO. The change in MIO score from T1 to T3, as indicated by the regression slope, was 2.5 mm (95%CI: 0.4~4.6) greater in the intervention group than in the control group. The results support the efficacy of the study intervention for improving patient exercise adherence and MIO.

The Effect of Quality Coil Method on Improving the Implementation Rate of Oral Exercise Intervention in Premature Infants

The Effect of Quality Coil Method on Improving the Implementation Rate of Oral Exercise Intervention in Premature Infants

Effectiveness of oral exercise programs on oral function among independent elderly people: A cluster randomized controlled trial

Effectiveness of oral exercise programs on oral function among independent elderly people: A cluster randomized controlled trial

The effect of an oral exercise program including whole-body exercises on the mental health of the elderly

The effect of an oral exercise program including whole-body exercises on the mental health of the elderly

Effects of oral exercise on tongue pressure in Taiwanese older adults in community day care centers

Background/purposeOral exercise is a training method for swallowing dysfunction in older adults. The study investigated the effect of oral exercise on tongue pressure in older adults in Taiwanese community day care centers over a 3-month period. Materials and methodsParticipants over age 50 who were able to communicate and participating for the duration of the 12-week period were recruited from five community day care centers. A 15-min weekly group oral exercise activity was conducted. The tongue pressures were measured and multivariable linear regression models were used to assess the effect of oral exercise intervention on the participants’ tongue pressures. ResultsA total of 66 older adult participants, among whom the mean age was 78.06 ± 10.74 years. Tongue pressure continued improving during the intervention period, and the mean tongue pressure at the end of the study was 20.63 ± 10.45 kPa, which was significantly higher than the baseline measurement (16.92 ± 10.62 kPa, p < 0.001). Participants exhibited significant improvement in tongue pressure regardless of their age groups. Moreover, participants with one to seven pairs of functional tooth units (FTUs) exhibited significantly more improvement in tongue pressure (16.00 kPa, 95% CI = 2.58–29.43) than those without FTUs (p = 0.021). ConclusionOral exercise over a 3-month period significantly improved tongue pressure among the study participants regardless of their gender or age group. Oral exercise should be integrated into comprehensive health promotion programs to assist in the improvement and maintenance of oral function among older adults.

Changes in Physical and Oral Function after a Long-Term Care Prevention Program in Community-Dwelling Japanese Older Adults: A 12-Month Follow-Up Study.

Background: The aim of this prospective cohort study was to clarify changes in physical and oral function in older adults after completing a 3-month health program combining physical and oral exercise, oral health instruction, and nutritional guidance. Methods: Subjects were 34 women aged at least 70 years (mean age 79.2 years) in Bungotakada City, Oita Prefecture, Japan. Physical and oral function was investigated on the first day (baseline), at the end of the program, and 6 and 12 months after completing the health program. Physical function was measured using handgrip strength test, timed up and go (TUG) test and one-leg standing time test. Oral diadochokinesis test and repetitive saliva swallowing test (RSST) were employed to assess oral function. Results: TUG scores were significantly lower at 6 and 12 months than at baseline in participants aged ≥70 and <80 years. The repetition rate of the monosyllables /pa/, /ta/, and /ka/ was improved at the end of program in participants aged ≥70 and <80 years and increased to more than 6 times/second at 12 months. Conclusions: Our 3-month health program maintained improvements in oral and physical function in older women 1 year after completing the program.

Improvement in oral function after an oral exercise program including whole-body exercises

Improvement in oral function after an oral exercise program including whole-body exercises

Combination of atorvastatin and gemfibrozil plus physical activity: an animal model of statin/fibrate-induced myopathy

Introduction Drug-induced myopathy is among the most common causes of muscle disease. Lipid-lowering drugs, primarily the statins as inhibitors of the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, are a common cause of myopathy. Statin-fibrate combination potentially increases risk for myopathy and rhabdomyolysis. Blood levels of the enzymes creatine kinase (CK), aldolase and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increase during myopathy. Exercise may be a trigger for statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS). Methods In this study a model of myopathy induction was designed via combination of oral atorvastatin, gemfibrozil and exercise for ten days in rats. To maximise exercise, the rats were placed in a pool of water and allowed to swim before sinking in the last three days. Finally, the mean of swimming tolerance times and blood levels of creatine kinase, aldolase and lactate dehydrogenase were measured. Results The results showed a significantly (p < 0.05) decreased swimming tolerance time and elevated enzyme levels in rats receiving atorvastatin (ATV) and gemfibrozil (GMF) plus exercise compared with those rats in other groups. This animal model can be used to evaluate the effects of medication on reduction of statin/fibrate-induced myopathy.

Effect of 12 Months of Oral Exercise on the Oral Function of Older Japanese Adults requiring Care

Objective: The present study aimed to elucidate the relationship between oral exercise and oral function among older adults requiring care in the nursing facilities of Japan. Methodology: The subjects were adults aged 65 years or above, requiring care and admitted to the nursing facilities for older adults in Japan. The subjects performed the assigned oral exercises, which included the exercises focused on the neck, shoulder, upper limbs, tongue, lips, cheek movement, vocalization, and deep breathing, in groups under the guidance of medical welfare specialists. The exercises were performed for approximately 15 min once a day, three days a week, for 12 months. The oral function was evaluated prior to the commencement of the oral exercise sessions, and subsequently at three months, six months, nine months, and 12 months after the implementation of exercises. The evaluations included the Dysphagia Risk Assessment for Community-dwelling Elderly (DRACE), tongue pressure, and oral diadochokinesis (OD) assessments. Results: The oral function was evaluated in 20 older adults who performed the assigned oral exercises for 12 complete months. The average DRACE score prior to the commencement of the exercise sessions was 2.55 ±0.64, while the DRACE score after 12 months of exercise implementation was 2.60 ±0.49. The average value of tongue pressure prior to the oral exercises was 21.02 ±2.27 kPa, while that after 12 months was 20.26 ±1.76 kPa. The average OD value for the “pa” syllable prior to the exercises was 4.46 ±0.19 times per second, while that after 12 months was 4.64±0.19 times per second. The OD value for the “ta” syllable prior to the exercises was 4.61±0.22 times per second, while that after 12 months was 4.58±0.26 times per second. The OD value for the “ka” syllable prior to the exercises was 4.19±0.26 times per second, while that after 12 months was 4.04±0.22 times per second. The paired one-way analysis of variance revealed no significant difference between the oral function evaluation values prior to and after the oral exercises. Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that oral function in older Japanese adults requiring care could be maintained for 12 months by performing oral exercises.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: The effect of early oral stimulation with breast milk on the feeding behavior of infants after congenital cardiac surgery

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of early oral stimulation with breast milk on the feeding behavior of infants after congenital cardiac surgery.MethodsInfants with congenital heart disease were randomly divided into the breast milk oral stimulation group (n = 23), physiological saline oral stimulation group (n = 23) and control group (n = 23). Debra Beckman’s oral exercise program was used with breast milk and physiological saline in the breast milk oral stimulation group and the physiological saline oral stimulation group, respectively. The time oral feeding and total oral nutrition were started, the length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay and hospital stay, weight and the complications at discharge were recorded for each group and statistically analyzed.ResultsThe time oral feeding and total oral nutrition were started and the length of ICU stay and hospital stay were significantly less in the breast milk oral stimulation group and physiological saline oral stimulation group than in the control group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in other indicators between the breast milk oral stimulation group and the physiological saline oral stimulation group, except for the time total oral nutrition began (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in weight or complications at discharge among the three groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionEarly oral stimulation exercises with breast milk can help infant patients quickly recover total oral nutrition and reduce the length of ICU and hospital stay after cardiac surgery.