Optimal Operation Mode Research Articles

Componentizing autonomous underwater vehicles by physical-running algorithms

Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) constitute a specific type of cyber-physical system that utilize electronic, mechanical, and software components. A component-based approach can address the development complexities of these systems through composable and reusable components and their integration, simplifying the development process and contributing to a more systematic, disciplined, and measurable engineering approach. In this article, we propose an architecture to design and describe the optimal performance of components for an AUV engineering process. The architecture involves a computing approach that carries out the automatic control of a testbed using genetic algorithms, where components undergo a ‘physical-running’ evaluation. The procedure, defined from a method engineering perspective, complements the proposed architecture by demonstrating its application. We conducted an experiment to determine the optimal operating modes of an AUV thruster with a flexible propeller using the proposed method. The results indicate that it is feasible to design and assess physical components directly using genetic algorithms in real-world settings, dispensing with the corresponding computational model and associated engineering stages for obtaining an optimized and tested operational scope. Furthermore, we have developed a cost-based model to illustrate that designing an AUV from a physical-running perspective encompasses extensive feasibility zones, where it proves to be more cost-effective than an approach based on simulation.

Study on control strategies of the MW-scale supercritical CO2 recompression Brayton cycle for lead-cooled fast reactor

The supercritical CO2 (sCO2) Brayton cycle for the lead-cooled fast reactor (LFR) is an ideal power generation system for the distributed energy supply in remote islands. To figure out the optimal operating modes of the MW-scale sCO2 LFR unit in different load demands, this work performs a dynamic simulation based on the developed control modules. A parametric analysis is conducted about the effects of rotational speed, split ratio, and main gas temperature on the dynamic characteristics. Control strategies are further studied based on the thermodynamic performance and safety under four variable temperature load regulation modes and three fixed temperature rapid load regulation modes. Results show that the tracking αopt mode has the highest average net efficiency (ηnetav) of 19.13 %. The tracking αsafe mode allows compressors to operate in the safest range by sacrificing a little ηnetav. Excellent load change rates are revealed by using the main circuit regulating valve control mode and the turbine bypass control mode, with −12.48 %Pe/min & 11.92 %Pe/min, and −8.25 %Pe/min & 9.70 %Pe/min, respectively. Though the load change rate of the RS control mode is −3.96 %Pe/min & 3.47 %Pe/min, its ηnetav is higher. Our work guides the efficient, flexible, and safe operation of the sCO2 LFR unit.

The Results of the Laboratory Study on the Separating Fiber Flax Seed Balls when Combing the Standing Plants with a Single-Rotor Comb-Dresser

Introduction. The low purity of combing flax seed balls with flax harvesters is a problem for the technological operation when harvesting fibre flax. The analysis of the comb designs of the combing units made it possible to identify the main disadvantages that do not fully meet the agrotechnical requirements for harvesting fiber flax. An innovative design of a removable comb for single-rotor drum-type harvesters is proposed.Aim of the Study. The study is aimed at determining the purity of combing the standing fiber flax stems using a single-rotor comb-dresser with removable combs.Materials and Methods. There has been made an experimental setup to simulate the process of combing standing fiber flax plants with combs of a single-rotor comb dresser. During the period from 2018–2023, the design parameters and operating modes of the combing unit were investigated and justified. There has been developed a technique for conducting a multifactorial experiment to determine the purity of combing fiber flax using a combing drum-type unit with removable combs.Results. The results of laboratory studies on the separating flax balls from the standing fiber flax stems by removable combs are presented to determine the combing quality. It has been found that the purity of combing fiber flax plants is up to 99.2%.Discussion and Conclusion. When studying the technological process of combing Nadezhda standing fiber flax plants the with single-rotor drum removable combs, the physico-mechanical properties of the flax stems were studied in laboratory conditions, the optimal operating modes of the combing drum were determined, which ensure the purity of the stems above 98% that meets the agrotechnical requirements for flax combines.

SELECTION OF A MRP SYSTEM FOR OIL AND GAS DEPOSITS

A number of serious problems arise in the development of sub-gas zones of oil and gas deposits due to the joint occurrence of oil and gas. The key problem is gas breakthrough from the gas cap to oil wells. This entails an increase in the gas factor (GOR), a rapid and intense decrease in pressure in the gas cap. If there is a reservoir pressure maintenance system or an active aquifer as a result of a decrease in reservoir pressure in the gas cap, oil may be pushed back into it, which leads to a rise in gas-oil contact, jamming of mobile oil in the «dry sandstones» of the gas cap, which in turn leads to a decrease in reserves of mobile oil and a decrease in the oil recovery factor (ORF). All this together allows us to consider oil in the sub-gas zones as hard-to-recover reserves.Preventing and combating the negative consequences of gas breakthrough from the gas cap to oil wells is a complex task and consists of several areas, such as selection of rational drilling of production and injection wells, selection of optimal operating modes for them, use of inflow control devices or performance of repair and isolation work to limit inflow from intervals with gas breakthrough, periodic shutdown of wells to disband gas cones. The ultimate goal of solving these problems is to increase the oil recovery factor and economic efficiency indicators for the development of sub-gas zones.Due to the variety of ways to optimize the development of oil and gas reservoirs, it is not possible to cover them all in one work, therefore, the tasks associated with optimizing the reservoir pressure maintenance system are considered. It is worth noting that in comparison with the development of oil reservoirs, the presence of a gas cap significantly complicates this task due to the lack of analytical solutions for three-phase filtration. For this reason, the selection of the optimal parameters of the reservoir pressure maintenance system is usually carried out either by multivariate calculations in the hydrodynamic model (HDM), or by the method of analogies or the implementation of pilot tests of various approaches.In this study, an approach based on multivariate numerical calculations using the sector model of the development element of the gas zone was used. As a result of calculations, it was shown that when choosing the optimal parameters of the reservoir pressure maintenance system, it is advisable to use a differentiated approach, which consists in the fact that these parameters must be set individually for zones with different ratios of oil-saturated and gas-saturated thicknesses.

Optimization and Innovation of the Operation Model of Mobile Social E-commerce under AI Empowerment: Taking the Female Community Platform “Little Red Book” as an Example

This article takes the female community platform “Little Red Book” as an example to explore the optimization and innovation of mobile community e-commerce operation mode under Artificial Intelligence (AI) empowerment. Firstly, the relevant concepts were defined, and then the unique attributes of mobile community e-commerce were analyzed. As a typical representative of mobile community e-commerce, Little Red Book introduces the background and characteristics of its platform, analyzes its mobile community operation mode, and focuses on exploring how to establish a mobile community e-commerce platform and effective operation mode under the empowerment of AI technology, to provide some reference and inspiration for the development and operation of Little Red Book and other e-commerce platform enterprises.

Integration of photovoltaic panels and biomass-fuelled CHP in an Italian renewable energy community

This study presents the first attempt to explore the technical and financial feasibility of combining incentives for Italian Renewable Energy Communities (REC) with those for high-efficiency cogeneration. The community has local wooden biomass availability and was assembled around two prosumers: an industrial laundry with biomass-fuelled CHP and a school with photovoltaic panels. Other members include residential users. Electric loads were derived from available quarter-hour meters and electric bills. Thermal demand for the laundry was reconstructed from an energy audit. First, the CHP optimal mode of operation was selected among the two suggested by the manufacturer (matching the electric or the thermal load), providing energy, financial and environmental performance in both scenarios. Then the photovoltaic system of the school was sized. Finally, an optimal number of users was selected using a genetic algorithm, with financial performance of the REC as objective functions. Energy, economic and environmental impact performance of prosumers and REC are discussed, finding that the optimal configuration reduces CO2 emissions by 722 tons/year, with further 1360 tons/year coming from biomass combustion. In an optimal REC configuration members cut 250 €/year of electric bills, with an overall performance of 21 % in valorization of shared energy, while a social-focused REC can increase its NPV from 233 to 769 k€. The scenario can be applied to other prosumers with similar thermal demand and can be replicated or adjusted to local requirements.

Investigation of non-watered oil wells exploited in the oil field Gunashli

Until now, the study of gas-lift oil wells has not been carried out completely, that is, one curve of the dependence of the oil flow rate on the flow rate of the working agent was removed and the optimal mode of operation of the well was established. The curve of dependence of the specific flow rate of the working agent (hydrocarbon gas) on the flow rate of the working agent was also constructed from this curve. We consider such a study insufficient because the optimal flow rate of gas coming from the reservoir into the well is not determined. To complete this study, the curve of the dependence of the flow rate of gas coming from the reservoir to the well on the flow rate of the working agent should also be removed. In the article, the two gas lift wells 217 and 308 considered are non-watered wells that produce pure oil. The novelty of the article is that for the first time it is proposed to determine the optimal flow rate of gas coming from the productive board into the well. The dependence curve Qo=Qo(Vg) should be constructed with 5–7 points and most of these points should be located on the left side of point C, which has the maximum oil flow rate, the other two points should be on the right side of point C. Half of the points on the left side must be in part AB and the other half in part BC in order to accurately determine the position of B. The well must work exactly at point B; however, it is difficult to achieve this; the actual work takes place around point B. If all the proposed research operations are not performed qualitatively, it is also possible to get positive results.

Analysis and Optimization of Operating Modes of Mini-CHP on Local Fuels in Conditions of Surplus Electric Power Capacities in the Unified Energy System of Belarus. Part 2

Analysis and Optimization of Operating Modes of Mini-CHP on Local Fuels in Conditions of Surplus Electric Power Capacities in the Unified Energy System of Belarus. Part 2

Optimal Rule-Interposing Reinforcement Learning-Based Energy Management of Series—Parallel-Connected Hybrid Electric Vehicles

P2–P3 series–parallel hybrid electric vehicles exhibit complex configurations with multiple power sources and operational modes, presenting a difficulty in developing efficient energy management strategies. This paper takes a P2–P3 series–parallel hybrid power system-KunTye 2DHT system as the research object and proposes a deep reinforcement learning framework based on pre-optimized energy management to improve the energy consumption performance of the hybrid electric vehicles. Firstly, a control-oriented model is established based on its system configuration and characteristics. Then, the optimal distribution of the motor energy under different operating modes is pre-optimized, which aims to reduce the energy management task’s dimensionality by equating two motors as an equivalent motor. Subsequently, based on real-time traffic information under connected conditions, deep reinforcement learning is utilized to optimize the optimal operating modes of the hybrid system and the optimal distribution between the engine and equivalent motors. Combining the pre-optimized results, the optimal energy distribution between the engine and the two motors in the system is achieved. Finally, performance comparisons are made between the predictive control and the traditional Dynamic Programming and Adaptive Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy, revealing the proposed optimization algorithm’s promising potential in reducing fuel consumption.

The result of the investigation of a new micromodule gas burner with a sudden expansion at the outlet

The object of the study is a new micromodule gas burner for small hot water boilers, in which, to stabilize combustion, the phenomena of flow disruption due to sudden expansion at the outlet of the burner are used. Today, there is an urgent task related to the development of new technical solutions for the most efficient and environmentally pure combustion of fuel in power plants, particularly, it is necessary to pay special attention to the stabilization of the flare. The combustion characteristics in this burner have been studied experimentally and theoretically, calculations are given for modeling a micromodule gas burner with a sudden expansion at the outlet, in particular, the model of a burner device for burning natural gas (propane) was modeled in the Ansys Fluent 2021 R1 software package. As a result of the experiment, the length of the torch was reduced, as well as the concentrations of harmful NOx emissions were reduced with improved indicators of combustion completeness and temperature uniformity of the field. The results of experiments with different nozzles are presented, namely nozzles with slots at the outlet d1 – 0.12 m and d2 – 0.15 m. The number of modes in each experiment is 5. Mathematical modeling of this burner with the possibility of evaluating the effectiveness of these measures will allow us to develop optimal operating modes of power plants and develop new technical solutions to reduce the emission of pollutants. Based on the experimental data obtained, graphs were constructed (completeness of combustion, temperature unevenness, concentration of substances), and the results were summarized. In general, these characteristics will increase the efficiency of using this burner in hot water boilers

Prediction of emergency-free operation of production wells with a horizontal termination under conditions of high removal of mechanical impurities on the example of the Severo-Komsomolskoe field

Relevance. As readily available oil reserves are developed and production technologies develop, oil and gas companies are gradually moving to the development of previously unprofitable assets. Over the past five years, several oil-and-gas condensate fields with oil rims have been put into operation in Western Siberia. Their development is further complicated by oil high viscosity and poor cementation of the reservoir rocks. Low values of critical drawdown do not allow oil to be produced without destruction of the productive formation, and mechanical impurities entering the well lead to spillage of perforation intervals and downhole equipment failures. The use of mathematical modeling in relation to the operation of wells in the conditions of the removal of mechanical impurities will make it possible to control production and select the optimal well operation mode. Aim. Forecasting the trouble-free operation of a production well under conditions of high removal of mechanical impurities. Objects. Producing oil wells; the subject of the study is the movement of solid particles in the wellbore of a production well, the relationship and dependence of formation of sand plugs on the operating parameters of the well. Methods. Theoretical research methods – analysis (analysis of models for calculating the critical flow velocity in a horizontal pipe (calculation of the critical velocity in a single-phase flow; calculation of the critical velocity in a multi-phase flow; calculation of the critical velocity based on the balance of forces)) and modeling (simulation of work wells with the removal of mechanical impurities). The totality and combination of these methods are adequate to the goals and objectives, the object and subject of the study of this work. Results. The problem of sand production is typical not only for fields that are in the late stages of development, but also for fields that have recently been put into operation. Sand shows up are a complicating factor in the operation of wells at the Severo-Komsomolskoe high-viscosity oil field located in Western Siberia. The main object of development of the studied field is a weakly cemented sandy layer. Oil production in such difficult areas requires a very careful approach to the choice of development system, to the selection of methods to deal with complications, including the choice of the right method to limit sanding. However, regardless of the approach taken to solve the problem of sand production, some rock will still flow into the well. To prevent the formation of sand plugs, it is necessary to understand the nature of the movement of solid particles along the wellbore. It is possible to assess whether a well is capable of carrying out solid particles from a horizontal section using modeling in specialized software products. Modeling of the well operation, taking into account the influence of mechanical impurities, made it possible to solve the following problems: 1) determine the fluid to carry rock particles out of the horizontal section; 2) identify the areas in which there is a risk of sand plugs; 3) present the dependence for calculating the critical speed for high-viscosity oil with different water cut; 4) assess how the water cut and gas factor affect well operation in conditions of high removal of mechanical impurities; 5) calculate the time of formation of sand plugs.

Exploiting exergy and exergoeconomic analysis as decisional tool for cogeneration plant optimal operating mode: A sugar factory case study

Due to the energy transition scenario, the efficient use of energy and operations flexibility to deal with the market volatility have become the major concerns of the industrial sector. In particular, in those contexts and countries where the grid supply cannot be continuously ensured, the selection of the best operation set up is of critical importance for both stability and profitability of the system. Based on the available data of the Wonji-Shoa sugar factory in Ethiopia, the digital twin of the related Combined Heat and Power generation plant was reproduced by means of ProSimPlus® process simulator. Thanks to the software dedicated tools, the exergy and exergoeconomic analysis were carried out to compare the performances of three possible functioning modes. The study revealed that the highest profitability for the power plant is achieved when it serves both the sugar factory and the electricity grid. With regard to the energy efficiency, the prevention of exergy losses up to 9.63 MW is possible and a 15% heat recovery potential could be viable by implementing a better integration between utility streams. Based on these results, the optimal combined scheduling of power plant and sugar factory will be the object of future studies.

Optimal modes of operation and product cost allocation in sugarcane steam cogeneration plants

Sugar and ethanol production from sugar cane is one of the most competitive sectors of Brazil’s economy. The bagasse generated during the production process is used as fuel in cogeneration plants that provide thermal and electrical energy to the process. In the last decades, many sugar cane factories have produced a surplus of electricity that may be sold to the grid as a new product. This paper applies energy billing optimization and thermoeconomic analysis to a sugarcane steam cogeneration plant to determine the optimal operating mode of the plant, unveils the cost formation process of its internal products (refinery heat, process heat, and consumed electricity), and examines how the results are affected by: (i) the demand for the plant’s energy services, (ii) the availability of bagasse, and (iii) the selling price of surplus electricity. The thermoeconomic analysis involves a detailed study of the cost formation process, which is achieved through the decomposition of the steam cycle of the cogeneration plant into subcycles. Three main subcycles, in addition to the deaeration cycle and other auxiliary subcycles, have been identified: the cogeneration cycle generating work in the high-pressure turbine and refinery heat (subcycle one), the cogeneration cycle generating work in the high- and medium-pressure turbines and process heat (subcycle two), and the condensing cycle that generates only work in the high-, medium-, and low-pressure turbines (subcycle three). These subcycles make up the productive structure of the steam cogeneration plant and explain how water/steam goes through energy conversion processes from the bagasse energy to the heat and electricity produced. Both the optimization model and the thermoeconomic analysis serve as valuable tools for planning in response to potential changes in bagasse and electricity market prices, as well as fluctuating product demand conditions. In the base case, combining optimization with thermo-economic analysis, the unit monetary cost of the final products has been determined: heat for refinery (8.85 R$/MWh), electricity sold (183.60 R$/MWh), internally consumed electricity (41.51 R$/MWh), and process heat (8.85 R$/MWh).

Analysis and Optimization of Operating Modes of Mini-CHP on Local Fuels in Conditions of Surplus Electric Power Capacities in the Unified Energy System of Belarus. Part 1

The paper presents the results of a study to determine the rational structure of mini-CHP (Cogeneration Heat and Power Plant) using local fuels types (LFT) for operation as part of the United Energy System (UES) of Belarus with a surplus of electricity generating capacity and dominance of imported types of energy resources (natural gas and nuclear fuel) in the fuel balance. When optimizing the operating modes of mini-CHPs using LFT and operating in parallel with the UES, which has a significant surplus of electricity generating capacity, it is necessary to separate options for existing stations and options for newly built ones. In the first case, due to the fact that the power of the equipment is known, it is advisable to consider two extreme options, i.e., the operation of the heating unit according to an electrical or thermal load schedule. In this case, in order to maintain the daily consumption traffic it is necessary to provide for the accumulation of thermal or electrical energy, respectively. In the case of new construction, the optimized parameter is the power of the generating equipment, so it is advisable to give preference to the option with the maximum number of hours of use of the rated power. In order to increase the economic attractiveness of mini-CHP, options for developing the structure of mini-CHP using LFT with the transition to multi-generation technologies and adaptation to the existing operating conditions of the UES of Belarus have been considered. The results of an analysis of commercially available technologies for storing excess electrical energy are presented in accordance with current and projected (until 2030) cost and operational indicators. For adapting mini-CHP to operate in the UES in conditions of a surplus of electrical power capacity, an electrical energy storage system using hydrogen as an intermediate energy carrier is of greatest interest. To utilize the excess electrical energy consumption from a mini-CHP with a heating ORC unit during the daily dips, a structural diagram configuration using an alkaline electrolysis module for hydrogen production is proposed. The efficiency of energy storage and use technology is considered depending on the specific energy intensity for various electrical energy storage technologies. The use of the two most energy-intensive energy storage technologies is proposed: accumulation based on electrochemical batte-ries and the “electricity-hydrogen” type. During the study, an analysis of the functioning of the ORC-installation Turboden 14 CHP ORC-installation operating as part of a mini-CHP using LFT was carried out. It was revealed that today the installation operates in a wide range of load changes (from 17 to 87 % of the rated electrical power), while the generation of electrical energy from thermal consumption varied in the range from 0.20 to 0.026 MW/MW. Due to the fact that the ORC installation under study is a component of the energy source with a high installed peak thermal power, in the current state there is no direct correlation between the outside air temperature and the generation power of the ORC installation. This circumstance indicates the need to continue the study of heat load trends to build functional models for short- and medium-term forecasting of heat load depending on the time of day and average hourly outside air temperature, which was implemented in the second part of the work.

Cellulase-assisted refining in a paperboard mill: Avoided emissions from energy savings. A case study of a Finnish paperboard mill

The 2023 being on its way to be the warmest year in the 174-year global surface temperature history it is becoming more and more evident how crucial it is to break the linkage between economic growth and greenhouse gas emissions.The pulp and paper industry is highly energy intensive industry sector. It is the fourth largest industrial energy user and currently produces approximately 1.3% of global greenhouse gas emissions. While the demand for paper and paperboard products keeps rising, it is essential for the industry to find energy efficient solutions for reducing the environmental impact of the pulp and paper products. 80% of the progress in energy efficiency in Finnish paper mills is due to improved technology and more optimal operational modes. Optimizing existing processes has bigger effect on energy efficiency than closing old and starting new paper mills.Pulp refining is one of the most energy intense steps in the paperboard production, representing 15%–18% of the total energy consumption of a paper mill. The effect of a commercial cellulase enzyme product was evaluated for energy savings and avoided emissions in the refining process of a paperboard mill. Data from a paperboard line using Bleached Softwood Kraft Pulp (BSKP) from a separate pulp mill was provided by a Finnish paperboard mill containing production runs both with and without commercial cellulase product ECOPULP® R. Data was collected from the mill automation system to evaluate and compare a refining capacity restricted run and a run that was not refining capacity restricted.Analysis of the data showed a reduction of refining energy by approximately 16%–17% when the cellulase enzyme was used. This corresponds to 2 kg of CO2 emissions avoided per tonne of pulp refined when calculated using the Finnish average electricity emissions intensity in 2022. Use of the cellulase enzyme enabled the refining results that could not have been reached with the bare mechanical refining capacity of the mill.Cellulases can be efficient processing aids in pulp refining. The reduction of required mechanical refining and electrical power to run the refiners to achieve the required freeness can significantly affect the carbon footprint of the paperboard products, whereas the negative impact of emissions from enzyme production is negligible. Reduction of CO2 emissions is especially significant in the areas where the electricity mix used for the production is based heavily on fossil fuels.

Combining Exergy and Pinch Analysis for the Operating Mode Optimization of a Steam Turbine Cogeneration Plant in Wonji-Shoa, Ethiopia.

In this research, the simulation of an existing 31.5 MW steam power plant, providing both electricity for the national grid and hot utility for the related sugar factory, was performed by means of ProSimPlus® v. 3.7.6. The purpose of this study is to analyze the steam turbine operating parameters by means of the exergy concept with a pinch-based technique in order to assess the overall energy performance and losses that occur in the power plant. The combined pinch and exergy analysis (CPEA) initially focuses on the depiction of the hot and cold composite curves (HCCCs) of the steam cycle to evaluate the energy and exergy requirements. Based on the minimal approach temperature difference (∆Tlm) required for effective heat transfer, the exergy loss that raises the heat demand (heat duty) for power generation can be quantitatively assessed. The exergy composite curves focus on the potential for fuel saving throughout the cycle with respect to three possible operating modes and evaluates opportunities for heat pumping in the process. Well-established tools, such as balanced exergy composite curves, are used to visualize exergy losses in each process unit and utility heat exchangers. The outcome of the combined exergy-pinch analysis reveals that energy savings of up to 83.44 MW may be realized by lowering exergy destruction in the cogeneration plant according to the operating scenario.

Multi-objective capacity configuration optimization of a nuclear-renewable hybrid system

Integrating the energy storage and the base-load energy can be an efficient solution to cover the fluctuation of renewable energy. A nuclear-renewable hybrid energy system consisting of a small modular thorium molten salt reactor, solar photovoltaics, wind turbines, thermal energy storage and battery storage with two operation modes is proposed to meet the community load demand. The methodology combining multi-objective evolutionary algorithms with multi-criteria decision-making method is used to identify the optimal operation mode and gain the optimal configuration of the proposed nuclear-renewable hybrid energy system. In the first stage, the multi-objective evolutionary algorithm with better performance is utilized to gain Pareto solutions to minimize the levelized cost of energy while ensuring an acceptable level of deficiency of power supply probability. In the second stage, the multi-criteria decision-making method is adopted to select the best solution from the obtained Pareto frontiers. The optimization results demonstrate that the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm has the best performance compared with other algorithms and the operation mode with battery discharged first is more cost competitive. It is concluded from the results analysis that the selection of optimal mode is influenced by seasonal variation that contributes to large energy storage capacity requirement.

On the Possibility of Achieving Optimal Operating Modes of Hyperspeed Model Gas Centrifuges: 3D Numerical Simulation

In this paper, numerical simulation methods are used to study issues related to the optimal operating modes of hyperspeed (rotor velocity 1000 m/s and above) model gas centrifuges (GCs) of various lengths and velocities of rotation. The possibility of gas extraction under optimal conditions is studied using three-dimensional modeling. It is shown that for hyperspeed GCs with the Pitot tube as gas extractor, simultaneous attainment of the optimal values for both friction power and waste flux, which are necessary for achieving the optimal operating mode, is unattainable, unlike GC models with a rotor velocity of 600 m/s. It is also shown that the working gas within the shockwave generated by the gas extractor can attain temperatures exceeding 1300 K, which raises the question of a possible accelerated decomposition of uranium hexafluoride.

RESEARCH OF THE TRAJECTORY OF THE MOVEMENT OF FUEL PARTICLES IN THE MIXER

This article is devoted to the study of the trajectories of the movement of fuel particles in the mixer, which is a key aspect for improving the technological processes of modern combustion systems. It is noted that effective mixing and distribution of fuel particles plays a decisive role in ensuring optimal combustion, which, in turn, leads to increased efficiency and reduced emissions of harmful substances. The article covers various aspects of the research, including studying the hydrodynamic characteristics of the mixer, modeling the movement of fuel particles and determining the optimal mixing parameters. An important part of the research is the analysis of particle movement trajectories, which allows to accurately determine their paths in the mixing environment. The application of the latest modeling methods and experimental studies allows to obtain a deeper understanding of the internal processes in the mixer, which contributes to the development of optimal designs and modes of operation. The obtained results can have a significant impact on the development and improvement of combustion systems aimed at reducing emissions and increasing the efficiency of using fuel resources. This article is devoted to a thorough analysis of the trajectories of the movement of fuel particles in mixers. The main aspects of the study include hydrodynamic characteristics of the mixer, modeling of particle motion and determination of optimal mixing parameters to achieve maximum efficiency and minimize emissions. The obtained results can make a significant contribution to the development of efficient and environmentally friendly fuel combustion systems.

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ НЕЙРОСЕТЕВЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ В УПРАВЛЕНИИ СВЕТОФОРНЫМИ ОБЪЕКТАМИ

The paper describes the use of an artificial neural network to determine the optimal parameters of traffic light regulation based on the intensity of traffic flow. At regulated intersections, there is an imbalance in the intensity of traffic flow, due to which one operation mode of traffic lights at an intersection may be ineffective. The study objective is to develop software for predicting the operating modes of traffic lights, taking into account the spatial and temporal unevenness of transport demand. Based on the simulation of traffic flows at one regulated intersection, the values of the average delay time were determined for different traffic light operating modes and traffic flow intensities, including turning ones. The artificial neural network was trained on data from 16 thousand simulations and tested on four thousand simulations. Using an artificial neural network to calculate the optimal operating mode of traffic lights reduces the delay time by 20-50% for two rush hours. A pre-trained artificial neural network can calculate the optimal operating mode of traffic lights for a specific regulated intersection in one second. The developed software can be used to implement an intelligent transport system in an automated traffic control system.