The development of modern logistics chains is not just simple cargo transportation, it has become a cross-integrated industry that integrates many emerging technologies such as IoT technology, intelligent transportation, cloud computing and mobile Internet. Based on the ant colony algorithm (ACA), this paper optimizes the physical delivery network of the optimized neural network algorithm, establishes a mathematical model for the constraints and optimization objectives in the optimization of the physical delivery path, and proposes some improvements to the ACA to improve the convergence of the algorithm. speed and global search ability, so as to use the improved algorithm to solve the physical delivery path optimization problem. Experiments show that the optimal distance of physical delivery path planning calculated by traditional ACA is 207.8544km, while the optimal distance of improved ACA path planning is 197.9879km. The performance of the improved ACA is improved by analyzing the results of solving typical examples.