Optimum Tensile Properties Research Articles

(Alumina and graphene)/ PLA nanocomposites manufactured by digital light processing 3D printer

In this study, the variant effects of alumina and graphene reinforcing nanoparticle percentages on the tensile and wear properties of the nanocomposites, produced using digital light processing (DLP), were determined by employing SEM images of fracture and worn surfaces to introduce a hybrid (alumina + graphene)/PLA nanocomposite with desirable wear and mechanical properties. With the addition of alumina up to 2 wt%, the tensile strength was initially decreased exhibiting a rapid brittle fracture over the flat fracture surface. However, with a continued increase in the amount of reinforcing particles, the tensile strength eventually increased by 16% compared to the pure resin sample at 8 wt% of alumina while changing the fracture mode with plenty of cleavages accompanied by crack deflections. The specific wear rate in the 8 wt% alumina sample decreased by almost 62% compared to the pure resin sample. Graphene caused a significant drop in tensile strength due to the generation of cavities and porosities around the graphene agglomerates, but it greatly improved the wear properties, with the specific wear rate decreasing by almost 77% at just 1 wt%. Then hybrid nanocomposites of alumina and graphene reinforcements were produced with the aim of optimal tensile and wear properties. The 0.5% graphene +3.5% alumina improved the wear resistance and provided moderate tensile properties; however, the 1% graphene +3% alumina could not increase the wear resistance due to the weakening of graphene plates sticking to the polymer substrate.

Effect of process parameters on mechanical and tribological characteristics of FDM printed glass fiber reinforced PLA composites

PurposeAdditive manufacturing of polymer composites is a transformative technology that leverages the benefits of both composite material and 3D printing to produce highly customizable, lightweight and efficient composites for a wide range of applications.Design/methodology/approachIn this research work, glass fiber-reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) filament is used to print the specimen via fusion deposition modeling process. The process parameters such as infill densities (40%, 50% and 60%) and raster angle/orientations (0°, 45° and 90°) are varied, and the specimens for tensile, flexural, impact, hardness and wear testing are prepared as per their respective ASTM standards.FindingsThe results revealed that with an increase in infill density, the mechanical properties of glass fiber-PLA specimens increase progressively. Optimal tensile properties and flexural properties are obtained at 0° and 90° raster angle orientations and 60% infill density. Minimum wear rate is achieved at 0° raster angle orientation and it increases at 45° and 90° raster angle orientations.Originality/valueUsing SEM, the microscopic analysis of the fractured specimen was analyzed to study the interface between the fibers and matrix and it indicates the presence of good adhesion between the layers at 60% infill density and 0° print orientation.

Improving tensile properties of glass fiber-reinforced epoxy resin composites based on enhanced multiphase structure: The modification of resin systems and glass fibers

Glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites have been widely used as reinforced materials in marine engineering due to their good corrosion resistance and economic benefits. However, the mechanical properties of GFRP are lower than that of composites reinforced by carbon and aramid fibers etc. Methods to improve the mechanical properties of GFRP received ongoing attention. GFRP have various mechanical properties due to the characteristics of its multiple phases. This study developed an optimized processing method based on multiphase structures for GFRP composites, significantly enhancing the tensile properties of GFRP laminates. The modified GFRP can be produced efficiently by this method to meet more utilization situations in marine engineering. The influence of curing agents, silane coupling agents (SCA)-treated glass fibers (GFs), and nanomaterials on GFRP's tensile properties was investigated. The findings reveal a 10.64 % increase in the characteristic load of GF bundles due to the improved bonding between fibers by SCA. Besides, the contact angle between SCA-treated GFs and epoxy resin shows a significant reduction (26.69 %). Variations in ply thickness and resin system distinctly influence the tensile properties and failure modes of GFRP laminates. Laminates with 4-ply GF fabrics facilitate more effective load transfer across the matrix-fiber boundary, yielding optimal tensile properties for GFRP. Epoxy/phenolic amine resin system with more reactive functional groups (-OH) enhances the fiber-resin bonding, further improving the tensile properties of GFRP. The enhancement mechanism of the multiphase structure in GFRP was elucidated by microscale characterization, indicating that the multiphase structures in GFRP, enhanced by SCA, nanomaterials, and functional curing agents, significantly improve its tensile properties.

Improved processability for ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene/polyolefin elastomer composites: Effect of ethylenevinyl acetate copolymer

AbstractPolyolefin elastomer (POE) films can be used as a matrix for ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber‐reinforced composites via a hot‐melt process. However, the low melting temperature of UHMWPE limits composite processing. Therefore, this study aimed to create a film by blending POE with ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) to reduce the film's processing temperature. Morphological analysis revealed that due to limited compatibility, EVA appeared as droplets within the immiscible POE matrix. T‐Peel tests demonstrated increased self‐adhesion in both the POE/EVA films and the fiber‐reinforced composites with higher EVA content. However, the mechanical properties of POE/EVA films, including tensile properties and shore hardness, were reduced due to EVA having lower inherent properties. UHMWPE fiber‐reinforced composites were fabricated from these films. In composites, optimal tensile and flexural properties were observed at lower EVA content. Scanning electron microscopy analysis suggests that the POE/EVA films are sufficiently infiltrated at 10–20 wt% EVA content. As EVA content increased, the drop weight impact test indicated a reduction in the maximum impact load and an increase in impact energy, attributed to improved adhesion and a broader distribution of impact load across the interface.Highlights Polyolefin elastomer/ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene composites' properties were studied with varying ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) additive content. Add EVA to improve film impregnation when forming composites Increase in impregnation affects increase in properties of composites. Characterization shows that the optimal EVA content is 10–20 wt%.

Effect of copper addition on precipitation behaviors and mechanical properties of Mg-Zn-Cu alloys with respect to high zinc

The current work deals with the precipitation behaviors and mechanical properties of the high zinc content of the Mg-Zn-Cu system alloys using gravity casting. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was conducted to describe the solidification process and precipitation behaviors. Thermodynamic calculations were carried out to determine the precipitation conditions using the Thermo-calc software. The microstructures were characterized by an optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), electron probe micro analysis (EPMA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Tensile tests and micro-hardness tests were applied to investigate the mechanical properties. The results substantiated that the MgZnCu phase precipitates in Cu-containing alloys and that the precipitate content, as well as the precipitate temperature, increased with the Cu content from 0 to 3 wt.% according to the thermodynamic calculations and the DSC results. The measured micro-hardness of the alloy was 53.2, 57.9, 55.8, and 52.5 VHN, respectively. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield strength (YS), and elongation (EL) revealed a λ-like trend of the alloys, and Mg-7Zn-1Cu alloy exhibits the optimum tensile properties with the UTS of 258.9 MPa, YS of 126.2 MPa, and the EL of 14.2%.

Effect of Copper/Alumina Hybrid Reinforcement on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Stir Cast Aluminum Alloy AA6063

The present study investigated the microstructural characteristics and mechanical behavior of hybrid composites with an aluminum matrix reinforced with copper and alumina. To prepare these composites, copper and alumina were mixed in varied weight ratios and added to a 10 wt % hybrid reinforced Al-Mg-Si alloy using a two-step stir casting process. The resulting composites were characterized using hardness, tensile properties, and scanning electron microscopy. The findings reveal that composites with Al-90 %/Cu-7.5 %/ Al2O3-2.5 % and Al-90 %/Cu-5 %/ Al2O3-5 % exhibited the optimum mechanical properties, including hardness and tensile properties. The microstructure of all composites showed the presence of copper particles and Al2O3 reinforcement, which were distributed nearly uniformly throughout the metal matrix despite the presence of pores. The EDS profile of a representative composite showed peaks of aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), carbon (C), magnesium (Mg), silicon (Si), oxygen (O), manganese (Mn), and traces of calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), and potassium (K). Based on these results, further investigation could be conducted on the wear and corrosion properties of the aluminum alloy when reinforced with copper and alumina.

Cross-linked poly(ester urethane)/starch composite films with high starch content as sustainable food-packaging materials: Influence of cross-link density

This study focused on the development of cross-linked poly(ester urethane)/starch (PEUST) composites containing 50 wt% starch content for food-packaging materials. The NCO-terminated poly(caprolactone-urethane) prepolymer (PCUP) was first synthesized through bulk condensation. Then, low-moisture starch (0.21 wt%) and PCUP-based PEUST films were fabricated through an intensive extrusion process, followed by thermo-compression molding. The chemical structure of PCUP and PEUST was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Moreover, a comprehensive evaluation was conducted to assess the influence of cross-link density on the physicochemical properties of the composite films. The results showed that an increase in the cross-link density within the composites improved component compatibility and tensile strength but reduced crystallinity, water sensitivity, hydrolytic degradability, and water vapor permeability (WVP) of the films. In addition, the cytotoxicity tests were conducted to evaluate the safety of the composite films, and the high cell viability demonstrated non-toxicity for food application. The PEUST-II films with moderate cross-link density exhibited a suitable degradation rate (27.7 % weight loss at degradation for 140 d), optimal tensile properties (tensile strength at break: 12.4 MPa; elongation at break: 352 %), and low WVP (68.4 g/(m2⋅24h) at 30 % relative humidity). These characteristics make them highly promising as fresh-keeping food packaging.

Characteristics of polypropylene composites filled with palm oil-modified cellulose powder

Hydrophilic cellulose powder was modified with palm oil for hydrophobicity to strengthen the interfacial bonding between cellulose powder and hydrophobic polypropylene (PP). The palm oil-modified cellulose powders with various palm oil contents were analyzed by compatibility test, FTIR spectroscopy and TGA. The IR absorption peak for the ester bridges between cellulose powder and palm oil increased with the palm oil content attached to the cellulose powder. The PP/cellulose (80/20 by weight) composites with the pristine or one of the modified cellulose powders were prepared by melt blending followed by compression molding. The mechanical properties of the composites were measured by an impact and tensile test. The impact strength, elongation at break and water-resistance increased but tensile modulus decreased with the palm oil content. The composite with 4.87 wt.% of the palm oil showed optimum tensile properties. The SEM images showed that the interfacial bonding between the cellulose powders and the PP matrix was strengthened by the modification of the cellulose powder with the palm oil.

Design of lightweight Ti3Zr1.5NbVx refractory high-entropy alloys with superior mechanical properties

Refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) have attracted extensive attention due to their excellent mechanical properties. However, most RHEAs have high density and exhibit poor ductility at room temperature, which greatly limits their applications. In this work, a series of lightweight Ti3Zr1.5NbVx (x = 0, 1 and 2, respectively) RHEAs with high strength and good ductility were designed and prepared using vacuum arc melting. The effects of V content on the microstructure, mechanical properties and deformation mechanism of the as-cast Ti3Zr1.5NbVx RHEAs were investigated in details. The results showed that all the Ti3Zr1.5NbVx RHEAs exhibit a single body-centered cubic (BCC) phase and their densities are less than 6 g/cm3. With the increase of V content, the grain size of the Ti3Zr1.5NbVx RHEAs decreases from 436.1 to 81.2 μm, and the hardness increases from 199.7 to 297.5 HV. The Ti3Zr1.5NbV2 RHEA possesses optimal tensile mechanical properties with the yield strength of 974.0 MPa, fracture elongation of 6.3%, and a specific yield strength of 165.7 MPa cm3/g, better than most previously reported RHEAs. More importantly, the Ti3Zr1.5NbV2 RHEA also exhibits excellent elevated-temperature mechanical properties with yield strength of 770.9 MPa at 600 °C and 243.6 MPa at 800 °C. The deformation mechanism of the Ti3Zr1.5NbV2 RHEA is governed by dislocation slip, including planar slip bands, dislocation loops, and high density dislocation walls. The high strength of the Ti3Zr1.5NbV2 RHEA is mainly attributed to the solid solution strengthening effect, in which Zr and V elements play an important role.

Multi attribute decision making through COPRAS on tensile properties of hybrid fiber metal laminate sandwich structures for aerospace and automotive industries

Fiber metal laminates (FMLs) are made by sandwiching a fiber-reinforced composite between thin layers of metal. FMLs are modern materials utilized in the manufacture of automobiles and aircraft because of their improved mechanical behavior compared to conventional metallic alloys. In the current study, different fabrics, that is, jute (J), glass (G), carbon (C), basalt (B), and aramid (A) were used as reinforcing components for composites that were sandwiched between two aluminum (Al) alloy sheets as a metal component in the proposed FMLs. The effect of hybridizing J-reinforced composite with different declared fabrics on the tensile response of the designed FMLs was experimentally investigated. The proposed FMLs were created using manual lay-up and compression casting techniques. Complex proportional assessment (COPRAS) was adapted to find the best FMLs structure that achieved the optimum tensile properties. The Al/2C/4J/2C/Al and Al/8J/Al structures were ranked first and last, respectively, based on COPRAS results.

Electrical conductivities and sensing mechanisms of low-temperature 3D printing conductive hydrogels with good sensitivity

Flexible strain sensors are core components of wearable strain sensors, and they have attracted much attention because of their applications for electronic skin and monitors of human activity. However, hydrogel-based strain sensors are greatly limited by the trade-offs between mechanical performance, electrical sensing properties and diverse structures. In this paper, we present a facile approach for preparing conductive hydrogels with good mechanical properties, outstanding electrical sensing properties and complex structures. First, a low-temperature 3D printer was designed and fabricated in this laboratory to prepare lignosulfonate/poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels with complex structures. The hydrogels with a 30° angle between adjacent layers showed the best optimal tensile properties. Then, extremely thin and dense silver layers were prepared by reducing silver on their surfaces using a two-step immersion process to obtain electrical sensing functionality. The process of preparing layers of reduced silver was carefully analyzed according to the Lamer model, and the resulting silver layers showed relatively high conductivity of 8571 S/cm. By changing the print path angles of the upper surface, hydrogels were prepared with different sensitivities and strain ranges. The maximum sensitivity and widest strain range were 177.65 and 0–55%, respectively. The corresponding hydrogels showed durable sensing performances in various tensile strain and long-term cyclic loading and relaxation tests. The sensing mechanisms of the hydrogels were the opening and closing of microcracks in the silver layers located in the print paths and the gaps between adjacent print paths. The sensors composed of conductive hydrogels successfully detected subtle vibrations in strains and various human activities, indicating their great potential for applications in monitors for human health and soft robotics.

Microstructure and creep properties of cast hypereutectic Al-11Ce alloy with Si addition

This study systematically investigated the as-cast microstructure, heat and creep- resistance of Al-11Ce-xSi (x = 0, 0.9, 1.7 wt%) alloys. A tetragonal AlCeSi intermetallic compound was formed by adding Si. With the increase of Si content, the Chinese-script Al11Ce3/α-Al eutectics changed to rod-like structure and were gradually replaced by broad flaky AlCeSi/α-Al eutectics. The Al-11Ce alloy containing 0.9 wt% Si possessed the optimal tensile properties with an ultimate tensile strength of 129.2 MPa and an elongation of 4.3%, which were 8.4% and 65.4% higher than that of the based alloy, respectively. After aging at 400 ℃ for 1008 h, the microhardness of Si-containing alloys remained unchanged, indicating excellent coarsening resistance of the strengthening AlCeSi phases. Under tensile creep conditions at 300 ℃, the creep deformation of three alloys was the dislocation creep mechanism. Nevertheless, with the addition of 1.7 wt% Si, the steady-state strain rate of Al-11Ce alloy was decreased to 1/3 of its original value. The enhanced creep resistance was mainly attributed to the relatively high volume fraction of intermetallic phase, the reduced volume fraction of coarse primary phase, and the presence of AlCeSi precipitates that effectively hinder dislocations motion.

Effect of double annealing treatments on Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al alloy by directed energy deposition

In order to improve the mechanical property of Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al (TB6) metastable β titanium alloy made by directed energy deposition (DED) technique, a group of double annealing treatments were designed. The microstructure and mechanical properties changing after every heat treatment step were systematically investigated. Compared with the traditional solution and aging heat treatment, a microstructure of the fork-like primary α phase (αp) and plate-like secondary α phase (αs) were observed after the new-designed double annealing treatment which the first annealing temperature was below β-transus with the ductility of the alloy increased significantly with slight strength reduction. The optimal tensile properties were obtained by the double annealing treatment with the first annealing temperature above β-transus (820 °C/2 h, AC + 520 °C/8 h, AC).

Effect of kenaf fiber loading on the tensile properties of 3D printing PLA filament

As know Polylactic acid (PLA) is a popular and widely used thermoplastic material used in fused filament fabrication (FDM) due to its biodegradability and biocompatibility. As PLA was identified as a brittle material, reinforcement was used to enhance the properties of the PLA. This paper aims to study the effect of using various kenaf volume ratios on the tensile properties of the 2003D PLA filament for 3D printing. The study began by extruding 2003D grade PLA pellet from Ingeo NatureWorks into a single filament extruder machine with an extrusion temperature of 190 °C and a screw rate of 7 rpm. The 90° raster angle of line infill pattern with 100 % infill density were used for the 3D printing specimens. Mechanical test standards such as ASTM D638, was used for tensile testing to analyse the quality of the extruded PLA single filament. As result, the with kenaf fibre loading of 15 % shows the optimum tensile properties among the filler loading, hence it is proven that the tensile properties of the was indeed being enhanced by the additional of the kenaf fibre as reinforcement.

A STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF FIBER CONTENT AND FIBER ORIENTATION ON THE TENSILE STRENGTH OF GLASS FIBER REINFORCED EPOXY COMPOSITE FOR PIPE PRODUCTION: A STATISTICAL APPROACH

This study was aimed at optimizing the development parameters of a glass fiber reinforced epoxy composite for pipeline application. In this study, the Taguchi experimental design technique was applied to determine the best combination of process parameters (fiber content and orientation) for optimum tensile strength. The optimum tensile strength of 209.65MPa was reported at the fiber content of 50% and Fiber orientation of 45º. Analysis of variance also showed that in optimizing for high tensile strength, the glass fiber content and the fiber orientation are significant factors. The material at optimum tensile properties was applied in the simulation of the behavior of a high-pressured gas pipeline and results proved the reliability of the material in such application.

Effects of Styrene Butadiene rubber on the properties of Normal Concrete

This work titled “examining the effects of Styrene butadiene rubber latex on properties of normal concrete” is aimed at exploring the potential in the use of SBR latex in concrete to investigate how different properties of concrete can be improved. Styrene Butadiene Rubber Latex with brand name “Top Shield” was added by virtue of volume of cement in the concrete mix in percentages of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%. A total of 135 samples consisting of 45 pieces of 150mm*150mm*150mm cubes, 45 samples 100*100*500mm beams and 45 pieces of 200mm*10mm diameter cyl-inders were cast. A concrete mix design using ACI was used targeting a strength of 25N/mm2 and a mix ratio of 1:2.4:2.6 was used at a constant water cement ratio of 0.44 adopted. Samples were cured for 3, 7, 28 days. Samples were tested to investigate different properties of concrete test through slump, compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength, water absorption, ultrasonic pulse velocity and scanning electron microscopy tests were conducted on the samples. Regression analysis of result was conducted using excel multiple regression tool and mathematical formulae were developed to help field workers and researchers forecast the degree of certain properties of interest and to determine how each variable affect the end result. Results showed positive improvement in all properties tested for. Preliminary quality control tests were carried out on the respective ingredients of concrete to determine their suitability with reference to ASTM Standard. The study recommended that further research should consider the use of a higher percentage of SBR latex to find the optimum compressive and tensile properties of the concrete.

Tensile Properties and Wear Resistance of Mg Alloy Containing High Si as Implant Materials

Magnesium alloy has been considered as one of the third-generation biomaterials for the regeneration and support of functional bone tissue. As a regeneration implant material with great potential applications, in-situ Mg2Si phase reinforced Mg-6Zn cast alloy was comprehensively studied and expected to possess excellent mechanical properties via the refining and modifying of Mg2Si reinforcements. The present study demonstrates that the primary and eutectic Mg2Si phase can be greatly modified by the yttrium (Y) addition. The size of the primary Mg2Si phases can be reduced to ~20 μm with an addition of 0.5 wt.% Y. This phenomenon is mainly attributed to the poisoning effect of the Y element. Moreover, wear resistance and tensile properties of the ternary alloy have also been improved by the Y addition. Mg-6Zn-4Si-0.5Y alloy exhibits optimal tensile properties and wears resistance. The ultimate tensile strength and the elongation of the alloy with 0.5 wt.% Y are 50% and 65% higher than those of the ternary alloy, respectively. Excessive Y addition (1.0 wt.%) deteriorates the tensile properties of Mg-Zn-Si alloy. The improvement of the tensile properties is mainly due to the modification of primary and eutectic Mg2Si phases as well as the solid solution strengthening of the Y atoms. This study provides a certain implication for the application of Mg-Zn-Si alloys containing Y elements as regeneration implants.

Effect of La/Nd ratio on precipitation kinetics and tensile properties of squeeze-cast Mg-Al-Zn-La-Nd alloys

The current study investigated the effect of adding La and Nd on the precipitation kinetics and tensile properties of AZ91 magnesium alloy. Mg-Al-Zn-La-Nd alloys with different W La /W Nd ratios were developed by squeeze casting. Typical characterization was conducted using optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy to analyze the effect of W La /W Nd on the aging behavior of Mg-Al-Zn-La-Nd alloys. Thermal analysis, Vickers hardness and tensile properties were measured using the differential scanning calorimetry, optical hardness tester and universal testing machine. The results show that the addition of RE increases the diffusion resistance of Al atoms in the matrix and increases the time interval to peak aging. The precipitation activation energy and tensile properties of Mg-Al-Zn-La-Nd alloys increase with the increase of W La /W Nd . The optimal tensile properties are obtained in the alloy with a W La /W Nd of 3/2. The co-addition of La and Nd increases the precipitation activation energy and atom diffusion resistance of the AZ91 alloy. The precipitation behavior of AZ91 alloy with the addition of rare earth elements is slower than that of AZ91 alloy.

Optimal tensile properties of laser powder bed fusion hereditary basket-weave microstructure in additive manufactured Ti6Al4V

Post-heat treatments applied to laser powder bed fusion ( L -PBF) additive manufactured (AM) Ti6Al4V components aim to achieve good strength-ductility matching through tailoring microstructures, including microstructural features that span across length scales, such as prior β phase grains, laths and precipitates. The effects of initial prior β microstructure and subsequent solution treatment and aging (STA) on mechanical properties have been investigated. In all cases, the increase of solution temperature and aging treatment improve the strength due to solution-strengthening and precipitation-strengthening. It is confirmed that the L -PBF hereditary basket-weave microstructure possesses better tensile properties than other microstructures, with an ultimate tensile strength of 1185 ± 6 MPa and an elongation of 15.3 ± 0.3%. The optimal tensile properties stem from the fine structured primary α and transformed β phases in the retained L -PBF prior β grains, which are both beneficial to improving the work-hardening capacity, as well as enhancing the resistance to crack initiation and propagation. This finding can guide the optimization of mechanical properties for the L -PBF additive manufactured Ti6Al4V components. • Multi-heat treatments in single-phase region and dual-phase region are performed. • Retained L -PBF characteristics possess optimal tensile properties. • Fine structures contribute to good performance in the work hardening. • Fine structures enhance the resistance to crack initiation and propagation.

Extruded polymer instability study of the polylactic acid in fused filament fabrication process: Printing speed effects on tensile strength

AbstractIn recent years, additive manufacturing (AM) processes have allowed the building of complex parts and objects with favorable geometric shapes without the need for fabricating special tools. In AM, objects are built layer by layer. Advantages include the possibility of forming complex shapes, reduced waste, no special requirements, and so forth. A critical parameter to consider in AM technologies is the processing (printing) speed, which, if increased, can reduce production (printing) time and expenses. Thus, speeding up the production time in AM has always been paramount. In recent years, fused filament fabrication (FFF) has been extensively developed due to straightforward processing, reliability, and ability to build complex objects and parts from thermoplastic materials. In addition to simplicity, this method has some shortcomings, including low printing speed and instability during the rasters deposition when speeding up the printing process, which is investigated in this study. The results showed that the nozzle height from the work‐piece surface and nozzle diameter play a critical role in the process instability. Additionally, there is a critical limit in the formation of molten instability independent of the printing speed. Furthermore, the effect of printing speed on tensile strength was investigated. The results showed that optimizing the nozzle temperature and the extra extrusion multiplier allows printing a high‐quality part having optimum tensile and mechanical properties by the maximum printing speed.