Optimistic Attitude Research Articles

Robust solar sail trajectories using proximal policy optimization

Reinforcement learning is used to design minimum-time trajectories of solar sails subject to the typical sources of uncertainty associated with such a propulsion system, i.e., inaccurate knowledge of the sail’s optical properties and the presence of wrinkles on the sail membrane. A proximal policy optimization (PPO) algorithm is used to train the agent and derive the control policy that associates the optimal sail attitude with each dynamic state. First, the agent is trained assuming deterministic unperturbed dynamics, and the results are compared with optimal solutions found by an indirect optimization method, thus demonstrating the effectiveness of this approach. Next, two stochastic scenarios are analyzed. In the first, the optical coefficients of the sail are assumed to be random variables with Gaussian distribution, which leads to random variations in the sail characteristic acceleration. In the second scenario, wrinkles on the sail membrane are taken into account, resulting in a misalignment of the thrust vector with respect to a perfectly smooth surface. Both phenomena are modeled based on experimental measurements available in the literature in order to perform realistic analyses. In the stochastic scenarios, Monte Carlo simulations are performed using the trained policies, demonstrating that the reinforcement learning approach is capable of finding near time-optimal solutions, while also being robust to the sources of uncertainty considered.

Shelley's Optimistic Attitudes Inspired by Nature in His Poems

This thesis chooses Shelley's concept of nature as the main theme. It analyzes some representative poems written by Shelley and finds out Shelley's views on nature. For Shelley, nature is a rich source of truth. Nature teaches us a lot of things. Freedom and ideality are the main themes in Shelley's poems. For his age, the social background is full of revolution. It is certain that Shelley should become a revolutionary poet. Like in Queen Mab and Prometheus Unbound, we can find his strong desire for freedom. Even in The Cloud, Shelley hopes to be like the cloud because it is free and happy. Shelley also shows to us a kind of optimistic attitude towards life and future. To a Skylark may be a typical one. Shelley is just like the skylark; he pursues being in harmony with nature. These two main themes seem to be the basic views of Shelley's concept of nature.

The Current Scenario of Farmland Abandonment in China: A Systematic Review

The significant expansion of farmland abandonment not only poses a threat to agricultural sustainability, but also challenges biodiversity conservation and food security. This study aims to initiate a deep systematic analysis of the current scenario of Chinese farmland abandonment, which is timely and urgent as a starting point to fully understand the current state of knowledge of it. In total, 181 articles out of 5384 articles through four databases (CNKI, Web of Science core collection, Scopus, and CAB Abstracts) are extracted and synthesized by the PRISMA method. A total of 12 experts from 11 countries with specialized knowledge in the research field are interviewed. It is found that farmland abandonment in East China is the most frequently reported, which is followed by the Southwest. The research focus in China has shifted from mountainous areas to agricultural and pastoral areas and major grain-producing areas. Chinese farmland abandonment is defined principally from the perspective of the managerial approach. An inventory that categorizes these different drivers of farmland abandonment is built, which includes socio-economic aspects, biophysical attributes, policy, household characteristics, and specific events. Socio-economic aspects, especially off-farm employment, are the most commonly studied factors. Meanwhile, the aging of the population is also noteworthy. Different trajectories should be applied accordingly due to the significant differences between North and South China. Furthermore, there is an optimistic attitude towards the ecological impact of abandoned farmland in China. However, more evidence should be given on it. Those findings will hopefully provide some insights for the scientific community and policy makers.

Optimal prescribed-time attitude tracking for multiple spacecraft systems based on adaptive critic algorithm

Optimal prescribed-time attitude tracking for multiple spacecraft systems based on adaptive critic algorithm

Психологическое благополучие и жизнестойкость замещающих матерей

<p style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">This article analyzes the relationship between psychological well-being and resilience in the context of attitudes toward adopted children among foster mothers. The hypothesis suggests that a mother’s active participation in upbringing promotes democratic relationships with the child and creative approaches to problem-solving, and that her psychological well-being depends on an optimistic attitude and willingness to cooperate with the child. The respondents were 48 foster mothers, raising between 1 and 7 adopted children. The average age of the substitute mothers was 40 ± 6 years. To test the hypothesis, the following methods were used: the “Resilience Test” by S. Maddi, the “Psychological Well-Being Scale” by K. Ryff, the “Parental Attitude Diagnostics” questionnaire by A.Ya. Varga and V.V. Stolin, and the “Personal change-readiness survey” in the adaptation by N.A. Bazhanova, G.L. Bardier. The study confirmed the hypothesis and identified a connection between psychological well-being and resilience in substitute mothers. It was also established that the well-being and ability of a substitute mother to withstand social pressure depend on her ability to cope with stress, her readiness for self-realization, and her ability to achieve goals. A high level of psychological well-being contributes to the enjoyment of raising an adopted child.</span></p>

Social isolation and likelihood of becoming centenarians: evidence from the Chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey

BackgroundSocial isolation, defined as an individual’s lack of social connections, is particularly prevalent among older adults. However, its association with health outcomes among the oldest-old population (aged 80 and above) was understudied.AimsTo examine the association between social isolation and the likelihood of becoming a centenarian among the oldest-old people in China, aiming to provide novel insights into promoting healthy aging and longevity.MethodsUsing data from The Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, conducted in 22 provinces in mainland China since 1998, we performed a community-based, prospective nested case-control study. The primary outcome was survival to the age of 100 by 2018 (the end of follow-up). Information on social isolation and other covariates was collected via a questionnaire at baseline. The degree of social isolation was categorized as low, moderate, and high. Included (n = 5,716) were 1,584 identified centenarians and 4,132 controls (deceased before reaching 100 years), matched by age, sex, and year of entry. A conditional logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association between social isolation and the likelihood of becoming a centenarian, adjusting for demographic factors, lifestyle factors, chronic disease, potential disability, optimistic attitude, and perceived loneliness.ResultsIndividuals with the highest social isolation score had lower odds of becoming centenarians (adjusted OR:0.82; 95% CI: 0.68, 0.98), relative to those with the least social isolation (P-value < 0.05), and this association persisted in sensitivity analyses. The association was more pronounced among ever smokers, compared to never smokers (P-value = 0.001). We did not observe significant interactions between social isolation and other covariates (P-value > 0.05 for all).ConclusionsThis study highlights the inverse association between social isolation and the likelihood of becoming a centenarian, emphasizing the need for public health initiatives to combat isolation in the older population.

The hidden link: dysmenorrhea, emotion regulation, and attitudes toward marriage in female nursing students.

Menstrual pain, or dysmenorrhea, can cause physical discomfort and mood swings, potentially impacting the attitudes of female nursing students toward marriage. Effective emotion regulation strategies are essential for managing stress and shaping their perspectives on marriage. This study sought to investigate the relationship between dysmenorrhea, emotional regulation skills, and attitudes toward marriage among female nursing students. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a stratified sample of 504 female nursing students from four academic years. The study used a combination of the Working Ability, Location, Intensity, Days of Pain, Dysmenorrhea (WaLIDD) Questionnaire, the Marital Attitude Scale, and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire to assess various factors among the participants. The Pearson correlation coefficient was utilized to examine the relationships among the three primary variables. Additionally, linear regression analysis was employed to forecast attitudes toward marriage based on factors such as dysmenorrhea, residence, family type, regularity of the menstrual cycle, and age at menarche. The findings of the study are significant, revealing a negative correlation between dysmenorrhea and marital attitudes (r = -0.105, p = 0.019). Dysmenorrhea exhibited minimal and non-significant correlations with emotion regulation strategies, including cognitive reappraisal (r = -0.006, p = 0.898) and expressive suppression (r = 0.013, p = 0.774). In contrast, marital attitudes significantly influenced emotion regulation (β = -0.169, p < 0.001). Moderation analyses indicated significant effects of various factors on marital attitudes, including residence (β = -0.5136, p = 0.0478), family type (β = 5.9923, p = 0.0060), regularity of the menstrual cycle (β = 6.1262, p = 0.0014), and age at menarche (β = 1.5521, p = 0.0491). A significant negative correlation between dysmenorrhea and certain attitudes, specifically optimistic and realistic marital attitudes, was found. This indicates that higher levels of dysmenorrhea are associated with less favorable perspectives in these domains. Additionally, the study demonstrates that negative marital attitudes were linked to poorer emotional regulation. This suggests that individuals with more pessimistic views about marriage may face challenges in effectively managing their emotions. These results underscore the intricate connections between physical health, attitudes, and emotional well-being. They highlight the need to address dysmenorrhea within nursing education and practice, considering its broader psychological impact.

Australian healthcare workers’ views on artificial intelligence in BreastScreen: Results of a mixed method survey study

IntroductionThe evolving role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in medicine, particularly in radiology and population-based breast cancer screening programs, offers potential accuracy gains and efficiency improvements. However, successful implementation requires understanding of healthcare workers’ views on AI, which this study aims to explore within the Australian BreastScreen program. MethodsAn online survey was distributed to clinical staff involved in breast imaging, collecting responses from November 2022 to April 2023. The survey encompassed demographic information, opinions, and experiences with AI in medical imaging, with questions covering various scenarios of AI integration in BreastScreen ResultsOut of an estimated 350 professionals contacted, 95 responded, with 84.2 % (80/95) being radiologists. Less than half of respondents (44.9 %, 40/89) had worked with artificial intelligence for image classification previously. The majority of radiologists 74.2 % (46/62) thought that the use of AI in reading mammograms for BreastScreen would improve workflow. However, radiologists thought they would behave with increasing caution with scenarios where AI was more autonomous, with the majority of radiologists (63.3 %, 38/60) uncomfortable with holding accountability when the AI was used to triage and remove cases from the workflow. Notably, 60 % of radiologists (36/60) expressed concerns about accountability. DiscussionThe findings suggest an optimistic attitude towards AI among Australian healthcare workers, although when given hypothetical scenarios for the way AI could be integrated into BreastScreen, there was increasing caution with scenarios where AI was more autonomous. This study highlights understanding and concerns of healthcare professionals working in population screening which are important to address when implementing AI into the healthcare system.

Fabrication Time Diagrams for In-Space Manufacturing of Large Reticulated Structures

Abstract In-space manufacturing (ISM), or the on-orbit construction of structures from raw feedstock materials, is a promising approach for building large structures for future space missions. Most research and development on ISM to date has focused on ground-based or microgravity-based demonstrations of candidate fabrication processes; however, the combined design of the fabrication process and the ISM spacecraft has not been fully investigated. In this paper, we estimate the fabrication times for ISM of reticulated support structures subject to various spacecraft constraints, including the available fabrication power, the available attitude control authority, and the avoidance of undesirable control-structure interactions. We summarize the insights in fabrication time diagrams which depict the dominant constraints and estimates of the fabrication time for a wide range of structural geometries. Our results indicate that for large, dense structural geometries such as the curved gridshell and tetrahedral truss, the angular momentum storage of the ISM spacecraft's attitude control system (ACS) is the dominant constraint on fabrication time. Additionally, our results suggest the following strategies for reducing fabrication time: manufacturing with multiple spacecraft; using stiff, lightweight feedstock; maximizing fabrication power and ACS capability; and minimizing spacecraft bus mass. Altogether, our results emphasize how the design of an ISM spacecraft cannot be considered independently of the fabricated structure and motivate future work on selecting optimal fabrication paths and attitude control strategies to fabricate large structures in the shortest time.

Analisis Pengaruh Kecerdasan Emosional Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Melalui Kepuasan Kerja dan Stres Kerja Pada Bank Mandiri Regional VIII Surabaya

Background – Based on these data, it can be seen that the tendency to achieve sales volume targets as a performance target for PT credit card units. Bank Mandiri is stagnant or flat, but the achievement figure is still below the predetermined target value, namely still below 100%. Achieving targets that are still below 100% is a threat to Bank Mandiri's credit card unit because it reduces revenue and unit valuation when compared to other units. Apart from that, from the employee side, if the target achievement is below 100%, it will have an impact on the absence of incentives issued as rewards, which is feared will reduce employee motivation and satisfaction with the Bank Mandiri credit card unit. Aim – This research aims to examine the effect of emotional intelligence on performance by considering job satisfaction and job stress as mediators. Design/ Methodology/ Approach – Using a quantitative approach, this research involved 90 employees of Bank Mandiri Regional VIII Surabaya City. The data collected was analyzed using SmartPLS 3.5 software, with a focus on the relationship between emotional intelligence, employee performance, job satisfaction, and job stress. Findings – This research shows that 1) emotional intelligence has a positive effect on employee performance, 2) emotional intelligence has a positive effect on employee performance through job satisfaction, and 3) emotional intelligence has a positive effect on employee performance through work stress. Conclusion – Emotional intelligence in the workplace as a form of improving employee performance is basically a necessity for employees. However, emotional intelligence will cause employees to achieve job satisfaction and reduce work stress. Research implication – In connection with emotional intelligence, companies should be able to maintain and improve the optimistic attitude of employees to achieve success. In relation to job satisfaction, companies should pay attention to aspects of providing work according to the tasks and functions given. In relation to work stress, companies should be able to create a conducive climate within the company. Limitations – This research is supported by data from bank employees, especially Bank Mandiri. There is a possibility that other banks will also provide the same or different results, which thus requires additional justification to see this at other banks.

THE ROLE OF THE ENTREPRENEUR IN MODERN AGRIBUSINESS AND CHOOSING THE MOST FAVORABLE ENTREPRENEURIAL STRATEGY

Modern agribusiness, as a permanent process of reallocating financial, physical, and human resources from areas of societal reproduction where they are underutilized and inefficiently used to areas where they will yield much greater effects, always demands a positive optimistic attitude. The entrepreneur, in line with the analyses of self-development management philosophy, must impartially and objectively assess their strengths, weaknesses, available opportunities and threats in their operations. It is crucial to believe in one's abilities and the products or services offered. Agricultural entrepreneurship, as part of production, is characterized by low mobility of assets over time and space. Land as a production factor also has a limiting effect on agricultural entrepreneurial activity. The natural factor, along with the biological nature of the means and objects of work, is a precondition for the conditioned nature of agribusiness operations. The entrepreneur in agribusiness is a person who possesses creativity, and can lead and handle all challenges and risks in the work process. They are brave enough to take the risk of turning their idea into reality. Entrepreneurs are one of the most renowned untapped sources in the world of creativity and growth, making their role in modern agribusiness increasingly relevant in both developed and transition countries. By utilizing their entrepreneurial skills and qualities, the entrepreneurs should apply the best entrepreneurial strategies for the benefit of the company, not allowing uncertainty and potential failure to discourage future steps. On the contrary, they should see opportunities, not problems, in challenges and risks.

In-Center Hemodialysis Experiences Among Latinx Adults: A Qualitative Study

Latinx individuals are more likely to start and remain receiving in-center hemodialysis, over home dialysis, than non-Latinx White individuals. The objective of our study was to understand the drivers of sustained in-center dialysis and deterrents of switching to home dialysis use for Latinx individuals receiving in-center dialysis. This qualitative study used semistructured one-on-one interviews. Latinx adults receiving in-center hemodialysis therapy at 2 urban dialysis clinics in Denver, Colorado between November 2021 and March2023. In-center hemodialysis, Latinx ethnicity. Qualitative. Interviews were analyzed with thematic analysis using inductive coding. Theoretical framework development used principles of grounded theory. In total, 25 Latinx adults (10 [40%] female and 15 [60%] male) receiving in-center hemodialysis therapy participated. One theme demonstrated that Latinx individuals experienced hardship with in-center dialysis but used Latinx values to persevere: Psychosocial resilience using Latinx cultural values (faith and spiritual coping, belief in predestination and acceptance, optimism and positive attitude toward treatment, and positive relationships with health care professionals and peers). Two themes illustrate barriers to starting or switching to home dialysis: Insufficient knowledge of kidney replacement therapy (lack of awareness of kidney disease, lack of preparation for dialysis) and Barriers to patient-centered decision making in dialysis treatment (lack of peer perspective toguide dialysis decision making, fear and apprehension of home dialysis, lack of socioemotional support, perception of housing issues). Most participants were from the same geographic area and country of origin, and some may have been uninsured because of immigration status. As Latinx people are less likely to be treated with home dialysis modalities, this study offers important context as to what factors drove sustained in-center dialysis use for this population. Coping mechanisms that promoted resilience with in-center dialysis treatment motivated individuals to remain on in-center hemodialysis, and positive dialysis relationships in the dialysis center strengthened this experience. Switching to home dialysis is hindered by lack of knowledge as well as lack of patient-centered dialysis decision making. Understanding the drivers of sustained in-center hemodialysis use for Latinx individuals is important for future efforts at improving patient-centered education, framing conversations around modality choice, and care for this population.

Factors of Positive Leadership Affecting Optimistic Attitude toward Self-Efficacy in Clinic Staff in Universities

Nursing department workers are the largest group in a school clinic. They are also the most important of the human resources. The emotional burden of witnessing the stages of life is accompanied by the heavy work that creates an extremely high level of pressure. This is also an obstacle to a good doctor-patient relationship. Therefore, it emerges as an important research topic that can help to improve the situation as well as promote psychological health and self-efficacy of the school clinic staff. In order to fill in this research gap, school clinic staff of universities in Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region were selected as the research participants. A total of 450 copies of the questionnaire were distributed to the potential respondents. After removing the invalid and incomplete ones, 364 valid copies were retrieved, with a retrieval rate of 81%. The collected data were tested using Amos to understand the relationships among positive leadership, optimistic attitude, and self-efficacy. As a result of the analyses, it was found out that when they have a positive attitude, leaders of the clinic staff in universities can improve the attachment and self-confidence of the school clinic staff. This encourages them to have a higher level of willingness to contribute to the development of the institution. Another finding of the study was that a university leader should adopt a hands-on, positive paradigm to enable continuous development and create a positive working environment. Finally, it was found out that if a university leader builds a positive energy network, he can improve the coherence among the staff and encourage them to be willing to contribute by modelling other workers. According to the results, it is expected that this study will help clinic staff to generate optimistic attitude which promotes self-efficacy.

A cross sectional investigation of ChatGPT-like large language models application among medical students in China

ObjectiveTo investigate the level of understanding and trust of medical students towards ChatGPT-like large language models, as well as their utilization and attitudes towards these models.MethodsData collection was concentrated from December 2023 to mid-January 2024, utilizing a self-designed questionnaire to assess the use of large language models among undergraduate medical students at Anhui Medical University. The normality of the data was confirmed with Shapiro-Wilk tests. We used Chi-square tests for comparisons of categorical variables, Mann-Whitney U tests for comparisons of ordinal variables and non-normal continuous variables between two groups, Kruskall-Wallis H tests for comparisons of ordinal variables between multiple groups, and Bonferroni tests for post hoc comparisons.ResultsA total of 1774 questionnaires were distributed and 1718 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective rate of 96.84%. Among these students, 34.5% had heard and used large language models. There were statistically significant differences in the understanding of large language models between genders (p < 0.001), grade levels (junior-level students and senior-level students) (p = 0.03), and major (p < 0.001). Male, junior-level students, and public health management had a higher level of understanding of these models. Genders and majors had statistically significant effects on the degree of trust in large language models (p = 0.004; p = 0.02). Male and nursing students exhibited a higher degree of trust in large language models. As for usage, Male and junior-level students showed a significantly higher proportion of using these models for assisted learning (p < 0.001). Neutral sentiments were held by over two-thirds of the students (66.7%) regarding large language models, with only 51(3.0%) expressing pessimism. There were significant gender-based disparities in attitudes towards large language models, and male exhibited a more optimistic attitude towards these models (p < 0.001). Notably, among students with different levels of knowledge and trust in large language models, statistically significant differences were observed in their perceptions of the shortcomings and benefits of these models.ConclusionOur study identified gender, grade levels, and major as influential factors in students’ understanding and utilization of large language models. This also suggested the feasibility of integrating large language models with traditional medical education to further enhance teaching effectiveness in the future.

Explaining digital transformation in the food and beverage sector using a behavioral approach

Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) have long been the backbones of the economies of developing countries, so efforts are needed to accelerate the recovery of their performance which has slumped due to the COVID-19 pandemic. One possible effort is for MSMEs to carry out digital transformation. This study investigates the relationships between various factors which contribute to digital transformation among the actors of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) using the behavioral approach (TRI-TAM). Data was obtained from 360 MSME actors engaged in the food and beverage sector. For analysis purposes, CB-SEM was used. The study results revealed that an optimistic attitude, innovative actions, and perceived ease of use of digital technology will determine business actors’ intentions to carry out digital transformation. Furthermore, their intentions are demonstrated to influence digital transformation behavior. As another result of an optimistic attitude, innovative actions have a positive effect on perceived ease of use of digital technology, while feelings of discomfort and insecurity have a negative effect. Policy recommendations that can be suggested to encourage digital transformation and produce environmentally friendly services and products include providing financial subsidies, tax incentives, training, and mentoring.

The Impact of Food Delivery Riders’ Perception of Fairness on Organizational Identification in the Digital Economy: Based on the Intermediary Perspective of Organizational Trust in the Context of Digital Technology

With the rapid rise in the gig economy driven by advancements in digital technology and financial technology, this study focuses on the work experiences and psychological perceptions of food delivery riders in platform-based employment. This study used a sample of food delivery riders from 19 cities in China (such as Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou, etc.) and multiple delivery platforms (such as Meituan, Ele.me) to collect data through a combination of online and offline questionnaires. The impact relationship between perceived fairness, organizational trust, and organizational identity of food delivery riders was examined through factor analysis, structural equation modeling, and mediation effect modeling. The results of the survey and statistical analysis indicate that fairness perception and its dimensions (distributive fairness, procedural fairness, and interactional fairness) significantly influence riders’ organizational identification, with organizational trust serving as a critical mediating factor. The integration of digital technology has substantially enhanced the operational efficiency of platform-based employment by enabling real-time tracking, transparent communication, and data-driven decision-making. Innovations in financial technology, such as digital payment systems and financial management tools, offer riders safer and more convenient compensation methods, thereby contributing to their financial stability and fostering trust in the platform. The establishment of trust alleviates the riders’ concerns regarding compensation stability and bolsters their optimistic attitudes toward accessing platform resources and meeting their needs. This study provides significant insights and recommendations for leveraging digital technology and financial technology to improve the relationship and operational efficiency between riders and platform enterprises.

A Financial Analysis and Valuation of Monster Beverage Corp.

In the global beverage market, companies such as The Coca-Cola Co.(KO), PepsiCo, Inc.(PEP), Monster Beverage Corp.(MNST), and Keurig Dr Pepper, Inc.(KDP) are highly competitive with their own unique characteristics. The capital market is a platform for investors to engage in investment activities. Investors investing their funds anticipate returns either through dividends or capital gains. The profitability and liquidity ratio of dividend policy have significant effects. Financial performance has had a pivotal role in fulfilling the objective of maximizing the company's overall worth. The escalating worth of the company serves as a testament to the escalating welfare of shareholders, reflected in the profits garnered by investors, apart from dividends, through capital gains accruing from the ownership of shares. This article will analyze the characteristics, financial performance and strategic risks of these companies to provide investors with comprehensive information. MNST is the best performer in terms of short-term debt repayment capacity and liquidity, with strong solvency, low debt ratios and no long-term debt and interest expense. MNST has performed well in terms of profitability, with high profitability ratios and operating margins, showing strong earning potential. In addition, MNST has also performed well in terms of profitability of shareholders' equity. MNST has the highest market ratio, and the market has a certain optimistic attitude towards it. Overall, MNST is an attractive choice due to its high profitability, strong solvency and good market prospects.

Mathematics Teachers' Perceptions the Steam Approach: Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics and Its Relationship with Some Variables

This paper aimed to investigate the perceptions of mathematics teachers in Saudi Arabia regarding the STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) approach. A sample of 350 teachers from the Eastern Province completed a 40-item survey on their STEAM perceptions and teaching requirements. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses revealed overall positive perspectives, with 78.6% strongly agreeing that STEAM transforms classrooms into creative environments. However, just 58.4% felt it enabled active learning, and 67.4% were unsure about systemic support. Significant differences emerged based on teacher gender and qualifications, but not experience levels or stages. While largely optimistic attitudes exist toward STEAM's value, persistent resourcing, competency, and policy barriers likely impede classroom adoption. Recommendations encompass boosting investments in STEAM infrastructure, aligned teacher professional development, specialized materials and tools, and integration support across subjects. Further research incorporating mixed methods, expanded samples, and longitudinal tracking can delineate evidence-based strategies to catalyze effective STEAM adoption. The study recommended enhancing the effectiveness of the STEAM approach in education, especially in mathematics.

NILAI OPTIMISME DI FILM ALI DAN RATU-RATU QUEENS

In the film "Ali and the Queens," optimism plays a role in shaping the narrative. This story explains the journey of a disabled person, who dreams of becoming a famous fashion designer. Despite facing many obstacles, Ali did not lose his faith and dreams. Optimism is reflected in the way Ali faces challenges. Even though many people around him doubted his abilities, Ali remained persistent and believed that he could achieve anything he wanted. This is a very positive message, that nothing is impossible if one has a strong determination in oneself. This research aims to contribute to an understanding of how cinematic elements can act as an effective tool in communicating messages of optimism in films. The research method applied is qualitative data analysis on scenes of optimism using a cinematic approach. The research data consists of carefully selected scenes from the film "Ali and Ratu-Ratu Queens". Meticulous shooting ensures that each scene can be captured well, allowing the audience to feel the emotions being conveyed. The research results show that the combination supports the message of optimism in the film. The audience can feel the spirit of Ali's character's struggle in facing life's obstacles because the atmosphere created cinematically provides strong support for the film's narrative. The implications of this research activity are: 1) resilience in facing challenges, 2) the environment for an optimistic attitude, 3) business as a source of inspiration and motivation, 4) the formation of identity and character.

Martin Seligman's Theory in the Perspective of Positive Psychology

Happiness is people's eternal pursuit of the goal, but in the pursuit of the road, some people will lose themselves because of the arrival of setbacks and difficulties, forget their original heart, or because of the pressure of modern social life leads to a variety of psychological problems. People should keep their positive and optimistic attitude to achieve their goals in today's society. Through the collection and analysis of literature review, this paper mainly introduces several theories related to happiness from the perspective of positive psychology by Martin Seligman, the father of positive psychology, with the purpose of allowing people to understand how negative thinking patterns are produced and some measures can be taken to improve their positive thinking. At the same time, this paper also points out the limitations of these theories and some critical thinking and makes an in-depth exploration of the emergence and formation of these theories.