Optimization Of Transport Processes Research Articles

ПРОЄКТУВАННЯ БАГАТОПРОДУКТОВИХ ТРАНСПОРТНИХ МЕРЕЖ З ДИСКРЕТНИМИ ПОТОКАМИ МАГІСТРАЛЬНИХ ДАННИХ

The article considers the importance of transport and communication as key sectors for the development of the economy of Ukraine, as well as the need to create applied mathematical software for the optimization of transport processes and the development of information and analytical systems. Special attention is paid to the development and study of multi-product communication networks with discrete flows of small consignments, which have a significant impact on market transformations in Ukraine, especially in the field of transportation of small consignments. The study focuses on modern and future communication networks, which, as a rule, have a multi-level structure determined by the administrative division of the territory, management hierarchy and technologies for the processing and distribution of goods and information. The authors of the article emphasize the need to design multi-level communication networks, which would take into account the complexity of the system, as well as the impossibility of complete centralization of information processing and management in one link. The article also focuses on the analysis of existing research and publications in this field, paying attention to the contribution of foreign and domestic scientists to the development of models and methods of network resource management. Most research focuses on deterministic models and models based on the mathematical foundations of mass service theories and random Markov processes. The authors indicate the inadequacy of the existing mathematical tools for modeling and analyzing the functioning of multi-product networks with discrete flows, which requires the development of new mathematical models and methods.The purpose of the research is the development and analysis of effective approaches to the design of multi-tracks pipeline transport networks with a special focus on discrete trunk data flows. The authors note that this includes the development of new approaches and methods for effective management and optimization of resource allocation, as well as modeling the specifics of discrete flows in the context of trunk transport systems. An important part of the research is the creation of a hierarchical system structure for automated resource management and flow distribution in large-scale networks. The authors emphasize the need to develop a methodology that integrates already existing achievements in this field and allows to effectively solve practical problems related to long-term development, ongoing planning and operational management in large-scale networks. Such a methodology should include models of different levels of aggregation and be suitable for all levels of the network’s hierarchical structure. The study also includes consideration of mathematical models and algorithms for modeling and analyzing the functioning of multi-product networks with discrete flows.

Analysis and evaluation of selected transport processes in the Armed Forces

The article refers to the analysis of selected transport processes based on an example military unit specializing in anti-aircraft defence and destroying enemy firepower, command points, field fortifications and logistics. The first part presents an analysis of the literature on transport processes and specifications of military transport in the Armed Forces. Then, the characteristics of the examined military unit, its structure and the tasks of the fire squadrons and other subunits of the regiment were presented. The next part of the article consists of two subsections and focuses on the task assigned to the studied military unit, i.e. optimization of transport processes. An analysis of the transport of a selected range of munitions was presented, two different transport variants were calculated and conclusions and recommendations were presented.

EVALUATION OF INNOVATIVE TRANSPORT TECHNOLOGIES FOR SEPARATE COLLECTION OF SOLID MUNICIPAL WASTE

The article discusses the assessment of innovative transport technologies for the separate collection of municipal solid waste (MSW). It was revealed that the processes associated with the separate collection and removal of municipal solid waste need to be implemented innovative solutions that will optimize these processes and significantly reduce costs. Therefore, a scheme was proposed with the introduction of a garbage truck with the possibility of separate collection of waste and the installation of sensors that monitor the filling of containers for collecting municipal solid waste.
 Purpose. Development of an effective scheme for organizing the movement of garbage vehicles and optimization of transport processes for the separate collection of MSW through the introduction of innovative transport technologies.
 Methodology in article economic-mathematical methods, and also statistical methods were used.
 Results. The most informative parameters have been obtained, showing some features for identifying solutions that allow increasing the volume of the solid food waste collection process.
 Practical implications it is expedient to apply the received results the economic subjects which are carrying out foreign economic activity, one of which elements are export operations.

Multi-Objective Optimization of Transport Processes on Complex Networks

Transport processes are universal in real-world complex networks, such as communication and transportation networks. As the increase of transport demands in these complex networks, the problems of traffic congestion and transport delay become more and more serious, which call for a systematic network transport optimization. However, it is pretty challenging to improve transport capacity and efficiency simultaneously, since they are often contradictory in that improving one degenerates the other. In this paper, we formulate a multi-objective optimization problem including two objectives: maximizing the transport capacity and minimizing the average number of hops. In this problem, we explore the optimal edge weight assignments and the associated routing paths, corresponding to the optimal trade-off between the two objectives. To solve this problem, we provide a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm, namely network centrality guided multi-objective particle swarm optimization (NC-MOPSO). Specifically, within the framework of MOPSO, we propose a hybrid population initialization mechanism and a local search strategy by employing the network centrality theory to enhance the quality of initial solutions and strengthen the exploration of the search space, respectively. Simulation experiments performed on network models and real networks show that our algorithm has better performance than five state-of-the-art alternatives on several most-used metrics.

Traffic Capacity Assessment of the Selected Track Section on the Slovak Railways Network after the Implementation of ETCS L3 Based on Signaling Principle

In the field of railway operation, it is essential to establish uniform conditions for interconnectivity requirements and compatibility of equipment in the Pan-European railway area to ensure effective interoperability. It also includes, for example, the introduction of a control system with modern and advanced interlocking systems (safety devices). The European Train Control System (ETCS) is a single European train protection system that will increase safety in rail transport. Nevertheless, this system may have an impact on the throughput on those railway lines where it is applied. The main research objective is to determine the impacts and effects of the configuration of track signaling equipment on the operational management of traffic and especially on the creation of a traffic plan. The optimization of transport processes on the railway infrastructure means creating the conditions for achieving higher throughput performance, especially including a higher number of train paths into the train traffic diagram. This paper examines and compares the impacts of ETCS and its levels (in particular ETCS L3) on the practical throughput of the selected national infrastructure manager. A heuristic procedure is used with the application of the analytical methodology of the Railways of the Slovak Republic (ŽSR), which uses the principles of mathematical statistics and probability. Significant comparative indicators are occupancy times and the degree of utilization of practical throughput. These are used in investment decisions in the modernization of line sections to achieve interoperability of the railway system.

Optimization of transport processes in supply chains of epicenter hypermarket network

Negative changes in the environment, leading to public pressure and environmental legislation require fundamental changes in the industrial practice of business. Survey of the environment in 22 countries found that: in half of the countries surveyed, the environment is considered to be one of the three most serious problems of concern to society. In most countries, the overwhelming number of citizens surveyed indicated that the state of the environment had an impact on their health, and an even larger proportion stated that the environment had an impact on the health of their children. The article deals with the problem of increasing the level of environmental friendliness of transportation in supply chains. With the modern requirements in the integrated green supply chain, the reduction of the harmful impact of production and logistics activities on nature should be considered at all stages of the technological cycle of product development and its promotion through the supply chain. It is determined that the key technologies for reducing the anthropogenic impact on the environment are the optimization of transport processes due to the reduction of distance during transportation at all stages of the supply chain; the increase in the use of local resources (reducing fuel costs and harmful emissions); the use of modern environmentally friendly energy-efficient vehicles. The basic principles and approaches of the consolidated cargo transportation model have been substantiated, which balances environmental and economic problems and their testing has been carried out in the supply chain of the Epicenter hypermarket chain

Implementing a decision support system in the transport process management of a small Slovak transport company

It is indisputable that the continuous development of digital technologies influences the business environment. Using information technologies means easier access to a huge amount of business information, which is hard to include in day-to-day decision-making. Traditional data processing methods in business management become inadequate. So, business process management approaches and business data analysis are the tools that could be utilized to optimize processes in a company and to harvest valuable information that can provide a variety of decision-making material for company management. This article deals with the analysis, modeling, and optimization of the transport process, as well as the design of a system for decision support in this process within a small transport company. The research is focused on the development of an innovative decision support system based on a company’s data analysis in order to improve the management of the transport service process.

Phosphate Removal Through Nano-Zero-Valent Iron Permeable Reactive Barrier; Column Experiment and Reactive Solute Transport Modeling

This study investigates the efficacy of nano-zero-valent iron (nZVI) permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) as an in situ phosphate removal method. Batch equilibrium experiments were conducted to determine maximum adsorption capacity of nano-iron particles for phosphate to be 54.34 mg-P/g-Fe. Short-term experiment was performed for a period of a month through three sandy soil columns with different configurations of nZVI reactive layers. Initial concentration of 25 (PO4–P) mg/L was introduced to the columns, while effluent samples were collected for analysis. Numerical model was developed to simulate the 1-D advective–dispersive reactive transport of phosphate through the porous media in the three columns. Sensitivity analysis of model parameters was performed, expressed by the change in the effluent concentration with respect to variation in the value of model critical parameters. Optimization of transport process in columns was based on minimizing the sum of squared error values between measured and predicted effluent concentration. Phosphate breakthrough curves implied that Column 2 (C2) with two reactive layers showed a slight better performance in phosphate removal than Column 1 (C1) with maximum efficiency of 98.9% after only 17 h from the beginning of the experiment, whereas phosphate concentration in Column 3 (C3) reached the full saturation by the 9th day. The model verification with experimental data showed a reasonable agreement with a correlation coefficient (R2) ranging from 0.97 to 0.99. The results in this study confirmed that such presented model can be used for the promotion of the preliminary design of PRBs.

Adjoint-based error control for the simulation and optimization of gas and water supply networks

In this work, the simulation and optimization of transport processes through gas and water supply networks is considered. Those networks mainly consist of pipes as well as other components like valves, tanks and compressor/pumping stations. These components are modeled via algebraic equations or ODEs while the flow of gas/water through pipelines is described by a hierarchy of models starting from a hyperbolic system of PDEs down to algebraic equations. We present a consistent modeling of the network and derive adjoint equations for the whole system including initial, coupling and boundary conditions. These equations are suitable to compute gradients for optimization tasks but can also be used to estimate the accuracy of models and the discretization with respect to a given cost functional. With these error estimators we present an algorithm that automatically steers the discretization and the models used to maintain a given accuracy. We show numerical experiments for the simulation algorithm as well as the applicability in an optimization framework.

Data collecting system of condition box units of rolling stock

The growth of speeds of train service, increase of the axle load, prolongation of terms between planned inspections, optimization of transportation process, reduction of the number of serviced line stations make it necessary to control the condition of a rolling stock by technical means and aim to improve transport safety. Therefore, the creation of a diagnostic system to control the condition of the box units of the railway transport is important. The article provides the classification of defects of the box units. A block diagram of the system for collection of information on the state of boxes of the rolling stock was suggested. The application of the diagnostic systems on line rail stations was justified. The control of condition of box units should not be done at a depot or at railway stations, but continuously during operation. The diagnostics during the operation will permit to analyze quickly the technical condition of the boxes. The diagnostic systems should meet further requirements: the non-contact control; the operating time of equipment should match the speed of the passage of the rolling stock; data on the condition of box units must be sent to the nearest line station.

Optimization of transport processes in etched track-based biosensors

A diffusion calculation was performed to simulate the migration kinetics of both analytes and enzymatic reaction products in enzyme-clad nanopores of different sizes and shapes, to estimate the limits of detection, response time and cleaning time of such biosensors, via the maximum possible reaction product enrichment in such pores and the time required for saturation of the corresponding concentration distributions. From this, conclusions concerning the optimum biosensor dimensions are derived.

Clarification of a term transport chain

Clarification of a term transport chain

Gas-Phase Transport and Redeposition of Nano- and Micro-Particulates During Laser Cleaning from Solid Substrates

Theoretical modeling and experimental studies were performed to investigate basic processes underlying transport of model submicron spherical particles in still air and thin liquid layers of variable thickness after their laser-assisted detachment from dry and 2-propanol–dosed Si surfaces. Viscous drag and diffusive Brownian motion were found to mostly affect transport of nano- and micro-particles removed from solid substrates in the used or other viscous media removed by laser cleaning, resulting in their undesirable redeposition. A crucial parameter of particle transport—lift-off distances—has been experimentally measured as a function of laser fluence for these particles using thin 2-propanol layers, and the distances can be scaled for other viscous media accounting for their corresponding viscosities. Experimental and theoretical results of this work can be related to optimization of transport processes in laser cleaning and laser-induced forward transfer applications for nano- and micro-features of arbitrary shapes.