Oral Cavity Of Patients Research Articles

Oral Care in ICU Mechanical Ventilation Patients and Associated Pneumonia: A Literature Review

Background: Poor oral health can lead to hospital-acquired pneumonia, a serious condition that can prolong patient care and increase the risk of mortality. The bacteria found in the oral cavity of patients with periodontal disease can be particularly harmful if inhaled into the lungs. Patients who are on mechanical ventilation are at an increased risk of developing aspiration pneumonia. Objective: to investigate the effect of oral care on ventilation associated pneumonia (VAP) and various types of such care. Methods: This review article is performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The literature exploration was done in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases for articles published between 2011 and 2023. The search words were "Mechanical ventilation, intubation, pneumonia, dental care, oral care and ICU ". Results: A total of 21 studies were included, the studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-RCTs and observational studies. Twice-daily oral care with tooth brushing using purified water can significantly reduce the incidence of VAP. Oral care with chlorhexidine and brushing, as well as enhanced oral care, can also be effective in reducing the incidence of VAP. Improved education and implementation of oral care protocols with 0.12% chlorhexidine solution can significantly reduce the incidence of VAP. Conclusions: The review concludes that good oral hygiene, especially twice-daily oral care with tooth brushing using purified water, can significantly reduce the incidence of VAP in mechanically ventilated patients.

MICROBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ORAL MUCOSAIN PATIENTS WITH LICHEN PLANUS ERYTHEMATOSUS

Lichen planus is a multifactorial disease that involves immune, neuroendocrine, microbiological, and other metabolic processes associated with skin and mucosal damage. The microflora of the oral cavity in CPL SOPR was studied by E. S. Leontieva etal., 2014, the microbiocenosis of various biotopes of the oral cavity in patients with CPL SOPR was studied. The study involved 95 patients with CPL SOPR, who underwent hygienic, periodontal and microbiological research methods. The results of the degree of bacterial contamination indicate a more pronounced colonization of foci of CPL lesion by representatives of the coccoid flora: Streptococcus salivares and Streptococcus mutans, but there is no correlation between them. Isolated Streptococcus Sanguis colonies were observed in 55% of patients. In addition, fungi of the genus Candida albicans were detected in 50%, the average level of adhesion of Candida albicans strains in patients with CPL was 16.78±1.64%. The frequency of detection of fungi of the genus Candida albicans in foci of CPL lesion correlates (r=0.79) with the activity of the disease course. The significance of Candida albicans contamination is determined not so much by the degree of contamination of the lesion foci, but by such pathogenic properties of Candida albicansas the level of adhesion and the activity of germination tubes formation [1,2,3,6,11,2,3,6,11]. Authors Chuikin S. V., Akmalova G. M., Chernysheva N. D., 2014, analyzed the qualitative and quantitative microbiocenosis of the oral cavity in patients with CPL. The study included 145 patients with CPL aged 21 to 76 years, of whom 5% were men and 95% were women. The predominant form of CPL was erosive-ulcerative form (33.1%), the lowest frequency was observed in 2% of patients with bullous form. The results of the study showed that dysbiotic changes were observed with a predominance of candida infection and were found in 57.2% of the examined patients, which are observed more often in erosive-ulcerative and bullous forms of CPL. The results of the study showed that all the examined patients had microbiocenosis disorders of varying severity from dysbiotic shift to IYgrade IY dysbiosis and high sensitivity to bacteriophages was revealed. It should be noted that high sensitivity of pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms sown in дисбактериозахoral dysbiosis was detected to цефалоспориногоcephalosporin antibiotics (100%), oxacillin (79%), gentamicin (76%), lincomycin (73%). [5,7,9,12]. A number of foreign authors Villa (TG, Sá ncheznchez-Pérez rez Á, Sieiro C., 2021) believe that microbial infection triggers an autoimmune response. Withdysbiosisof the intestinal microbiota , there is a violationof the integrity of the intestinal barrier, followed by an increase in intestinal permeability, and the penetration микроорганизмof microorganisms and their toxinов into the circulatory system. Current knowledge about this disease requires the inclusion of this disease in the list of autoimmune diseases, since the progression of CPL involves colonization of locally affected areas by bacteria, fungi or viruses that occur after damage to the oral mucosa and skin. The process of healing the disease should include eliminating microbial dysbiosis and restoring the normal microbiota of the oral mucosa, skin, and intestines. [4,6,8,10,13,14].

Multivariate analysis of oral mucosal ulcers during orthodontic treatment.

Orthodontic treatment can easily cause local soft tissue reactions in the oral cavity of patients under mechanical stress, leading to oral mucosal ulcers and affecting their quality of life. At present, only limited literature has explored the factors leading to oral ulcers in orthodontic treatment, and these research results are still controversial. To investigate the current status and related factors of oral mucosal ulcers during orthodontic treatment, aiming to provide a valuable reference for preventing this disease in clinical practice. A total of 587 patients who underwent orthodontic treatment at the Peking University School of Stomatology and Hospital of Stomatology between 2020 and 2022 were selected and allocated to an observation or control group according to the incidence of oral mucosal ulcers during orthodontic therapy. A questionnaire survey was constructed to collect patient data, including basic information, lifestyle and eating habits, treatment details, mental factors, and trace element levels, and a comparative analysis of this data was performed between the two groups. A logistic regression model with oral ulcers as the dependent variable was established. The regression results showed that age (≥ 60 years: odds ratio [OR]: 6.820; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.226-20.893), smoking history (smoking: OR: 4.434; 95%CI: 2.527-7.782), toothbrush hardness (hard: OR: 2.804; 95%CI: 1.746-4.505), dietary temperature (hot diet: OR: 1.399; 95%CI: 1.220-1.722), treatment course (> 1 year: OR: 3.830; 95%CI: 2.203-6.659), and tooth brushing frequency (> 1 time per day: OR: 0.228; 95%CI: 0.138-0.377) were independent factors for oral mucosal ulcers (P < 0.05). Furthermore, Zn level (OR: 0.945; 95%CI: 0.927-0.964) was a protective factor against oral ulcers, while the SAS (OR: 1.284; 95%CI: 1.197-1.378) and SDS (OR: 1.322; 95%CI: 1.231-1.419) scores were risk factors. Age ≥ 60 years, smoking history, hard toothbrush, hot diet, treatment course for > 1 year, tooth brushing frequency of ≤ 1 time per day, and mental anxiety are independent risk factors for oral mucosal ulcers. Therefore, these factors should receive clinical attention and be incorporated into the development and optimization of preventive strategies for reducing oral ulcer incidence.

Evaluation of symbiotic relationships of oral microorganisms and their effect on the development of inflammatory changes of the oral mucosa in the complete absence of teeth

Introduction. By fixing on the exposed surfaces of complete removable dentures and oral soft tissues, bacteria form a biofilm, thereby increasing their overall virulence and resistance. The microorganisms that make up the biofilm are often in a symbiotic relationship, which allows them to increase their pathogenic potential and cause the development of denture stomatitis. Accordingly, when a particular strain is present in the oral cavity, the risks of symbiosis are significantly increased. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of symbiotic relationships of oral bacteria on the development of inflammatory changes in the oral cavity in the absence of teeth. Materials and methods. Two groups of patients belonging to the elderly age according to WHO systematization (60–74 years) with complete absence of teeth (K08.1) were formed, differing in the presence of clinical manifestations of inflammation (82 men and 49 women). Biological material sampled from the oral cavity of patients was studied using the culture method and RT-PCR. To quantify the interaction between members of the microbiocenosis, we used the Jaccard similarity coefficient. Results. Coagulase-negative and coagulase-positive staphylococci, Neisseria, Candida spp., Enterobacterales and F. nucleatum were more frequently found in patients with complete absence of teeth. Expressed symbiotic relations between microorganisms of the Enterobacterales order, Lactobacillus, Neisseria and Corynebacterium genera, as well as S. salivarius, C. albicans, F. nucleatum were established. The nature of these relations depended on the presence of inflammatory changes in the oral mucosa and, in turn, influenced the development of the latter. Thus, in the absence of inflammation, Corynebacterium, Lactobacillus and S. salivarius showed stable synergism. In case of inflammation, the association between these bacteria was accompanied by the introduction of F. nucleatum and displacement of S. salivarius. Conclusion. Thus, conditionally pathogenic microorganisms, forming microbial associations with multidirectional symbiotic relations increase their virulence, which allows them to occupy free niches in the oral cavity and subsequently trigger the development of pathological process of inflammatory character of prosthetic bed tissues.

FLUORESCENT DIAGNOSTIC METHOD AS A TOOL FOR COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF THE HYGIENE OF NATURAL TEETH AND FIXED DENTAL PROSTHESIS CONSTRUCTIONS

This study focuses on the critical need for an oral care, especially when using fixed bridge prostheses. The analysis and impact of insufficient care for oral hygiene on the development of dental diseases and the need to develop effective methods for its assessment have been carried out. The research consists of the improvement of fluorescent diagnostics in orthopedic dentistry, as well as, in the development of an index for the assessment of the hygiene of natural teeth and fixed denture structures based on an in vivo experiment. This aims to improve the diagnosis of the condition of the oral cavity in patients with fixed prostheses, contributing to the improvement of the quality of their orthopedic treatment. Materials and methods: The use of fluorescent diagnostics with Rhodamine G dye allows to identify the presence of dental deposits under the influence of ultraviolet light. The technique involves treating teeth and dentures with a solution that enhances the visibility of dental plaque under ultraviolet light. Research results: The obtained research data confirm the high efficiency of the fluorescent technique in the detection of dental deposits, both on natural teeth and on the surfaces of fixed prostheses. Digital analysis allows you to visualize the specific graphic characteristics of the biofilm, which facilitates the adaptation of an individual approach. Conclusions: The conducted study demonstrates that the improved fluorescent method was extremely effective in determining the state of oral hygiene, effective both for the analysis of natural teeth and fixed prostheses. The proposed method allows you to determine the hygienic condition in detail, makes a significant contribution to the prevention of dental diseases and improves the optimization of medical interventions. The technique is easy to use, and the corresponding software is available for dentists. Further expansion of observations for the use of this technique in patients with a different orthopedic spectrum of needs is expected.

Evaluation of the dynamics of oral pathogenic microbiota in COVID-19 patients by genomic sequencing after application of foam with antimicrobial action

Relevance. The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has demonstrated the critical importance of understanding the mechanisms of transmission and finding effective methods of prevention. Particular attention has been paid to the role of oral hygiene, as the oral cavity serves as a major route of transmission. Studies show that the composition of the oral microbiota can influence the course and outcome of COVID-19 disease. Therefore, there is a need to study the effects of oral antiseptics on the microbiome, which may offer new opportunities for the prevention and treatment of this disease.Objective. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the oral cleansing foam «Parodontol PROF» in reducing the pathogenic microflora of the oral cavity in patients with COVID-19 and to assess its effect on the risk of secondary infections.Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the Clinical Medical Centre «Kuskovo» of Russian University of Medicine. It included 450 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. The participants were divided into two groups: the test group used oral cleansing foam, while the control group used no additional oral hygiene. Comparative analyses of the taxonomic composition of the oropharyngeal microbiota and dental plaque before and after the use of the cleansing foam were performed.Results. The study showed that patients who regularly used the cleansing foam «Parodontol PROF» had a significant decrease in the representation of pathogens, including Mycoplasma, and an increase in the number of beneficial commensals such as Lactococcus and Lactobacillus. These changes indicate the potential efficacy of this product to improve oral hygiene and reduce the risk of secondary infections.Conclusion. The study supports the hypothesis that improving oral hygiene with specialised antiseptic agents, such as a cleansing foam, may help to reduce pathogenic microflora in the oral cavity in patients with COVID-19. This, in turn, may reduce the risk of pathogen migration into the lower respiratory tract and the development of secondary infections. The findings emphasise the importance of further research in this area and the development of comprehensive approaches to oral hygiene management in the context of infectious diseases.

On the issue of the effect of bronchial asthma on the condition of the oral cavity

Relevance&#x0D; &#x0D; High-quality dental rehabilitation of patients suffering from bronchial asthma is one of the priority tasks of an integrated approach to the treatment of general somatic pathology. To date, it is believed that changes in the oral cavity are of a polyetiological nature and can be associated with xerostomia, nutrition, the nature of the treatment, and poor hygiene. Thus, the microbial factor may render an important role in the development of pathological changes in the oral cavity.&#x0D; &#x0D; Purpose &#x0D; &#x0D; Using a review of the literature, to study typical and atypical types of microbial colonies developing in the oral cavity of patients with bronchial asthma, as well as to study ways to correct the pathogenic microflora of the oral cavity.&#x0D; &#x0D; Material and methods&#x0D; &#x0D; An analysis was made of information sources in the international databases of Google Scholar and Pubmed from 2000 to 2023. The keywords of the query were «oral cavity, bronchial asthma, microbes, antimicrobial therapy». As a result of the search, 118 sources were found, of which 34 were relevant.&#x0D; &#x0D; Results&#x0D; &#x0D; The search resulted in 118 sources, of which 34 were relevant. Based on the origin of the literature data, patients diagnosed with bronchial asthma were found to have dental problems associated with the possible occurrence of bacterial flora, among them: caries, periodontal disease, candidiasis. The above ways of spreading inflammatory and autoimmune processes, activating the action of pathogenic microflora.&#x0D; &#x0D; Conclusion&#x0D; &#x0D; Changes in the microbial balance have an impact on the development of pathologies of the oral cavity. Correction of hygiene and the use of antibacterial, antifungal agents, as well as a decrease in concentrations or the absence of drugs that stimulate the increase in pathogenic microbes, contribute to a decrease in the microbial pathological potential in the oral cavity.

INDEX ASSESSMENT OF PERIODONTAL TISSUE AND ORAL HYGIENE OF PATIENTS AT THE PREOPERATIVE STAGE OF TREATMENT OF GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS II-III DEGREE

A significant concern in modern dentistry is the increasing prevalence of periodontitis among the Ukrainian population. At present, there is a high frequency of diagnosis for initial-І degree and II-degree periodontitis in our country. However, a comprehensive comparative chronological analysis of index evaluation of periodontal tissues before the beginning of surgical treatment of generalized periodontitis of II and III degree of severity and after its completion has not yet been carried out, which determined the relevance of this study. Therefore, this study aims to address this gap in the literature.&#x0D; The aim of the study was to evaluate the state of periodontal tissues of patients at the preoperative stage of generalized periodontitis ІІ-ІІІІ degree treatment using periodontal and hygienic indices.&#x0D; Materials and Methods. Analysis of periodontal indices (PMA, PBI, Rtg-index, HEC, and tooth mobility&#x0D; score) was performed in 39 patients with GP II degree and 21 patients with GP III degree. Assessment of oral cavity hygiene by the OHI-S index was performed in patients with GP II-III degree and compared with data from 30 practically healthy people without dental diseases. The classification of M.F. Danilevsky (1994) with the additions of I.S. Mashchenko (2002) was used to evaluate the condition of periodontal tissues. Statistical processing of the research results was carried out using the software packages for statistical analysis of data from biomedical research “Microsoft Excel” and “Statistica”.&#x0D; Results and Discussion. As a result of the study, it was found that the values of periodontal indices: PMA ranged from 49.90±2.28% in patients with GP II degree to 64.25±3.22% in patients with GP III degree, p&lt;0.01; PBI in patients with GP III degree was 1.2 times lower than in patients with GP II degree (2.39±0.05 points vs. 2.86±0.07 points, p&lt;0.01; tooth mobility in patients with GP II degree was 2.00±0.10 points and was 1.5 times lower than in patients with GP III degree (2. 98±0.13 points), p&lt;0.01; the value of HEC in patients with GP III degree was 1.5 times higher than in patients with GP II degree (3.57±0.10 mm vs. 2.45±0.08 mm, p&lt;0.01); the values of Rtg-index in patients with GP ranged from 2.45±0.08 points in patients with GP II degree to 1.49±0.06 points in patients with GP III degree. According to the OHI-S index, in the control group and in patients with GP II degree, the values of the analyzed parameter were 1.82±0.13 points and 2.26±0.14 points, p&lt;0. 05, while in patients with GP III degree the value of OHI-S index (2.92±0.16 points) corresponded to poor hygiene of oral cavity and exceeded the value in the control group by 1.6 times, p&lt;0.01, and in patients with GP II degree by 1.3 times, p1&lt;0.01.&#x0D; Conclusions. Thus, the need for comprehensive treatment of GP II-III degree was emphasized by high index scores of periodontal indices, which in patients with GP III degree were significantly higher compared with similar data in patients with GP II degree, p&lt;0.01. The assessment of the hygienic state of the oral cavity in patients of both the comparison group and patients with advanced forms of GP degree the need to strengthen and improve individual, professional and motivational measures in this cohort of subjects.

Spectral Analysis of Epidermal Staphylococcus with Hemolytic Activity Isolated with Mucosa Oral Cavity in Patients with Periodontitis

Spectral Analysis of Epidermal Staphylococcus with Hemolytic Activity Isolated with Mucosa Oral Cavity in Patients with Periodontitis

АСПЕКТЫ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ИНДЕКСНОЙ ОЦЕНКИ СОСТОЯНИЯ ОРГАНОВ И ТКАНЕЙ ПОЛОСТИ РТА У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ОРТОПЕДИЧЕСКИМИ КОНСТРУКЦИЯМИ ИЗ КОНСТРУКЦИОННЫХ ТИТАНОВЫХ СПЛАВОВ

The study is aimed at assessing the impact of orthopedic structures made of titanium alloys on the condition of organs and tissues of the oral cavity in patients. This study presents the results of an index assessment of the studied parameters, materials and methods of research, as well as conclusions based on the results obtained. Hygienic indices were assessed in three groups of patients with various orthopedic structures, the groups were divided depending on the structural material of the orthopedic structure, the third group was a control group, before the start of treatment and sanitation of the oral cavity, as well as after sanitation procedures carried out a month and six months later. These procedures were mandatory, as 76% of patients were found to have high plaque content upon admission to the clinic. This plaque ranged from thin to moderately dense and was visible to the naked eye. In some cases, there was a significant accumulation of plaque in the interdental spaces and gingival furrows. In patients of the first and second groups, we also evaluated the hygienic indices a month and six months after orthopedic treatment using titanium alloy structures.

Alterations in the oral cavity in patients treated with head and neck radiotherapy: a bibliographic review article

Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide, with head and neck neoplasms ranking fifth among the most common tumors. Radiotherapy is indicated in several cases of head and neck cancer with the aim of destroying cancer cells, but as a side effect it can cause undesirable oral reactions, affecting the quality of life of these patients. The aim of this study was to analyze the most frequent oral alterations in patients with head and neck cancer submitted to radiotherapy according to the findings presented in the literature. The present study used an observational research method through an integrative bibliographic review, using Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. It was possible to conclude that there is a need for greater recognition of the participation of dental professionals in oncological multidisciplinary teams, being of fundamental importance for the management and prevention of oral alterations associated with radiotherapy. The most frequently mentioned oral alterations included mucositis, trismus, xerostomia, dysgeusia, the presence of candidiasis infection, periodontitis and loss of teeth. The radiation dose in the head and neck regions varied between 4000 - 7000 cGy, where at levels of 2000 cGy alterations in the salivary glands and hypovascularization of the tissues can be registered. With the presence of oral alterations induced by radiotherapy, the patient's speech, chewing and swallowing functions are reduced, consequently affecting eating habits, nutritional status, and the well-being of the patient

Antibacterial Activities of Ag/Cellulose Nanocomposites Derived from Marine Environment Algae against Bacterial Tooth Decay.

Dental caries is an infectious oral disease caused by the presence of different bacteria in biofilms. Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major challenge of dental caries treatment. Swabs were taken from 65 patients with dental caries in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Swabs were cultivated on mitis salivarius agar and de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) agar. VITEK 2 was used for the identification of isolated bacteria. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of the isolated bacteria was performed using commercial antibiotic disks. Ulva lactuca was used as a reducing agent and cellulose source to create nanocellulose and Ag/cellulose nanocomposites. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) were used to characterize nanocellulose and Ag/cellulose nanocomposites. The results showed that most bacterial isolates were Streptococcus spp., followed by Staphylococcus spp. on mitis salivarius media. Lactobacillus spp. and Corynebacterium group f-1 were the bacterial isolates on de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) media. The antibiotic susceptibility test revealed resistance rates of 77%, 93%, 0, 83%, 79%, and 79% against penicillin G, Augmentin, metronidazole, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, and cotrimoxazole, respectively. Ag/cellulose nanocomposites and Ag/cellulose nanocomposites with fluoride were the most effective antibacterial agents. The aim of this work was to assess the antibacterial activity of Ag/cellulose nanocomposites with and without fluoride against bacteria isolated from the oral cavities of patients with dental caries. This study demonstrated that Ag/cellulose nanocomposites have antibacterial properties against multidrug-resistant bacteria that cause dental caries.

Etiology, clinical manifestations, and oral microbiota in oral lichen planus: A review of the scientific literature

Treatment of lichen planus of the oral mucosa remains one of the most complex and urgent problems in dermatovenerology and dentistry.&#x0D; In the article, the authors present an analysis of current scientific studies on various aspects of lichen planus of the oral mucosa, including its etiology and prevalence, clinical manifestations, as well as the potential risk of malignant transformation and the microbiota of the oral cavity in patients with this pathology. Potential factors influencing the development of the disease and the possible impact of changes in the microbiota on the clinical course of lichen planus of the oral mucosa are considered.&#x0D; To date, the etiopathogenetic mechanisms of the development of lichen planus of the oral mucosa remain not fully understood. The determination of pathogenesis and the use of differentiated, combined methods will allow us to propose an optimal strategy for the prevention of the disease, increase the effectiveness of its prediction and treatment.&#x0D; The call for further research emphasizes the need to study the red lichen planus of the oral mucosa not as an independent nosology, but as a system of complex neurohumoral and immunoallergic changes, disorders that can affect the patient's quality of life.

Clinical assessment of the periodontal tissues during complex treatment of patients with chronic generalized periodontitis using herbal rinse

BACKGROUND: Preserving the effect of periodontal disease treatment and choosing an individual oral care program are urgent issues in dentistry.&#x0D; AIM: To examine the clinical dynamics and index indicators of the state of the oral cavity in patients with mild but chronic generalized periodontitis (CGP) before and after complex treatment using a mouthwash (“Art-Dental Expert”; LLC “KorolevPharm”).&#x0D; MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted in the main (using “Art-Dental Expert” mouthwash) and control (using 0.05% solution of chlorhexidine bigluconate) groups of patients with mild CGP. The state of periodontal tissues was assessed using a simplified hygiene index (OHI-S, Green–Vermillion), probing bleeding index (BOP), papillary–marginal–alveolar index (PMA), and the index of the need for periodontal disease treatment (CPITN).&#x0D; RESULTS: The main group showed positive dynamics of changes in the indices characterizing the state of the periodontium, with a significant difference in indicators when compared with the control group.&#x0D; CONCLUSION: The use of “Art-Dental Expert” mouthwash for the treatment of patients with mild CGP has a fast and stable prolonged clinical effect with normalization of qualitative and quantitative indicators of the state of periodontal tissues. The “Art-Dental Expert” mouthwash can be recommended for long-term use.

Molecular detection of Entamoeba gingivalis among periodontitis and gingivitis patients by singleplex polymerase chain reaction

Abstract Background: Periodontal disease is classically characterized by progressive destruction of the soft and hard tissues of the periodontal complex, mediated by an interplay between dysbiotic microbial communities and aberrant immune responses within gingival and periodontal tissues. It is being recorded as public health problems. Objective: The aim of study is to detect Entamoeba gingivalis parasite in the oral cavity of patients with periodontitis and gingivitis by using molecular technique with singleplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Materials and Methods: A total of 100 patients with periodontal diseases (periodontitis and gingivitis) were enrolled in the current study. Samples of dental plaque were collected from each patient and stained with Giemsa stain and studied under a microscope. Six samples were selected to be examined by using singleplex PCR technique for the detection of 18S-the small subunit of ribosomal RNA gene (SSU rDNA) gene with 203 bp and comparing the results. Results: This result showed a high significant prevalence of E. gingivalis in dental plaque samples in patients with periodontitis and gingivitis. About 46 (46%) samples were positive by microscope examination. In comparison, six positive samples (3 men and 3 women) were selected for parasitic investigation by singleplex PCR and the results of PCR with specific primers designed for the detection of 18S SSU rDNA gene of (203 bp) showed positive results for the six samples. Conclusion: It was concluded that E. gingivalis had a prevalence among male patients than female patients. In addition, singleplex PCR is the technique of choice for the detection of the target sequence of DNA.

Decamethoxin and chlorhexidine bigluconate effect on the adhesive and biofilm-forming properties of Streptococcus mitis.

Was to investigate the effect of antiseptics on the adhesive and biofilm-forming properties of clinical S.mitis isolates isolated from the oral cavity of patients with an infectious and inflammatory post-extraction complication. Twenty four clinical isolates of S.mitis isolated from patients were studied. The studied antiseptics included 0.02% aqueous solution of decamethoxin and 0.05% solution of chlorhexidine bigluconate. Adhesion of clinical isolates under the action of decamethoxin and chlorhexidine bigluconate was determined by the method of V.I. Brillis. The biofilm-forming properties of clinical isolates were studied using the "microtiter plate test" according to G.D. Christensen. The studied clinical isolates of S.mitis are classified as highly adherent microorganisms. Action of decamethoxin on clinical isolates decreases the adhesion index of the studied isolates in comparison with the adhesion index of the control culture. Action of chlorhexidine bigluconate on S.mitis isolates increases of adhession of the studied clinical isolates in comparison with the control. After the effect of decamethoxin, the optical density of clinical isolates decreased considering the optical density results of the control. The clinical isolates left an average film-forming capacity even after chlorhexidine bigluconate action. Clinical isolates of S.mitis are highly adherent microorganisms. The antiseptic decamethoxin decreases the adhesion index of these bacteria, while chlorhexidine bigluconate increases the adhesion index of clinical S.mitis isolates. Clinical S. mitis isolates have an average biofilm formation capacity index. The antiseptic decamethoxin inhibits the biofilm formation capacity of S.mitis from medium to low.

Genotypes and virulence-related activities of Candida albicans derived from oral cavity of patients in Hokkaido

ObjectiveThis study aimed to elucidate the difference in virulence of Candida albicans derived from oral candidiasis and non-oral candidiasis patients, and its genotype differences in Hokkaido to obtain a clue of a platform to develop new approaches for diagnosis and treatment. DesignC. albicans strains were collected from patients who visited the Hokkaido University Hospital Dental Center. Each strain was examined to i) identify the Candida albicans genotype by PCR, ii) measure the strain’s extracellular secretory enzyme activity, iii) determine the strain’s ability to induce the production of interleukin-8, and iv) determine the strain’s ability to induce cell death. ResultsCertain virulence-related protease activities and cytotoxicity were higher in strains derived from patients with oral candidiasis compared with strains derived from patients without oral candidiasis. This is the first report on genotypes and the virulence-related activities, such as some protease secretion, IL-8 induction and cytotoxicity of C. albicans in Hokkaido. ConclusionsThe virulence-related activities of the fungal strain may influence the pathogenesis of oral candidiasis, such as production of secreted aspartyl protease and cytotoxicity. In addition, C. albicans genotype C may be important for pathogenicity in Hokkaido, because the ratio of genotype C was increased in strains derived from oral candidiasis patients.

DENTAL CARE IN HIV-positive PATIENTS.

This study was based on the behavior of dentists when dealing with seropositive patients, as well as the oral lesions that affect the oral cavity in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The objective was to help dentists conduct themselves in relation to patients with HIV, how they should treat them and what manifestations are present in the oral cavity of immunosuppressed patients. The method used in this project was a literature review based on scientific articles on the subject, obtained from the databases: Google Scholar, Scielo and PubMed, in addition to the keywords that were: HIV. HIV test. HIV seropositivity. Long-term HIV survivors. Dentist's role. Dentist-patient relationship. The expected result of this literature review was to show and awaken the importance of knowing how to provide care to patients with HIV, as well as adopting protective measures for these people who suffer prejudice daily, as well as the safety of the dental team in terms of biosafety and ethics. In this way, it is concluded that dental professionals are not being properly instructed to care for seropositive patients, both in terms of ethics, biosafety and oral manifestations present in these immunosuppressed patients.

Особенности влияния различных аппликационных адгезивных средств в комплексе местного лечения рецидивирующих афт полости рта у пациентов на фоне клинических проявлений классических и опосредованных гиперсекреторных заболеваний желудочно-кишечного тракта

Цель настоящей работы — оценка и обоснование эффективности влияния различных адгезивных средств и диодного лазера в комплексе местного лечения эрозивно-язвенных поражений слизистой оболочки рта на фоне клинических проявлений классических и опосредованных гиперсекреторных заболеваний желудочно-кишечного тракта. В комплексном клинико-лабораторном исследовании приняли участие 58 пациентов молодого трудоспособного возраста с эрозивно-язвенными поражениями слизистой оболочки рта (K12.0). Обследование включало оценку состояния слизистой оболочки преддверия и собственно полости рта, уровня гигиены по Грину—Вермиллиону и кислотности ротовой жидкости. Качественное и количественное изучение состава микробиоты, полученной с поверхности налета с эрозивно-язвенных элементов, проводилось методом посева на специальные дифференциально-диагностические среды серии HiCrome. Влияние местного лечения у всех лиц с наличием афт способствовало снятию острого альтернативного воспаления, регрессу жалоб и симптомов (χ2=0,0, p=1,0), нормализации гигиенического состояния полости рта (Z=0,88, p=0,379), pH ротовой жидкости (Z=0,64, p=0,522), состава резидентной микробиоты поверхности афт в стадии эпителизации в течение всего периода наблюдения. Согласно тесту Гехана—Вилкоксона существуют статистически значимые различия скорости эпителизации афт в зависимости от наличия гиперсекреторных заболеваний желудочно-кишечного тракта (p&lt;0,001). Включение в схему местного лечения антисептической обработки поверхности эрозивно-язвенных элементов гелем Холисал (холина салицилат, цеталконий хлорид) и воздействия диодным лазером, а также поочередных аппликаций средствами, обладающими адгезивностью, — порошкообразной формы тромбоцитарной аутологичной плазмы и геля Холисал способствовало регрессу жалоб и симптомов к 4,5±0,5 и 5,5±0,4 дням наблюдения, стабилизации гигиенического состояния полости рта и pH ротовой жидкости, нормализации состава микробиоты поверхности эпителия за счет выраженного противовоспалительного, противомикробного, противогрибкового, эпителизирующего и регенерирующего действия. The purpose of this work was to evaluate and substantiate the effectiveness of the influence of various adhesive agents and a diode laser in the complex of local treatment of erosive and ulcerative lesions of the oral mucosa against the background of clinical manifestations of classical and mediated hypersecretory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. . A comprehensive clinical and laboratory study involved 58 patients of young working age with erosive and ulcerative lesions of the oral mucosa (K12.0). The examination included an assessment of the condition of the mucous membrane of the vestibule and the oral cavity itself, the level of hygiene according to Green—Vermillion (1964). In samples of the oral fluid using universal indicator, the acidity of the oral fluid was assessed. A qualitative and quantitative study of the composition of the microbiota obtained from the plaque surface from erosive and ulcerative elements was carried out by seeding on special differential diagnostic media of the HiCrome series. To assess the rate of epithelialization in days, the Kaplan—Meier method of multiplier estimates, and the Gehan-Wilcoxon test were used. . The influence of local treatment in all persons with the presence of aphthae contributed to the removal of acute alternative inflammation, regression of complaints and symptoms (χ2=0.0, p=1.0), normalization of the hygienic state of the oral cavity (Z=0.88, p=0.379), pH of the oral fluid (Z=0.64, p=0.522), composition of the resident microbiota of the surface of the aphthae in the stage of epithelialization during the entire period of clinical observation. According to the Gehan—Wilcoxon test, there are statistically significant differences in the rate of aphthae epithelialization depending on the presence of hypersecretory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (p&lt;0.001). . Inclusion in the scheme of local treatment of antiseptic treatment of the surface of erosive and ulcerative elements with Holisal gel (choline salicylate, cetalkonium chloride) and exposure to a diode laser, as well as alternate applications of agents with adhesiveness — a powdered form of platelet autologous plasma and Holisal gel, contributed to the regression of complaints and symptoms to 4.5±0.5 and 5.5±0.4 days of observation, stabilization of the hygienic state of the oral cavity and pH of the oral fluid, normalization of the composition of the microbiota of the epithelium surface due to a pronounced anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antifungal, epithelial and regenerating action.

Frequency of isolation of nosocomial pneumonia pathogens from the respiratory tract of cardiac surgery hospital patients who are under extended artificial lung ventilation and efficiency of oral cavity sanitation with chlorhexidine solution

Objective. To assess the frequency and degree of bacterial contamination of the respiratory tract in patients of cardiac surgery hospital, who are on prolonged mechanical ventilation, and to evaluate the efficiency of sanitation of the oral cavity with a solution of chlorhexidine. Materials and methods. A comparative analysis of the oral and tracheobronchial tract microbiota in operated patients of cardiac surgery hospital undergoing prolonged (4872 hours) artificial lung ventilation (ALV) was carried out. Microbiological assessment of the effectiveness of the oral cavity sanation with 0.1 % aqueous chlorhexidine solution is given. Results. The oral and tracheobronchial microbiota of cardiac surgery patients undergoing prolonged ALV are represented by gram-positive (S. epidermidis) and gram-negative (K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii) microorganisms as well as Candida fungi. It was found out that the indices of the frequency and intensity of microbial isolation from the samples of the lower parts of the respiratory tract content were comparable with those of the oral cavity. The exception was S. epidermidis, the number of which in the lower airways compared to the upper ones was low. There was a statistically significant decrease in the intensity of microbial contamination of the oral cavity in patients on ALV after the sanation procedure with an aqueous chlorhexidine solution. Conclusions. Frequency and intensity indices of opportunistic microorganisms (K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, A. inaumannii, Candida fungi) isolation from the oral cavity and lower respiratory tract in patients of cardiac surgical hospital under prolonged ALV have no statistically significant differences. The exception is S. epidermidis, whose numbers in the lower airways are low compared to the upper ones. The microbiological effectiveness of 0.1 % aqueous chlorhexidine solution in the process of sanitation of the oral cavity in patients on prolonged ALV has been established.