Mobility Options Research Articles

Internationalisation in Higher Education: Post-Covid Trends of Students’ Mobility (Case Study EUROMED Countries)

Purpose: This article examines trends in the internationalisation of higher education within the Euro-Mediterranean (EUROMED) region, with a particular focus on student mobility as a driving force for fostering academic collaboration across borders. Study design/methodology/approach: The research uses data from UNESCO to analyse student movement patterns in 23 Euro-Mediterranean countries. It considers key factors influencing these trends, including economic incentives, geopolitical stability, and cultural linkages. It also assesses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on international student mobility and the adaptation of physical, virtual, and blended mobility formats to new realities. Findings: The findings highlight that while physical mobility remains essential, the rise of virtual and blended mobility options post-pandemic has introduced more inclusive and accessible student pathways. This shift enhances the resilience and adaptability of internationalisation frameworks within the EUROMED region, enabling a more robust response to the fluctuating global conditions. Originality/value: This study provides a comprehensive look at the unique cultural, geopolitical, and educational context of the EUROMED region. It underscores the importance of innovative mobility models in creating a more inclusive internationalisation approach that can withstand external challenges, particularly in a post-pandemic landscape.

Human-like Decision Making for autonomous lane change driving: a hybrid inverse reinforcement learning with game-theoretical vehicle interaction model

The development of automated driving vehicles aims to provide safer, comfortable, and more efficient mobility options. However, the decision-making control of autonomous vehicles still embraces limitations on human performance mimicry. These limitations become particularly evident in complex and unfamiliar driving scenarios, where weak decisionmaking abilities and poor adaptation of vehicle behaviour are prominent issues. This paper proposes a game-theoretic decisionmaking algorithm for human-like driving in the vehicle lane change scenario. Firstly, an inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) model is used to quantitatively analyse the lane change trajectories of the natural driving dataset, establishing the human-like human cost function. Subsequently, joint safety, comfort to build the comprehensive decision cost function. Use the combined decision cost function to conduct a non-cooperative game of vehicle lane changing decision to solve the optimal decision of host vehicle lane changing. The host vehicle lane-changing decision problem is formulated as a Stackelberg game optimization problem. To verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm proposed in this study, a lane change test scenario has been established. Firstly, we analyse the human-like decision-making model derived by the maximum entropy inverse reinforcement learning algorithm to verify the effectiveness and robustness of the IRL algorithm. Secondly, the human-like game decisionmaking algorithm in this paper is validated by conducting an interactive lane-changing experiment with obstacle vehicles of different driving styles. The experimental results prove that the human-like driving decision-making model proposed in this study can make lane-changing behaviours in line with human driving patterns in lane-changing scenarios of expressway.

Prospects and challenges of mobile banking in Bangladesh: A case study

Mobile banking is a technology advancement that enables convenient, anytime, anywhere access to financial services. When using mobile banking, customers can access banking services via their phones without having to wait in line. It is a branchless kind of banking. The purpose of the study was to identify the prospects and challenges facing Bangladeshi mobile banking in the twenty-first century. Over 80 respondents were selected using Yaro Yamani formula from a sample of bank clients and bankers and given a standardized questionnaire. The study's goal has been perceived through the application of the descriptive research approach. Based on the study's findings, people's interest in mobile banking is growing daily due to its advantages. Certain banks do not presently offer all mobile banking services, and not all respondents are aware of all the mobile banking options available. Fast data transfer and cost-effective usage are two factors that entice customers. Some of the disadvantages of mobile banking are that it is very expensive, private, complex, etc. Lowering operational risks and increasing consumer confidence in Bangladesh's mobile banking services can be achieved through robust technical information control and security procedures that ensure the integrity and confidentiality of financial transactions.

Exploring the perceived dynamic system driving inequities in the community obesogenic environment

Abstract Introduction Persons in socioeconomically disadvantaged situations (PSEDS) are more susceptible and disproportionally exposed to obesogenic environments, resulting in poorer dietary outcomes and lower levels of physical activity. This study aimed to map the complex dynamic system within the community obesogenic environment driving unhealthy eating and insufficient physical activity among PSEDS in Flanders, and to identify potential local actions. Methods Participatory group model building (GMB), a qualitative system dynamics method, was used to engage PSEDS (n = 7), local decision makers (n = 7) and local stakeholders (n = 5) in two Flemish municipalities. A two-day GMB session was held in each municipality during which a causal loop diagram (CLD) was created and potential local actions were identified by considering causal pathways and reinforcing loops in the system. Results The CLD was designed around two main variables (i) healthy eating and (ii) physical activity among PSEDS. Seven sub-systems could be identified: 1) social environment, 2) facilities and activities, 3) mobility options, 4) information, 5) affordability, 6) safety (specifically for physical activity), and 7) industry and advertisement (specifically for eating behaviour). Several actions to improve the local environment to promote eating behaviour and physical activity among PSEDS were identified. Conclusions The CLD illustrates the complex interactions between individual and environmental determinants contributing to inequalities in eating behaviour and physical activity by including multiple perspectives of community members in socioeconomically disadvantaged situations, local decision makers and local stakeholders. Both the participatory GMB approach and the final CLD visualization can provide the basis for planning local actions for promoting healthy eating behaviour and physical activity among PSEDS. Key messages • Group model building is an effective approach to explore and understand a dynamic complex system through a shared understanding among diverse stakeholders. • A systems approach is valuable to provide a more comprehensive and context-specific understanding of the perceived factors contributing to inequities in the obesogenic environment.

Navigating the challenges of public transport and urban mobility in Thohoyandou, South Africa

Background: Transport systems are an essential feature of functional urban settlements. Yet, almost all of South Africa’s secondary cities and small towns lack a true public transportation system. Because of this, quasi-public, privately operated mini-bus taxis are the main form of transport for most urban residents. Thohoyandou, Limpopo, a town of over 70 000 people, is a typical South African town in this regard.Objectives: The purpose of this research was to understand passenger experiences of mini-bus taxis in Thohoyandou, Limpopo province, South Africa.Method: This study used semi-structured interviews to explore the mobility challenges faced by the residents of Thohoyandou.Results: This study revealed several negative aspects impacting passenger experiences. Passengers consistently reported concerns regarding driver’s behaviour that compromised safety and security. This included overloading of vehicles and disregard for traffic regulations. Passengers also highlighted the challenges posed by poor transport infrastructure and a lack of reliable service. Collectively, these factors contribute to limited mobility options, increased transportation costs and a reduced quality of life. Furthermore, the shortcomings of mini-bus taxi services disproportionately affect people with disability, who already face significant societal barriers, further marginalising them within the transportation system.Conclusion: The government should increase investment in transport infrastructure, the enforcement of traffic laws and better driver training. However, a strong government combined with much political will is required if passengers and safety are to be the main priorities of the mini-bus taxi industry.Contribution: This study highlights challenges faced by public transport users in Thohoyandou, where mini-bus taxis serve as the main mode of transport. The challenges experienced by transport users not only reduce their mobility but also contribute to marginalisation of vulnerable groups, especially people with disability.

Land Use, Travel Patterns and Gender in Barcelona: A Sequence Analysis Approach

Transport systems are essential for the path toward sustainable urbanisation and the transition to more sustainable living. Recently, European cities have undergone substantial changes, and suburbanisation is posing new challenges. Suburban areas are often more affordable in terms of housing, but these neighbourhoods tend to be car-oriented. This leads to higher commuter costs, immobility, transport and time poverty, pollution, higher accident rates and a lack of social interactions. To offer sustainable mobility options to citizens, we must comprehensively understand, together with their individual characteristics, their specific mobility practices and the built environment where they live. This study is centred on the Barcelona Metropolitan Region, which has a public transport network that covers its entire area. The aim of this study is to examine the relationships between travel behaviour, transport mode use, individual characteristics and built environment characteristics in the place of residence using detailed information sources. Herein, we used data from the 2018 to 2021 annual travel survey conducted in the Barcelona region, together with land use and sociodemographic information. Our findings suggest that transport policies have encouraged sustainable mobility practices, particularly in the centre of Barcelona. Despite the positive results, considerable disparities exist between the inner and outer city, with a notable decline in sustainable mobility practices in the latter, due to the uneven distribution of basic services and uneven provision of public transport, together with lower density areas. Our results demonstrate that this uneven distribution reduces the available sequence profiles of inhabitants. In conclusion, the promotion of sustainable mobility policies necessitates further advances in transport, city and land-use planning that consider equity, gender, the socioeconomic profiles of citizens and mixed urban planning.

Stair Climbing Electric Wheelchair

From 18 century many types of wheelchairs had been designed, by developing its functionality. Our project focuses on addressing the mobility challenges faced by individuals with disabilities, particularly those who encounter difficulties navigating staircases. The project introduces a novel solution in the form of an electric stair- climbing wheelchair designed to provide enhanced accessibility in both indoor and outdoor environments. The wheelchair incorporates innovative technologies, including electric motors and intelligent control systems, to enable seamless and safe navigation on various types of stairs. The important parts of this product are conveyor belt, frame and driving mechanism climbing wheelchair for regular use by old disabled people. The design of frame will be done by considering various loads, stresses at various positions. The main factor of wheelchair are the angle of stair and center of gravity of whole system. The design process involves considerations for user comfort, safety, and ease of operation, with a particular emphasis on accommodating diverse user needs. Through a combination of both electrical and mechanical engineering principles and modern electronics, the wheelchair is equipped to ascend and descend stairs smoothly, offering a versatile solution for individuals with mobility impairments. We also plan to explore user feedback and ergonomic evaluations to refine the wheelchair's design and functionality. Preliminary testing would be done to demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed solution in real-world scenarios. The findings of this study contribute to the ongoing efforts to improve the quality of life for individuals with disabilities by expanding their mobility options and promoting inclusivity in various environments.

Understanding the urban mobility challenge: Why shared mobility providers fail to attract car drivers

Reducing urban car traffic has become a global policy objective. A vital element in achieving this objective is the availability of shared mobility providers offering sustainable alternative travel modes such as micromobility, carsharing, and ridehailing. Despite policy and industry efforts, shared mobility options have failed to change the travel patterns of current car users. We explore this urban mobility challenge through an empirical study of 807 urban travelers. Our results show that car drivers estimate travel costs conceptually rather than rationally and consider both trip purpose and length. In particular, car users perceive longer and recreational trips as cheaper per distance driven than shorter and work-related trips. A segmentation analysis reveals that habitual and technology-averse car drivers are particularly susceptible to this skewed cost perception, unlike more frequent transit users. Embedding these results in a case study of current shared mobility options shows that these options are ill-adjusted to the preferences of car travelers but more attractive to current transit users, potentially leading to cannibalization. Based on these findings, we outline several strategies for mobility providers and policymakers to attract car drivers to shared mobility options, thereby contributing to solving the urban mobility challenge.

"Next-Generation Four-Port Isolated Pv Ev Charger with Integrated Ac and Dc Charging Solutions"

This research introduces a pioneering 4-port isolated photovoltaic (PV) based electric vehicle (EV) charger designed to support both alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) charging. The integration of four ports enhances charging flexibility and efficiency, catering to the evolving needs of electric vehicle users. The system harnesses solar energy through photovoltaic panels, ensuring a sustainable and eco-friendly charging solution. The isolation mechanism ensures safe and reliable charging by preventing ground loops and minimizing electrical hazards. By accommodating both AC and DC charging, the charger adapts to various EV models, offering a versatile and future-proof solution. This research contributes to the advancement of renewable energy integration into transportation infrastructure, promoting cleaner and more resilient mobility options in the growing electric vehicle market. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/pst.798

Current Status and Future Perspectives for Mobility Options Toward Sustainable Transportation With a Focus on Fuel Cells

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a comprehensive analysis of five different vehicle technologies with a particular emphasis on fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) in comparison to conventional gasoline and diesel ICEs, hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), and electric vehicle (EV) technologies. Key parameters in comparison included greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), social cost of carbon (SCC), energy efficiency, fuel consumption, fuel price, driving range, and total cost of ownership (TCO). A normalization approach is employed to rank the technologies across parameters, providing valuable insights for sustainable transportation decision‐making. FCV technology showed the highest average performance (5.343/10) followed by EV technology (4.760/10). The paper also presents current and anticipated hydrogen demand and supply centers, accompanied by a brief overview of commercially available fuel cell technologies. Finally, the sustainability of FCV technology as well as economic, legal, and infrastructural limitations associated with the widespread adoption are also discussed.

210 A project to promote the teaching of independent cycling to children with ambulant Cerebral Palsy in Ireland

Abstract The purpose of this project is to promote the teaching of cycling to children with ambulant Cerebral Palsy (CP). Research in Australia has shown that a lower proportion of children with ambulant CP can ride compared to typically developing peers and those that could, learn later. For children with CP, there are numerous health benefits to independent cycling such as overall cardiovascular fitness and weight-management, sense of empowerment and achievement of a common childhood goal. It can be an additional mobility option and a great family activity option. It is possible that balance could improve and it may be beneficial to have exercise options which are low-impact and reduced weight-bearing. The mental health benefits also include improved sense of self-esteem and confidence alongside opportunities for social interaction and friendships. The target group for this project are a wide range of stakeholders, from therapists working with children with CP; sports inclusion officers; Cycle Right trainers and families of children with ambulant CP. Project aims to target a broad spectrum of ways for people to access support for learning to cycle. During the development of this project, a small focus group was formed with parents and children with CP who had learnt independent cycling. Cycling can be an activity which fits into a family and child-centred approach to therapy. The benefits of their new skills was discussed under the themes of the ‘F words’ of disability. An initial teaching You-Tube video was made for children with milder co-ordination difficulties. A further video is planned teaching the more specific points when working with children with hemiplegia or asymmetrical diplegia. A workshop was developed for physiotherapists focusing on how to teach cycling skills to children with CP. Further links are being established with other stakeholders to maximise roll-out of the resources and workshops. Cycling is such a fun and important activity and some specific skills are required when teaching, especially when the children have hemiplegia. This project aims to spread these teaching skills to a wide audience in the hope of as many children with CP in Ireland learning how to cycle as possible.

Development of an innovative microvehicle for urban mobility

This paper presents the development of a novel microvehicle concept under the H2020 LEONARDO project, which targets the limitations of current micromobility solutions. By combining the features of a monowheel and a kick scooter, the vehicle is designed to enhance safety, comfort, and convenience for urban transport. It employs an innovative control mechanism, where pushing the steering column accelerates and pulling it decelerates, thereby improving user experience. The design integrates advanced fast-charging energy storage with a lightweight, compact build, facilitating easy maneuverability and storage, making it suitable for urban environments. The development process includes extensive re-design efforts; in-house testing; and detailed structural, electrical, and regulatory analyses, ensuring compliance with existing standards. A large-scale demonstration in a real urban setting validates the practicality and effectiveness of vehicles. This microvehicle emphasizes ease of use, merging the best aspects of a kick scooter and a monowheel to overcome challenges related to range, safety, and integration with public transportation. A key innovation is the potential inclusion of a battery-sharing system that enhances versatility and user appeal. By focusing on a seamless blend of intuitive control, compact design, and efficient energy use, this vehicle addresses the significant limitations of the current micromobility solutions. This paper highlights the potential of vehicles to significantly improve urban transportation by offering a practical, environmentally friendly, and user-friendly alternative that enhances the efficiency and attractiveness of urban mobility options.

Strategic operation of electric vehicle in residential microgrid with vehicle-to-home features

The urgent need for innovative energy solutions to facilitate the transition to renewable energy and electric vehicles (EVs) is particularly critical in developing countries, where high emissions and grid reliability challenges persist. This study investigates an off-grid residential renewable energy system with stationary storage like battery and hydrogen, alongside an EV as mobile storage. A bi-level optimization framework is established considering stationary and mobile energy storage options and a strategy is proposed to implement Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) in off-gird settings. Three cases are studied, with optimal component sizing determined using an optimization tool integrated with MATLAB. Firstly, to determine the most cost-effective stationary storage alternative, Case 1 uses hydrogen and Case 2 employs a battery as storage. Then Case 3 integrates the optimal stationary storage with mobile storage using V2H technology enabling the EV to support household energy needs during peak times. Results highlight that combining stationary and mobile storage (Case 3) offers a 15.92% reduction in Total Net Present Cost (TNPC) and a 13.9% reduction in Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) compared with stationary storage alone. This off-grid system (Case 3) also outperforms the conventional grid economically and environmentally, offering 2.13× TNPC reduction and 7,813 kg/yr carbon emissions mitigation.

Alternate green and carsharing mobility options: A strategy to fight climate change in oil producing countries

In Kuwait, the number of private cars is significantly high. Hence, reducing private car ownership is one of the main necessary approaches to minimize greenhouse gas emissions. Globally, cities are countering the increase in private car ownership by providing a reliable public transportation system. In Kuwait, public transport consists of a bus system, which is not widely accepted by users since it does not provide connectivity to desired locations. However, providing carsharing services and ride-sourcing can be an alternative mode. In 2019, a service called Careem was launched in Kuwait which is considered a leading ride-sourcing company in the region. Meanwhile, carsharing is not introduced yet to Kuwait. This study aims to evaluate people acceptance of carsharing and evaluate the available transport modes in Kuwait which are Careem, Taxi, Private car and Bus. 373 people participated in this study through an online questionnaire, 40% of them were willing to use carsharing when it is introduced. Additionally, Chi-square test verified that males are more likely to use taxi and Careem services. Moreover, car availability had the biggest influence on not using public transport modes. To evaluate the current transport modes and the accessibility of transport modes, 5 trips with 5 different origins and destinations were selected. The results indicated that private car is the quickest mode followed by Careem. However, public transport showed bad results with no access in Al-Jahra area, with walking time exceeding 30 min from and to the station. The required carsharing vehicles was estimated using the questionnaire data, referring to the number of carsharing in Dubai. It was concluded that there should be at least a single car sharing in 785,398 m2. In order to increase the acceptance of public transport modes, it is highly recommended to extend its tours to cover more regions and reallocate bus stations to reduce walking time for users.

Lived Experiences of People With & Without Disabilities Across the Life Span on Autonomous Shuttles

Abstract Date Presented 03/22/24 Positive and negative experiences of an autonomous shuttle were identified after exposure. OTs may incorporate autonomous shuttles as an additional mobility option to enhance people’s community participation. Primary Author and Speaker: Seung Woo Hwangbo Additional Authors and Speakers: Nichole E. Stetten, Sherrilene Classen

The Use of Telerehabilitation to Improve Movement-Related Outcomes and Quality of Life for Individuals With Parkinson Disease: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Individuals with Parkinson disease (PD) can improve their overall mobility and participation in daily activities as they engage in frequent exercise. Despite the need for individually tailored exercises, persons with PD often face barriers to accessing physical rehabilitation professionals who can provide them. Telerehabilitation (TR) may facilitate access to necessary and individually tailored rehabilitation for individuals with PD. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of TR for individuals with PD and explore clinical outcomes compared to in-person care. This was a pilot randomized controlled trial conducted at 2 outpatient neurorehabilitation clinics with 3 study groups: clinic+TR, TR-only, and usual care (UC). TR was administered using a web-based application with a mobile app option. One-hour interventions were performed weekly for 4 weeks, in-person for the clinic+TR and UC groups and virtually for the TR-only group. Home exercises were provided on paper for the UC group and via the web-based platform for the clinic+TR and TR-only groups. Feasibility was assessed by recruitment and retention success and patient and therapist satisfaction, as rated in surveys. Clinical outcomes were explored using performance and patient-reported measures in between- and within-group analyses. Of 389 patients screened, 68 (17.5%) met eligibility criteria, and 20 (29.4% of those eligible) were enrolled (clinic+TR, n=6; TR-only, n=6; and UC, n=8). One patient (TR-only) was withdrawn due to a non-study-related injurious fall. Regardless of group allocation, both patients and therapists generally rated the mode of care delivery as "good" or "very good" across all constructs assessed, including overall satisfaction and safety. In the analysis of all groups, there were no differences in clinical outcomes at the discharge visit. Within-group differences (from baseline to discharge) were also generally not significant except in the UC group (faster 5-time sit-to-stand time and higher mini balance evaluation systems test balance score) and clinic+TR group (higher mini balance evaluation systems test balance score). High satisfaction amongst patients and clinicians regardless of group, combined with nonsignificant between-group differences in clinical outcomes, suggest that TR is feasible for individuals with PD in early-moderate stages. Future trials with a larger sample are necessary to test clinical effectiveness. As larger trials enroll patients with diverse characteristics (eg, in terms of age, disease progression, caregiver support, technology access and capacity, etc), they could begin to identify opportunities for matching patients to the optimal utilization of TR as part of the therapy episode. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06246747; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06246747.

Mule trains to mountain roads: the role of working mules in supporting resilient communities in the Himalayas.

Working equids play a central role in mountainous communities, but their work often goes unnoticed by the wider world, with sparse documentation of their role, value, or welfare - a state which often extends to their human counterparts. Communities living in the remote Manaslu Valley, Nepal, face a number of uncertainties, including extreme weather events due to the seasonal monsoon and, more recently, the construction of a new road network. Using semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, and Equine Assessment Research and Scoping (EARS) welfare assessments, we outline the specific role of pack mules in supporting the lives of local people, explain the nuanced links between human experience and mule welfare, and gain insight into how people living in this volatile environment manage uncertainty and risk. Mule work was felt to be the 'only option' for a sustainable livelihood for most mule owners although, in some cases, mules had enabled respondents to diversify their income. Mule owners with more husbandry experience did not own mules in more positive behavioural states, which may suggest a lack of generational knowledge and support networks. Short-term ongoing risks, such as the monsoon or unstable tracks, had a larger impact both financially and emotionally than the long-term but distant implications of the road construction. Mule owners must constantly balance the risk of working during the monsoon season, when conditions are treacherous but pay was higher, with losing valuable income but keeping themselves and their mules safe; they do, however, have a more mobile option for employment than non-owners. Mules enable a level of resilience and agility for communities living with constant uncertainty and change, which is only beginning to be recognised formally within the sustainable development sphere. Integration of animal welfare into the SDGs would allow humanitarian aid initiatives to strengthen support networks around working equids, which would greatly benefit the mules and humans alike.

Exploring the association between household compositional change and mobility of subsidized householders in the United States: A life course perspective

ABSTRACT This study examines the relationship between household compositional change and residential mobility of subsidized householders. Data from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Annual Longitudinal Files 2005–2018 is used to measure household compositional change and mobility for subsidized householders in the Public Housing and Housing Choice Voucher programs. Householders are 67% more likely to move when a change in household composition occurs. Members entering the household induce larger estimated mobility effects than members exiting the household. Although the odds that a householder move are associated with a household compositional change is greatest in the Housing Choice Voucher program for tenant-based vouchers, there is still a strong association with household compositional changes and mobility in Public Housing and for project-based voucher units where options for mobility are limited. The results have implications for future research on program design factors such as occupancy standards in subsidized housing in the United States.

Sustainable mobility and sports tourism: applying the theory of planned behaviour to football supporters

ABSTRACT Today, the importance of sustainable tourism has become a global issue. Sport tourism is a relatively recent area of focus, and football tourism is probably the most popular in leisure sport travel. Sustainable mobility is vital to reducing the environmental impact of sport tourism. Since attending football matches has a significant impact in terms of travel, this study investigated football spectators’ behaviours in relation to sustainable mobility. By administering approximately 1,500 questionnaires to French football supporters, this study explored what affects supporters’ decisions regarding mobility options. Based on the theory of planned behaviour, this study investigated the individual behaviour resulting from intentions, which in turn is influenced by attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control. This study also considered the role played by other internal factors, such as environmental concerns. Using structural equation modelling, the results highlight that supporters’ attitudes and opinions, and their perceived control of the behaviour and society’s subjective norms influence their behavioural intention in relation to adopting sustainable mobility actions. This study recognizes the strong willingness to adopt green behaviours among football supporters, which football organizations and tourism actors should support.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on characteristic of bike-sharing systems near metro and bus stations

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on various modes of mobility as it spread rapidly worldwide, leading to changes in the landscape of transportation. This research focuses on comparing the usage of bike-sharing and the shifts in cycling behaviour before (2019) and after (2020) the pandemic outbreak in Daejeon, South Korea. Additionally, it examines the role of bike-sharing as a supplementary mode of transport for public transportation systems such as buses and metros during these periods. Our analysis revealed that bike-sharing has become a more prominent mode of transport after the pandemic. We developed a model to calculate the demand ratio of bike-sharing within the catchment areas of bus and metro stations to assess its impact as a supplementary mode. The results indicate an increase in the usage of some dockless bike stations in the catchment areas of buses and metros by 0.22% and 7.29%, respectively. We also conducted a correlation analysis using Point of Interest (POI) data to understand the factors influencing bike-sharing usage. The findings suggest that travel behaviours have shifted towards commercial and recreational destinations. Given its cost-effectiveness and flexibility, bike-sharing could be a sustainable option for urban mobility. Therefore, city planners in Daejeon can use the results of this study to promote bike-sharing and cycling as viable transportation alternatives.