Optimization Of Technological Processes Research Articles

Разработка алгоритма процесса оптимизации технологических процессов для ПАЛ

Разработка алгоритма процесса оптимизации технологических процессов для ПАЛ

Technological Process Optimization of Hot-Machining Numerical Simulation

Applying the CAD/CAE method and the finite element analysis system, It was the research of the optimization technology about diesel body of the ship in the casting process in the paper. There are the functions of finite element software and application method in the paper, too. The analysis method can forecast the castings defects and advance the quality control. Applying the HyperMesh module of finite element software, we can cut the optimization period and realize the flow restructure analysis process to large-scaled complex castings.

The implementation results of software-methodical complex of modeling and optimization of the Ree quality assurance process at the stage of manufacturing

At the Lviv Polytechnic National University under the scientific guidance of professor Nedostup L. A. a group of authors are developing the scientific basis and methodology of modeling and optimizing of radio-electronic equipment (REE) at the stage of its manufacturing. Nowadays, a software complex OPTAN, which is applied to solve a range of practical tasks was developed at the basis of this work. The aim of this work is to analyze the results of practical usage and the implementation of OPTAN complex to expand the list of solved problems, develop recommendations for its wider use, as well as further improvement of both modeling and optimization of technological processes (TP) techniques, and software in general. Three groups of REE manufacturing processes were conducted to test OPTAN and evaluat its practical use. The first group is typical TP of PCB fabrication with various techniques. The second group consists of technological processes of electronic equipment manufacturing, such as liquid crystal display and bipolar integrated circuits manufacturing processes. The third group includes universal oscillographs processes and high quality domestic amplifiers. The principle of decomposition is applied to simplify the analysis of such industrial and technological structures, when initially the simpler TP is analyzed, optimal options for their implementation are determined, and then passes to the stage of TP modeling and optimization in general

Influence of the applied pressure of processing upon bioactive components of diets made of feathers

The feathers gained by slaughtering fattening chickens can be processed into protein meal for feeding certain animals, as indicated by its chemical characteristics. However, raw feather proteins (keratin) are faintly digestible (cca. 19%), even inert in digestive tract. Digestion of feather proteins could be improved by hydrolysis (alkaline, enzymatic, microbiological or hydrothermal). Practically, hydrothermal processing of raw feathers is mostly applied. The influence of hydrothermal processing under the pressures of 3.0, 3.5 or 4.0 bar on the nutritive value of the resulting meal is presented in this paper. For the hydrolysis of raw feathers, semi continuous procedure was applied. Semi continuous procedure of feathers processing comprise hydrolysis of raw wet feathers followed by partial drying of hydrolyzed mass that has to be done in a hydrolyser with indirect heating. Continuous tubular dryer with recycled air was used during the final process of drying. Protein nitrogen decreased by 3.46% and 4.80% in comparison with total protein nitrogen content in raw feathers under the pressure of 3.0 and 3.5 bar, respectively. The highest applied hydrolysis pressure caused the greatest loss of protein nitrogen up to 9.52%. Hydrothermal hydrolysis under pressure has increased in vitro protein digestibility significantly. Under pressure of 3.0, 3.5 and 4.0 bar digestibility of proteins increasing from 19.01 to 76.39, 81.71 and 87.03%, respectively. Under pressure of 3.0, 3.5 and 4.0 bar cysteine content decreased from 6.44 to 4.17% (loss 35.25%), 3.94 (loss 38.825%) and to 3.75% (loss 41.77%), respectively. These decreases are statistically significant. It can be concluded that the hydrolysis carried out under the pressure of 3.5 bar, during the period of 25 minutes, and with the content of water in raw feathers of cca. 61% is the optimal technological process for converting raw feathers into diets for certain animal diets.

Monitoring pathways of β-glucan degradation by enzyme mixtures in situ

The degradation of β-glucans from cereal cell walls is related to health benefits of whole grain foodstuffs and is a prominent cost in the production of bioethanol and in improving the filterability of malt-based beverages. Detailed assays of β-glucan degradation pathways by enzyme mixtures therefore promise to support the analysis of physiological and the optimization of technological processes. Physiological and biotechnological processes tend to occur in complex mixtures of catalysts and substrates and the development of advanced methodologies for mixture analysis has been attracting a great deal of attention. In situ detection of processes that involve carbohydrate synthesis and degradation encompasses the challenge of detecting monomer identities and linkage patterns, as well as enzymatic stereochemistry and specificity while resolving chemically similar reactants, challenges that are complicated in the additional detection of intermediate degradation steps. In the current study, we show that nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy near the highest available spectrometer fields permits detailed real-time assays of the degradation of polymeric barley (1→3),(1→4)-β-glucan by commercial enzyme mixtures. Up to six different intermediates can be resolved and structurally assigned within a 0.07ppm chemical shift range using the anomeric 1H chemical signal in β-(1→3) glycosidic linkages as a structural reporter. More than 16 different glucopyranosyl spin systems are assigned to structural motifs in degradation fragments. The time course of intermediate emergence permits deciphering cleavage pathways and stereochemistry for up to four different enzyme catalyzed steps in situ.

Use of Numerical Simulation at Optimisation of Technological Processes of Cold Bulk Forming

Use of Numerical Simulation at Optimisation of Technological Processes of Cold Bulk Forming

Thermal properties of high-power diode lasers investigated by means of high resolution thermography

Abstract In the present work, thermal effects in high-power diode lasers are investigated by means of high resolution thermography. Thermal properties of the devices emitting in the 650 nm and 808 nm wavelength ranges are compared. The different versions of the heterostructure design are analyzed. The results show a lowering of active region temperature for diode lasers with asymmetric heterostructure scheme with reduced quantum well distance from the heterostructure surface (and the heat sink). Optimization of technological processes allowed for the improvement of the device performance, e.g. reduction of solder non-uniformities and local defect sites at the mirrors which was visualized by the thermography.

Research and Optimization of Technological Process Based on Fermentation for Production of Seaweed Feed

This paper for the purpose of utilization, conducted a study of technological process of producing animal feed by fermenting seaweed waste. Anaerobic fermentation, which can improve the contents of protein and polysaccharide in seaweed waste, proved to be an available method to improve the nutritional value of animal feed by using seaweed waste. Also effects of different additives and fermentation time on the fermentation products was compared, combined CCRD with neural network to optimize these factors, the predict model among all factors was established, also obtained the optimal fermentation process.

Study on the Kinetics and Optimization of Technological Process of Microwave - Vacuum Drying of Bleached Shellac

To enhance the product quality and production efficiency, we studied the kinetics of the microwave - vacuum drying of bleached shellac and optimized its technological process. Through the test, the drying curve, drying rate curve and drying constant of the bleached shellacs under different pressure were obtained and through the drying curve fitting, the drying model was obtained. And through the optimization test, the optimal conditions for the microwave - vacuum drying of bleached shellac were obtained, that is, pressure of 3000Pa, microwave power of 700W and drying time of 25min, then the products of color index of 0.9, water content of 0.0296 kg water / kg dry materials were obtained.

Some features of phase formation in the system magnetite-potassium carbonate

The solid-phase interaction in the system Fe3O4–K2CO3 was studied. INORGANIC SYNTHESIS AND INDUSTRIAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY ISSN 1070-4272, Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2011, Vol. 84, No. 6, pp. 921–924. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2011. Original Russian Text © O.I. Akhmerov, V.V. Vlasov, Kh.E. Kharlampidi, 2011, published in Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii, 2011, Vol. 84, No. 6, pp. 898–901. The catalysts containing iron and potassium oxides are widely used in dehydrogenation of alkylaromatic and olefin hydrocarbons and in a number of other catalytic processes. The phase composition of promoted iron oxide catalysts is important in view of the development of scientific methods of synthesis, optimization of technological process, targeted selection of additives that stabilize the active phase, and determination of the mechanism of the catalytic process. Study of these catalysts is continuing for many years. However, the nature of the active component of a catalyst and the phase composition of compounds formed in the iron-potassium-oxygen system during the synthesis and operation of the catalyst remain controversial [1–5] The study of phase composition of the iron oxide catalytic systems modeling the process of dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons showed that the active components are alkali metal ferrites, such as potassium monoand polyferrites [1]. A suggestion is made to realize the redox mechanism of the process with the formation of oxide iron compounds in various oxidation states. The main component of the catalyst in the dehydrogenation reaction is magnetite, which is in equilibrium with hematite (α-Fe2O3) [2]. The data of [4] suggest that the activity and stability of the catalyst depend on the ratio of potassium mono to poly ferrite, as well as magnetite. The authors of numerous publications concerning the chemical composition of iron oxide dehydrogenation catalysts emphasize the crucial importance of the influence of the valence state of iron on the activity of the catalyst. It is necessary to search for the optimal Fe(II)/Fe(III) ratio that would ensure, on the one hand, a sufficient conversion of the catalyst and, on the other hand, a high selectivity of the dehydrogenation process [3, 5].

Multi‐Criteria Analysis for Optimization of Sodium Chromate Production from Chromic Waste

AbstractThe proposal of application of multi‐criteria analysis and technological quality method for optimization of technological processes on the case study of sodium chromate production variants from waste was presented. The research on the use of chromic waste for the production of sodium chromate made it possible to determine the optimal process parameters. Technological quality method was used to define the value of criterions for multi‐criteria analysis while multi‐criteria analysis allowed determining the impact of criterions weights for ranking variants of technological process. Both methods in a complex way evaluate the degree of modernization of technologies, describing them qualitatively within the area of environmental, technical, and the economic effects of the proposed technological variants. Based on the proposed evaluating criteria both methods yield comparable results. The most advantageous alternatives provided realization of the sodium chromate production process with the use of in‐process recycling of chromic mud, off‐site recycling of chromic tannery waste and on‐site recycling of waste from the old chromic heaps.

Technological process optimization for aviation part frame manufacturing on the basis of calculations in the automated warpage computation system

The computer-aided warpage computation system is considered in the paper as applied to technological process optimization for manufacturing of aviation parts. The authors give recommendations on technological process optimization for the aviation part frame

Structure and function of seed lipid body-associated proteins

Many organisms among the different kingdoms store reserve lipids in discrete subcellular organelles called lipid bodies. In plants, lipid bodies can be found in seeds but also in fruits (olives, …), and in leaves (plastoglobules). These organelles protect plant lipid reserves against oxidation and hydrolysis until seed germination and seedling establishment. They can be stabilized by specific structural proteins, namely the oleosins and caleosins, which act as natural emulsifiers. Considering the putative role of some of them in controlling the size of lipid bodies, these proteins may constitute important targets for seed improvement both in term of oil seed yield and optimization of technological processes for extraction of oil and storage proteins. We present here an overview of the data on the structure of these proteins, which are scarce, and sometimes contradictory and on their functional roles. To cite this article: Z. Purkrtova et al., C. R. Biologies 331 (2008).

Cost Optimization of Integrated Wastewater Drainage and Treatment Systems

This paper presents the cost optimization of an urban drainage and wastewater treatment system. The mixed sewer urban drainage (including combined sewer overflows and retention basins), the activated sludge wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), and the permissible loading of the receiving water were optimized simultaneously by the nonlinear programming approach. For this purpose, the integrated optimization model OPTIMALWWT was developed. The economic objective function of the defined investment and operational costs is subjected to rigorous design and ecological constraints. A practical example of the cost optimization of an existing urban drainage and WWTP, located in Slovenia, is presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method. For each of the two different design approaches, three different optimization cases were carried out for three different technological alternatives. As a result, the optimal technological process was finally selected for the reconstruction of the system, as a result of its suitable costs and operational safety.

New Opportunities to Study Defects by Soft X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure

X-ray absorption fine structure can determine the local structure of most atoms in the periodic table. The great recent improvements in the performance of synchrotron radiation sources and techniques and advances in the simulations of the spectra have opened new opportunities, especially in the study of dilute systems in the soft X-ray range. In this contribution we will show some recent results that demonstrate how semiconductor physics may greatly benefit from such progress. In fact, doping or alloying of semiconductors with light elements, that have K absorption edges in the soft X-ray range, is widely employed to tune semiconductor properties. X-ray absorption fine structure investigations on such systems can give an important contribution towards the understanding and optimization of technological processes.

Regularities of the deposition of cobalt-tungsten alloys by pulsed currents

We study the influence of the principal parameters of pulsed electrolysis (amplitude of the current density, frequency and on-off time ratio of the pulses, and the durations of the pulse and pause) on the deposition of cobalt-tungsten alloys. The extreme character of the dependences of current yield and the tungsten content of the alloy on the indicated factors requires the optimization of technological processes for the production of coatings with prescribed compositions. The corrosion and electrochemical behavior of the coatings is determined by the content of alloy-forming elements and lies within the framework of the kinetic regularities confirmed by the results of impedance measurements.

Multicriteria optimization of technological processes under uncertainty conditions

The multicriteria optimization problem under uncertainty conditions is considered, which arises at the design stage of a technological process. The uncertainty stems from the inaccuracy of mathematical models and a certain uncertainty of the conditions in which the process will be implemented. The generalization is treated of well known multicriteria optimization methods in the case of the uncertainty accounting. Here, account will be taken of the possibility of the use of control variables at the operation stage to compensate for the uncertainty effect.

The optimisation of technological processes on basis of technological efficiency analysis

Technological process is a basic determinant of correctness of industrial company's functioning on the market. Analysis conducted in this thesis includes hypothetical and technological processes of producing typical machine pieces. Within their scope also the non-material parameters of technological process have been taken into account, which resulted from arts of applied samples and projecting of the technological process. One has worked out an application that allows analysing the efficiency of technological process in aspect of non-material values and has used neural networks to verify particle indicators of quality of a process operation. Indicators appointment makes it possible to evaluate the process efficiency, which can constitute an optimisation basis of particular operation. As a result of this analysis gained data enabled to optimise the technological process by estimating influence of the analysed parameters on the whole of process and optimisation conducting of any process. [Received 19 November 2005; Accepted 25 January 2007]

Development of an indirect method for evaluating porous cereal product structures using acoustic echolocation

The porosity and structure of cereal products have been evaluated using an indirect method of acoustic echolocation and an acoustic level meter with a special measurement vessel. First, the construction of the measurement vessel of the non-contact acoustic level meter was improved. Then by determining the amount of absorbed water and its water absorption dynamics, an accurate method to evaluate the structure of porous cereal products has been developed. Links between the indices of ring-shaped roll structure parameters (total amount of absorbed water and water absorption dynamics) and the standard weighing method were established. The quality of baked products such as ring-shaped rolls is related to the total amount of water absorbed and the water absorption dynamics. Linear or exponential dependences indicate good quality while exponential or composite dependences indicate average quality and composite dependences poor quality. The results show that the echolocation method gives additional information on the structure parameters of porous cereal products. The application of this method to the optimization of technological processes has been proven. In comparison with analogue methods such as the weighing method the proposed method is non-destructive. We can, therefore, repeat the investigations several times using the same sample. In this way the accuracy of measurements can be improved. Additionally the acoustic method is rapid and simple.

Application of Two‐Dimensional Detectors in X‐ray Diffraction Materials Structure Analysis

AbstractThe examination of the azimuthal (lateral) diffraction line profile, i.e., the size, number and shape of individual diffraction spots of which discontinuous diffraction line consist, often reveals useful information on the material's structure which cannot be obtained by the application of other analytical techniques. The information obtained can be advantageously used in the development and optimization of technological processes as well as for monitoring of processes which degrade the material's structure during their use.