Transmission Parameter Optimization Research Articles

An Analysis of and Improvements in the Gear Conditions of the Automated Mechanical Transmission of a Battery Electric Vehicle Considering Energy Consumption and Power Performance

The design of the gear quantity and transmission parameters of a vehicle has large effects on its economical and power performance. This paper mainly researches the gear conditions (including the gear quantity and each gear’s transmission parameters) of two-gear and three-gear AMT (Automated Mechanical Transmission). This research uses Cruise software to build a multi-gear simulation model of a BEV (Battery Electric Vehicle) and adopts the LHS (Latin hypercube sampling) method to design an experiment plan and conduct a simulation experiment. This paper proposes a systematic method for influencing factor analyses and the optimization of transmission parameters, combining fuzzy theory, multiple regression, and particle swarm optimization. The research results show that the gear quantity allowing for optimal overall performance is three. The highest score obtained in the results of the simulation experiment for three-gear AMT is 11.15% higher than that of the two-gear AMT. The optimal design plan for the two-gear AMT is a small ig1 with a big k1, in which case the highest score of the regression model increases by 2.67% compared with that before modeling. The optimal design plan for the three-gear AMT is a big k1 with a big k2, in which case the highest score of the regression model increases by 12.78% compared with that before modeling. Then, this research uses PSO (particle swarm optimization) to further optimize the regression models and compares the difference between the highest scores in the results of the simulation experiment. The difference between the highest scores of the three-gear and two-gear AMT further increases to 21.95% after optimization. As shown in the results, the key factor influencing the performance of two-gear and three-gear AMT is gear quantity.

High nonlinearity of BEV's stepped automatic transmission design objectives and its optimal solution by a novel ISA-RSA

The battery electric vehicle's (BEV's) stepped automatic transmission (SAT) has a significant influence on the power and economic performance of the new-energy vehicle system dynamics. The SAT entails a complex design process, where the transmission ratio parameter and the control strategy are interactively coupled, causing a difficulty in achieving a globally optimal solution. The actual design process involves multiple design objectives and incurs high design costs. The purpose of this study is to explore the variation characteristics of the design objectives of BEV's SAT and propose a transmission parameter optimization design method with reduced design costs. The paper investigates the interactive coupling property of the transmission ratio parameter and the control strategy, analyzing the high nonlinearity of SAT design objectives using the example of two-gear transmission. It proposes a design method that combines a heuristic optimization algorithm and an estimation model (Method Ⅲ), and a design method that utilizes an improved simulated annealing algorithm and a region search algorithm (ISA-RSA, Method Ⅳ). These methods are compared with a design method based on combination tests using the traversing method (Method Ⅰ) and a design method based on the heuristic optimization algorithm (Method Ⅱ). The results indicate that Method I incurs high design costs with limited effectiveness, while Method II exhibits unstable economic performance and integrated design objectives with fluctuations. Method III is highly dependent on the accuracy of the estimated model and performs poorly in optimizing acceleration time. However, Method Ⅳ, with low design costs, demonstrates remarkable optimization ability to solve high nonlinearity problems and exhibits a high probability of converging to the area near the globally optimal solution. This paper also aims to provide a direct solution to high design cost and highly nonlinear design objective problems in other engineering fields.

Introduction to the ONDM 2021 special issue

This JOCN special issue contains extended versions of selected papers presented at the 25th International Conference on Optical Network Design and Modeling (ONDM 2021), which took place virtually from 28 June through 1 July 2021. The topics covered by the papers represent clear trends in current optical networking research, including capacity upgrade through transmission parameter optimization in multiband systems, spectral efficiency improvement through probabilistic constellation shaping in Flex Grid/multicore fiber networks, novel point-to-multipoint optical architectures based on digital subcarrier multiplexing that enable a rethink of multilayer network design, and trustworthy inter-operator sharing of passive optical network capacity based on a smart contract.

Method for determining the optimal parameters of the chain transmission, taking into account the design of the drive chain

Goal . Develop the design of the drive plate chain and methods for determining the optimal parameters of the chain transmission. Methods. Analysis of the designs of standard drive bushing and roller chains, as well as the drive plate chain with internal engagement. Determination of ways to increase the durability of these chains and chain gears from the condition of ensuring the wear resistance of their hinges and increasing their technical and economic indicators. Results . The analysis of designs of standard drive bushing-roller chains and drive plate chains with internal gearing is performed. A promising design of the drive plate chain has been developed. The optimization of transmission parameters, both with standard chains, and with the chain proposed by the authors, providing an increase in their durability and efficiency. In this regard, a method has been developed for determining the greatest elongation of standard chain links, as well as the chain developed by the authors, from the condition of wear resistance of their hinges. A method for determining the optimal transmission ratio of these chain gears has also been developed. It is established that the gear ratio of the transmission with the drive plate chain developed by the authors is determined primarily by the accuracy of manufacturing its hinges. With sufficiently precise manufacturing of chain hinge parts, the gear ratio can be significantly increased, up to u=10 and higher. This will allow you to use gears equipped with this chain in drives with a large gear ratio.

Intelligent Dynamic Spectrum Resource Management Based on Sensing Data in Space-Time and Frequency Domain.

Edge computing offers a promising paradigm for implementing the industrial Internet of things (IIoT) by offloading intensive computing tasks from resource constrained machine type devices to powerful edge servers. However, efficient spectrum resource management is required to meet the quality of service requirements of various applications, taking into account the limited spectrum resources, batteries, and the characteristics of available spectrum fluctuations. Therefore, this study proposes intelligent dynamic spectrum resource management consisting of learning engines that select optimal backup channels based on history data, reasoning engines that infer idle channels based on backup channel lists, and transmission parameter optimization engines based genetic algorithm using interference analysis in time, space and frequency domains. The performance of the proposed intelligent dynamic spectrum resource management was evaluated in terms of the spectrum efficiency, number of spectrum handoff, latency, energy consumption, and link maintenance probability according to the backup channel selection technique and the number of IoT devices and the use of transmission parameters optimized for each traffic environment. The results demonstrate that the proposed method is superior to existing spectrum resource management functions.

Self-adaptive salp swarm algorithm for engineering optimization problems

Salp swarm algorithm is a recent introduction in the field of swarm intelligent algorithms and has proved its worth over various research domains. Though it is a competitive algorithm but it has been found that salp swarm algorithm suffers from various problems including poor exploitation, slow convergence and unbalanced exploration and exploitation operation. In present work, four major modifications have been added to salp swarm algorithm in order to make it self-adaptive and the proposed algorithm has been named as adaptive salp swarm algorithm. The modifications include division of generations and logarithmic adaptive parameters to control the extent of exploration and exploitation, enhanced exploitation phase to improve the local search and linearly decreasing population adaptation to reduce the total number of function evaluations. The performance of the proposed algorithm is tested on benchmark problems and further applied for optimization of transmission parameters in cognitive radio system. From the experimental results, it has been found that the proposed adaptive salp swarm algorithm is highly competitive and provides better results when compared with bat algorithm, grey wolf optimization, teacher learning based algorithm, dragonfly algorithm and others. Convergence profiles and statistical tests further validate the results.

A new non-geometric transmission parameter optimization design method for HMCVT based on improved GA and maximum transmission efficiency

The HMCVT (Hydro-Mechanical Continuous Variable Transmission) can realize continuously variable speed in a large range and transmit a large load torque, and thus it is very applicable to engineering vehicles, such as the tractor. This paper proposes a new transmission parameter optimization design method for HMCVT in order to enhance the practicability of the HMCVT, improve its transmission efficiency, realize the fast determination of HMCVT transmission parameters, and allow HMCVT to meet the work requirements of engineering vehicles like the tractor. Specifically, this paper first conducts a characteristic analysis of a certain model of HMCVT. Then, according to the operation requirements of the tractor and the driving characteristic continuity of the HMCVT, the improved design of the transmission scheme, the maximization of working efficiency, and the most proper positions of junction points of variable speed stages, this paper puts forward an HMCVT transmission parameter optimization design model. This paper uses the GA (genetic algorithm) to implement the transmission parameter optimization, and improves the GA to obtain a higher algorithm running speed and accuracy. The improvement in GA primarily includes avoiding the super individual in the initial population, the adaptive changes of the population size in the iteration process, and the adaptive changes of crossover probability and mutation probability. The research results demonstrate that the improved GA has a faster rate of convergence and better optimization accuracy. The new proposed optimization design method can design HMCVT transmission parameters flexibly, efficiently, and quickly, as expected. The HMCVT with optimized transmission parameters exhibits driving characteristics that meet the working requirements of the tractor, significantly improves working efficiency, and offers theoretical guidance and a basis of design for the determination of the proper positions of junction points of variable speed stages.

Optymalizacja parametrów transmisji obrazu na potrzeby systemu monitorowania PZR

Optymalizacja parametrów transmisji obrazu na potrzeby systemu monitorowania PZR

Transmission parameters optimization and receiver architectures for DVB‐S2X systems

SummaryThe second‐generation specification of the digital video broadcasting for satellite (DVB‐S2) was developed in 2003 with the aim of improving the existent broadcasting standard DVB‐S. The main new features introduced by DVB‐S2 included increased baud rates, higher cardinality constellations (up to 32 points), and more efficient binary codes. The extension to DVB‐S2, approved in 2014 with the name DVB‐S2X, together with continuous technological evolution, moves further steps in this direction, with the use of constellations with cardinality up to 256 points, improved granularity of modulation and coding schemes, and the possibility to increase the baud rate. In this scenario, it is important to be able to ascertain what is the best transceiver structure, starting from the choice of the shaping pulse and the baud rate of the transmitted signals and ending with the most promising receiver architectures, with the aim of maximizing the spectral efficiency. In this paper, we will discuss some of the aspects of this investigation, namely, the optimization of transmission parameters and the description of an efficient receiver. We will then assess the performance of the proposed scheme in comparison with a classical DVB‐S2 architecture. Some synchronization aspects will also be discussed, to account for the impairments introduced by the channel. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A Multiple Objective Fitness Function Design Scheme for GA-Based Cognitive Engines

In this paper, we propose a multiple objective fitness function for cognitive engines by using the genetic algorithm (GA). Specifically, we propose four single objective fitness functions, and finally, we propose a multiple objective fitness function based on the single objective fitness functions for transmission parameter optimization. Numerical results demonstrate that we can obtain transmission parameter sets optimized for given transmission scenarios with the GA-based cognitive engine incorporating the proposed objective fitness function.

Parameter design and performance analysis of zero inertia continuously variable transmission system

In order to solve the problem of weak power performance of vehicle equipped with continuously variable transmission (CVT) system working under transient operating conditions, a new CVT equipped with planetary gear mechanism and flywheel was researched, a design method of transmission parameter optimization was proposed, and the comprehensive matching control strategy was established for the new transmission system. Fuzzy controllers for throttle opening and CVT speed ratio were designed, and power performance and fuel economy of both vehicles respectively equipped with conventional CVT system and new transmission system wrere compared and analyzed by simulation. The results show that power performance and fuel economy of the vehicle equipped with new transmission system are better than that equipped with conventional CVT, thus the rationality of the parameter design method and control algorithm are verified.

동적 스펙트럼 접근을 위한 유전자 알고리즘 기반 전송 매개변수 최적화 기법

본 논문에서는 동적 스펙트럼 접근을 위한 유전자 알고리즘 기반 전송 매개변수 최적화 기법을 제안한다. 구체적으로는 전송 매개변수 최적화를 위해 다목적 적합도 함수를 단일 목적 적합도 함수들의 가중합으로 표현하고, 유전자 알고리즘을 이용하여 주어진 전송 시나리오에 최적화된 전송 매개변수 값을 얻는다. 모의실험을 통하여 제안한 다목적 적합도 함수를 이용하여 주어진 시나리오에 따라 전송 매개변수를 최적화한 결과를 보인다. In this paper, we propose a transmission parameter optimization scheme based on genetic algorithm for dynamic spectrum access systems. Specifically, we represent a multiple objective fitness function as a weighted sum of single objective fitness functions to optimize transmission parameters, and then, obtain optimized transmission parameters based on genetic algorithm for given transmission scenarios. From numerical results, we confirm that the transmission parameters are well optimized by using the proposed optimization scheme.

Design of Transmission System Optimization Software for Off-Road Vehicle

Based on a technique of mixed programming with MATLAB and C#, the transmission parameters optimization software was developed to improve the power performance of off-road vehicle. The power loss rate and the starting acceleration time were chosen as objective function, and the requirements of the vehicle performance and the gearbox ratio interval was used as constraint conditions. The result of verification example showed that both objective function values are reduced after optimization and the effect of optimization with power loss rate is more significant.

Transmission Parameters Optimization Design and Load Factor Formula Fitting of WN Gears Drive

The research is to solve nonlinear constrained optimization problems by the method of sequence quadratic programming (SQP) in MATLAB optimization toolbox and mathematical programming theory. This paper taking the high strength of WN gears drive as design target and the WN gears drive optimization design model of actual project is put forward by the concrete examples which are widely used in modern machine of the high speed and heavy load WN gears drive. Using the optimization design model to analyze the relationship about gear drive parameters on contact and bending fatigue strength. This research adopts the formula fitting design method not only improved design efficiency but also provided application foundation for CAD design of WN gears driving.

Failure Analysis and Transmission Parameters Optimization Design of WN Gears Drive

This paper taking the high strength of WN gears drive as target, which makes the WN gear device has light weight and compact size. The WN gears drive optimization design model of actual project is put forward by multiple-factor comprehensive failure analysis. The research is to solve nonlinear constrained optimization problems by the method of sequence quadratic programming (SQP) in MATLAB optimization toolbox. Using the optimization program of engineering design examples to analyze the relationship about gear drive parameters on contact and bending fatigue strength, thus the engineering design method of the WN gears drive is improved. This research not only achieved the optimization design of WN gears drive, but also revealed that the interactions between transmission parameters and strength design of the gear, which improved design efficiency and provided application foundation for CAD design of WN gears driving.

Outer Mesh and "Two Teeth Difference" Planetary Gear Transmission Parameter Optimization Design

Based on the structure and failure features of a new type of outer mesh and “two teeth difference” planetary gear transmission, a optimize method for the gear’s parameters is pointed out avoid of structure failure. The modification coefficients of the gear pairs are obtained through optimization design, so the sliding coefficient for the driving gear, driven gear and planetary gear tending to be equal. The relative slide between gears is reduced, and the working life of the structure is increased greatly.

Premature Cardiac Contractions Produced Efficiently By External High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound

Exposure of myocardium to a mechanical impact may produce premature ventricular contractions (PVCs). High-intensity focused ultrasound was reported to generate PVCs, while microbubbles at the target increased absorption, thus, promoting energy localization and decreased PVC threshold. The objective was to investigate the benefit of a two-stage ultrasonic transmission: (1) asymmetric mostly negative waveform at the focus (microbubbles generation) and (2) asymmetric mostly positive waveform at the microbubbles (impact generation). Optimization of transmission parameters was performed by measuring passive cavitation and attenuation. In vivo intact rat studies were performed while measuring electrocardiograph (ECG) and blood pressure. Most PVCs with blood injection were created while applying 3.06 MPa peak negative pressure during 1 ms, followed by 5.1 MPa peak positive pressure during 50 ms. Increasing the second stage from 5 ms to 50 ms increased the occurrence of PVCs. This study demonstrates that creation of localized microbubble population at the target promotes generation of PVCs without the need to inject contrast agents.