Optimal Operating Region Research Articles

Thermodynamic performance evaluation and optimization of a hybrid system integrating vacuum graphene-anode thermionic converters with direct carbon fuel cells

An efficient hybrid system integrating a direct carbon fuel cell (DCFC) with a vacuum graphene-anode thermionic converter (VGTC) is proposed for cogeneration. The VGTC efficiently recycles waste heat released from the DCFC and generate additional electricity, significantly improving energy utilization efficiency and economic performance. A comprehensive mathematical model is developed to quantitatively assess the thermodynamic performance of the hybrid system, taking into account the overpotential losses of the DCFC and the irreversible energy losses occurring within the system. The results show that at an operating temperature of 923 K, the hybrid system can achieve a maximum power density of 466 W/m2, which is approximately 1.34 times that of a single DCFC, indicating a significant improvement in output performance. Besides, the optimal operating region and parameter selection criteria for the hybrid system are determined using finite-time thermodynamic optimization theory. Furthermore, the effects of essential parameters on the output performance of the hybrid system, such as the operating temperature of the DCFC, the heat transfer coefficient, the Fermi level of graphene, the work function of the cathode, the thermal emissivity, and the reflectivity of the back mirror, are investigated. Finally, the comparative study shows that the proposed hybrid system outperforms other previously reported hybrid systems regarding output electric power and conversion efficiency due to the efficient high-grade waste heat recovery and energy conversion by the VGTC.

Data analysis and machine learning aided integrated catalyst activity and process modelling for selective H2 production from biomass gasification

Hydrogen energy derived through biomass gasification is considered as one of the most sorted sustainable sources of renewable energy. This process enhances the H2 production from biomass in the presence of specific catalysts. Among different kinds of models that have been employed for this process, ML models adept at approximating non-linear functions and facilitate outcome prediction without detailed mathematical descriptions. Thus, the current work focuses on understanding structural-composition-operating-target property relationships, and integrated catalyst and process modelling using ML framework for thermo-catalytic biomass gasification to H2 production, and demonstrates outliers handling, data normalization for efficient handling of data-driven modelling with non-linear database. Linear, tree-based, kernel-based, and ANN models were developed with 589 datapoints screened from the 59 relevant papers with 24 inputs and 4 outputs (H2, CO, CO2, and CH4 as vol. %). Performance of these models are evaluated through 5-fold cross-validation and test data with the help of statistical measures. ANN with Basian-regularization learning algorithm using tan-sigmoid activation function in both layers, resulted superior performance in prediction of H2 production (RMSE = 6.85 & R2 = 0.80) and other output gases with high accuracy (i.e., minimum deviation from experimental data) compared to other ML models. Further, using the best ML model, input contribution and PDP analysis were performed to interpret the significance of predominate input parameters affecting on the product composition. Feature contribution analysis reveals that temperature, S/B ratio, catalyst support type, and sulphur content in biomass are significant parameters for enhancing H2 production from catalytic-biomass gasification, and PDP analysis discloses their optimal operating region.

Five-Port Isolated Bidirectional DC-DC Converter for Interfacing a Hybrid Photovoltaic–Fuel Cell–Battery System with Bipolar DC Microgrids

This paper introduces a novel five-port, three-input, dual-output isolated bidirectional dc-dc converter (FPIBC) topology with an effective controller for power-sharing and voltage-balancing in bipolar dc microgrids (BPDCMGs). The proposed converter acts as the interface for the integration of a hybrid generation system comprising a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), a photovoltaic (PV) system, and a battery into BPDCMGs. It employs a reduced number of circuit elements compared with similar multiport converter topologies suggested for BPDCMG applications. Symmetrical bipolar output voltages are ensured by a voltage-balancing circuit composed of a fully controlled switch and four diodes. The FPIBC is equipped with different controllers for output voltage regulation and balancing, power sharing, maximum power point tracking of the PV, the optimum operating region of the SOFC, and constant-current, constant-voltage charging of the battery. To verify the viability and effectiveness of the proposed system, a simulation model was developed with a 4.2 kW SOFC, a 3.7 kW PV, and a 140 V 10.8 Ah battery in MATLAB/Simulink. The performance of the FPIBC was evaluated through extensive case studies with different operational modes, including battery charge/discharge states and SOFC and PV parameter changes under varying load conditions. In addition, the proposed system was examined using a daily dynamic load profile. According to the simulation results, a peak efficiency of 97.28% is achieved and the voltage imbalance between the output ports is maintained below 0.5%. It is shown that the FPIBC has advantages over previous converters in terms of the number of ports, number of circuit elements, bipolar output voltage, bidirectional power flow, and efficiency.

Hydrogen Sensing Properties of FET-Type Sensors with Pt-In2O3 at Room Temperature

In this paper, a field effect transistor (FET)-type sensor with Pt-decorated In2O3 (Pt-In2O3) nanoparticles is fabricated for detecting H2 gas at room temperature. A pulsed measurement method is adopted to continuously alternate between pre-biasing the gate and reading the drain current of the FET-type sensor. This method effectively reduces the drift in the sensing signal. It is also found that negative pre-bias voltages can dramatically shorten the recovery time of the sensor after sensing H2, while positive pre-bias voltages have the opposite effect. The H2 sensing performance of the sensor is characterized under the enhancement of a pulsed negative pre-bias. By calculating and comparing the root mean square, signal-to-noise ratio, and detection limit of the sensor under different operating regions, it is found that the sensor has the best sensing performance in the subthreshold region, which is suggested to be the optimum operating region for FET-type sensors. In addition, the presence of oxygen significantly consumes the hydrogen molecules and reduces the room-temperature H2 sensitivity of the sensor. The proposed sensor presents promising H2 sensing properties, and this research could be a guide for the use of FET-type sensors in more gas detection applications.

Efficient waste heat recovery from molten carbonate fuel cells through graphene-collector thermionic generators

The waste heat released by molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs) contains considerable energy that can be captured for electric power generation. Nonetheless, the current high-grade heat harvesting devices for the MCFC cogeneration of electrical power are still constrained by low power output or energy conversion. To address this challenge, we present a novel hybrid system that combines an MCFC and a graphene-collector thermionic generator (GCTG), in which the GCTG can efficiently harness the exhaust heat released from the MCFC and generate additional electricity. The results show that the hybrid system’s maximum power density reaches 0.298 W/cm2, which is 1.6 times that of the sole MCFC at 923 K, demonstrating that the hybrid system delivers a significant boost in output performance. Furthermore, finite-time thermodynamics estimates the hybrid system’s optimal operating regions and key parameter designs. The optimal performance of the hybrid system can be further improved by selecting the optimal area ratio, raising the MCFC operating temperature, strengthening the heat transfer coefficient, lowering the thermal emissivity of the thermionic emitter, and manufacturing the perfect optical reflector. The MCFC-GCTG outperforms other MCFC-based hybrid systems regarding output performance, demonstrating that GCTG can more effectively exploit the waste heat released from MCFCs than other heat recovery devices. This study offers valuable theoretical guidance for the strategic optimization of the MCFC-GCTG hybrid system, thereby paving a constructive strategy towards realizing advanced, high-performance MCFC cogeneration systems.

Performance evaluation of a thermoradiative device coupled to a solid oxide fuel cell

To improve the efficiency of the energy conversion, a novel coupling model comprising a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), a thermoradiative cell (TRC) with sub-bandgap and non-radiative losses, and a regenerator is proposed. The waste heat from the SOFC is utilized by the TRC to produce extra power. Considering the main irreversible losses inside the coupling model, mathematical expressions for power and efficiency are derived, along with revealing the performance characteristics. Numerical calculation results illustrate that the maximum power output density (MPOD) and corresponding efficiency of the coupled model are 0.94 Wm−2 and 41%, respectively, which are improved by 68% and 14%, respectively, compared to a single SOFC. Furthermore, the influences of parameters such as non-radiative losses, temperature, and bandgap are investigated. The optimal operating regions for power output density, efficiency, and current are determined. Finally, compared with the MPODs of the SOFC-based coupled models, the SOFC-TRC can more effectively utilize the waste heat released from the SOFC. This study may provide some new ideas for the waste heat utilization of SOFC.

Identification of optimal flow rate for culture media, cell density, and oxygen toward maximization of virus production in a fed-batch baculovirus-insect cell system.

In recent times, it has been realized that novel vaccines are required to combat emerging disease outbreaks, and faster optimization is required to respond to global vaccine demands. Although, fed-batch operations offer better productivity, experiment-based optimization of a new fed-batch process remains expensive and time-consuming. In this context, we propose a novel computational framework that can be used for process optimization and control of a fed-batch baculovirus-insect cell system. Since the baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is known to be widely used platforms for recombinant protein/vaccine production, we chose this system to demonstrate the identification of optimal profile. Toward this, first, we constructed a mathematical model that captures the time course of cell and virus growth in a baculovirus-insect cell system. Second, the proposed model was used for numerical analysis to determine the optimal operating profiles of control variables such as culture media, cell density, and oxygen based on a multiobjective optimal control formulation. Third, a detailed comparison between batch and fed-batch culture was perfromed along with a comparison between various alternatives of fed-batch operation. Finally, we demonstrate that a model-based quantification of controlled feed addition in fed-batch culture is capable of providing better productivity as compared to a batch culture. The proposed framework can be utilized for the estimation of optimal operating regions of different control variables to achieve maximum infected cell density and virus yield while minimizing the substrate/media, uninfected cell, and oxygen consumption.

Series-Parallel Multiresonant Switched-Capacitor Converters and the Optimal Operation Region

In this paper, Series-parallel (SP) Multi-resonant Switched-capacitor Converters (MRSCCs) are proposed by incorporating resonant tanks into the traditional SP switched-capacitor converter (SCC) and adopting the on-time fixed frequency modulation. Compared to the traditional SP SCC with hard-switched operation, high transient current spike and inability for lossless voltage regulation, the proposed SP-MRSCC in the optimal operation region owns the merits of soft-switching operation, complete soft-charging feature, low transient current spike, as well as continuous, wide and efficient voltage-gain variation range even at light-load condition. A comprehensive analysis of operation principle, boundary conditions and component stress in four operation modes is provided to assist converter operation and design in the optimal operation region. On one hand, the upper limit of a defined loaded quality factor <i>Q_crit</i> is derived to avoid the appearance of a knee in the gain curve. On the other hand, the current overlapped region- that is, mode 1 and 2- is found to have better operation performance with wider voltage-gain-variation range and lower component stress. On the basis, the synchronous SP-MRSCC is proposed to reduce the conduction loss significantly in high-order circuit and step-down applications. A quantitative comparison between the proposed SP-MRSCC and other counterparts is given to outstand the aforementioned advantages. A 100W 4X SP-MRSCC prototype was designed and tested to verify the above analyses, which has the potential to be utilized for connecting 12V and 48V DC buses between traditional and future data centers.

A Phase-Shift-Modulated Resonant Two-Switch Boosting Switched-Capacitor Converter and Its Modulation Map

In this paper, a Phase-shift-modulated (PS) Resonant Two-switch Boosting Switched-capacitor Converter (RTBSC) and its modulation map are proposed. Compared with the traditional RTBSC, all diodes are replaced by active switches and then phase-shift modulation is applied. The advantages of the modified topology are obtained as follow. 1) The voltage gain can be regulated efficiently either below or above the nominal value even at light-load condition, making it suitable for applications with voltage fluctuations; 2) The conduction loss is reduced by replacing all diodes in RTBSC with low turn-on resistance transistors, especially for high-order and high-gain configuration; 3) All switches achieve the zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) turn-on operation; 4) The soft-charging property smooths the current profile. Aside from the topology modification, a comprehensive analysis of operation principle, voltage gain, component stress and ZVS region is given. On the basis, a modulation map with the optimal operation region is proposed. It provides a guideline to operate and design such converters in the target gain range, low component stress and ZVS region, making up for the lack of modulation map and design guideline in aforementioned literatures. A 120W prototype with low-voltage side 43-60V and high-voltage side 150V was designed to verify the above analyses.

NUV-HD SiPMs with metal-filled trenches

In this paper we present the performance of a new SiPM that is sensitive to blue light and features narrow metal-filled trenches placed in the area around the single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) that allow an almost complete suppression the internal optical crosstalk. In particular, we show the benefits of this technological upgrade in terms of electro-optical SiPM performance when compared to the previous technology which had only a partial optical screening between the SPADs. The most relevant effect is the much higher bias voltage that can be applied to the new device before the noise diverges. This allows to optimize and improve both the photon-detection efficiency and the single-photon time resolution. We also coupled the SiPMs to LYSO scintillators to verify the performance for possible application in Positron-Emission Tomography. Thanks to the better electro-optical features we were able to measure an improved coincidence time resolution. Furthermore, the optimal voltage operation region is substantially larger, making this SiPM more suitable for real system application where thousands of channels have to provide stable and reproducible performance.

Upgrading proton exchange membrane fuel cell waste heat through isopropanol-acetone-hydrogen chemical heat pump for storage purposes

A new hybrid system integrating proton exchange membrane fuel cell with isopropanol-acetone-hydrogen chemical heat pump is proposed for simultaneous power generation and low-grade waste heat upgrading, where the upgraded waste heat can be stored for further usages. Based on the theories of thermodynamics and electrochemistry, a steady-state thermodynamic mathematical model is formulated by quantitatively considering the major within-system irreversible losses. Calculations predict that the achievable maximum output power density and its corresponding energy efficiency and exergy efficiency are, respectively, 14.72%, 6.56% and 6.57% higher than those of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell at 363 K, and the maximum output power density improvement rate is significantly higher than that of some available proton exchange membrane fuel cell-based hybrid systems. Optimal operating regions for key performance indicators are obtained. Effects of proton exchange membrane thickness, operating pressure, operating temperature, temperature of exothermic reaction, reflux ratio, molar ratio of hydrogen to acetone in the exothermic reactor before exothermic reaction, thermodynamic loss composite parameter and regenerator # 2 effectiveness on the thermodynamic performance and key current density indexes of hybrid system are discussed in detail. The results can provide some theoretical guidance for improving the performance of such a practical system through tuning some design and operation variables.

A Novel Control for Enhancing Voltage Regulation of Electric Springs in Low-Voltage Distribution Networks

Electric springs (ES) have been reported as a distributed means to address the voltage instability issues at the point of common coupling (PCC) in low-voltage distribution networks (LVDN). In the reported research works on the control methods of the ES, it is generally assumed that the grid networks are predominately inductive. This assumption is fundamentally flawed as the line impedances are significantly resistive in LVDN, which leads to deteriorated voltage regulation effects. To address this, a novel <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\boldsymbol{\gamma }}$</tex-math></inline-formula> control method is proposed to enhance the voltage regulation performances of the ES in LVDN. A comprehensive steady-state model of the ES-based smart load considering different Thevenin's equivalent line impedances is developed in this article. Equivalent regulation points and optimal operating regions of this smart load are derived analytically. The proposed control embeds a smart load model and enables adaptive control boundaries of the ES, which can avoid the suboptimal or positive-feedback operations in the PCC voltage regulation. Besides, a hysteresis proportional integral (PI) controller is designed to mitigate the voltage flickers. Experimental and simulation results have been provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\boldsymbol{\gamma }}$</tex-math></inline-formula> control.

An optimization study for preventing silica gelation and improving filtration effectiveness during pH reduction of high concentration silica solutions

AbstractThe steam generation processes at the steam‐assisted gravity drainage facilities result in huge quantities of wastewater streams, which are characterized by high pH and high silica levels. These concentrated streams need to be neutralized before their disposal via down‐hole injection. The neutralization of these high‐pH brines results in the formation of a gel‐like substance, which makes it difficult to filter the amorphous silica gel. The wastewater used in this study was synthetically prepared using sodium metasilicate to mimic high‐concentration silica solutions. Our experiments did not show any advantage of a two‐step pH‐neutralization process over the single‐step process for suppressing silica gelation. A systematic experimental campaign was undertaken to investigate the effects of SiO2 concentration, NaCl:SiO2 ratio, and pH on the residual silica concentration, percent silica removal, filtration rate, and filtration effectiveness. For NaCl:SiO2 ratios higher than 4.5, silica precipitation during pH reduction did not lead to the formation of gel or sol. The response surface methodology (RSM), based on the Doehlert design of experiments, was implemented to optimize the responses and provide high efficacy with fewer experiments. The results from the analysis of variance (ANOVA) analyses of the experimental data were used to evaluate the significance of each term in the quadratic model. 3D response surfaces and 2D contour plots were generated for determining the optimal ranges of independent factors for achieving the maximum silica removal, the highest filtration rate, the best filtration effectiveness, and the minimum residual silica concentration. An optimum operating region was established from the RSM analysis and overlay plot.

Adapting ‘tool’ size using flow focusing: A new technique for electrochemical jet machining

Electrochemical jet manufacturing methods exploit the localised interaction of an electrified jet with a conductive workpiece. This has been exploited by numerous researchers to deposit and remove material. In recent studies, the same approach has been used as an analysis tool to measure and evaluate engineering components. The capability of this manufacturing method is limited by the resolution, which is governed by the diameter of the jet. Although approaches have been taken to reduce the kerf or interaction volume in the process, it is the jet diameter still provides the fundamental limit. In this study, a new method is proposed which takes advantage of a constriction effect to reduce the jet diameter through flow focusing, which occurs in coaxial two-phase flows. A novel nozzle arrangement is presented which demonstrates jets can be constricted by 79% leading to 54% reduction in machined kerf width. The limitations of this method are investigated in the context of fluid dynamic constraints, identifying optimum operating regions to utilise the approach in a computer numerical control machine tool arrangement. This enables continuously varying tool size in-process, which is analogous to other energy beam processes where spot size can be adjusted with a corresponding response influence.

Design of a supervisory control system for autonomous operation of advanced reactors

Advanced reactors to be deployed in the coming decades will face deregulated energy markets, and may adopt flexible operation to boost profitability. To aid in the transition from baseload to flexible operation paradigm, autonomous operation is sought. This work focuses on the control aspect of autonomous operation. Specifically, a hierarchical control system is designed to support constraint enforcement during routine operational transients. Within the system, data-driven modeling, physics-based state observation, and classical control algorithms are integrated to provide an adaptable and robust solution. A 320MW Fluoride-cooled High-temperature Pebble-bed Reactor is the design basis for demonstrating the proposed control system.The hierarchical control system consists of a supervisory layer and low-level layer. The supervisory layer receives requests to change the system’s operating conditions (e.g., the current reactor power to meet a load-follow), and accepts or rejects them based on constraints that have been assigned. Constraints are issued to keep the plant within an optimal operating region. The low-level layer interfaces with the actuators of the system to fulfill requested changes, while maintaining tracking and regulation duties. To accept requests at the supervisory layer, the Reference Governor algorithm was adopted. To model the dynamics of the reactor, a system identification algorithm, Dynamic Mode Decomposition, was utilized. To estimate the evolution of process variables that cannot be directly measured (e.g., the propagation of delayed neutron precursors), the Unscented Kalman Filter, incorporating a nonlinear model of nuclear dynamics, was adopted. The composition of these algorithms led to a numerical demonstration of constraint enforcement during a 40% power drop transient (at a rate of 5%/min). Uncontrolled secondary-side temperatures were successfully constrained. Adaptability of the proposed system was demonstrated by modifying the constraint values, and enforcing them during the transient. Robustness was also demonstrated by enforcing constraints under noisy environments.

Upgrading the low-grade waste heat from alkaline fuel cells via isopropanol-acetone-hydrogen chemical heat pumps

To upgrade the quality of low-grade waste heat, a new coupling system integrating isopropanol-acetone-hydrogen chemical heat pump (IAH-CHP) to alkaline fuel cell (AFC) is proposed. The irreversible losses in the electrochemical and thermodynamic processes are quantitatively analyzed, and the energy and exergy performance indicators of each system component and coupling system are obtained based on the steady-state mathematical models and thermodynamic laws. Numerical calculations show that the achievable peak output power density and its corresponding energy efficiency, exergy destruction rate density and exergy efficiency are, respectively, 70.95%, 25.65%, 30.84% and 25.59% greater than that of the sole AFC. Optimal operation regions for various key performance indicators are obtained. The competitiveness of the proposed system is checked by comparing it with the available AFC-based coupling systems. Furthermore, the effects of operating temperature, temperature of exothermic reaction, molar ratio of hydrogen to acetone in the exothermic reactor before exothermic reaction, reflux ratio, thermodynamic loss composite parameter and IAH-CHP regenerator effectiveness on the coupling system performance are analyzed. The results obtained in this paper may provide some theoretical bases for improving the thermodynamic performance of such practical coupling systems.

Predictive Optimal Control of Mild Hybrid Trucks

Fuel consumption, subsequent emissions and safe operation of class 8 vehicles are of prime importance in recent days. It is imperative that a vehicle operates in its true optimal operating region, given a variety of constraints such as road grade, load, gear shifts, battery state of charge (for hybrid vehicles), etc. In this paper, a research study is conducted to evaluate the fuel economy and subsequent emission benefits when applying predictive control to a mild hybrid line-haul truck. The problem is solved using a combination of dynamic programming with backtracking and model predictive control. The specific fuel-saving features that are studied in this work are dynamic cruise control, gear shifts, vehicle coasting and torque management. These features are evaluated predictively as compared to a reactive behavior. The predictive behavior of these features is a function of road grade. The result and analysis show significant improvement in fuel savings along with NOx benefits. Out of the control features, dynamic cruise (predictive) control and dynamic coasting showed the most benefits, while predictive gear shifts and torque management (by power splitting between battery and engine) for this architecture did not show fuel benefits but provided other benefits in terms of powertrain efficiency.

Operation diagnosis for centrifugal pumps using stator current-based indicators

Motor current signature analysis (MCSA) used in the diagnosis of centrifugal pumps has become a hot topic due to its non-intrusive and cost-effective nature. Yet, traditional current-based diagnosis methods show limitations as massive computation and power frequency interference. Moreover, most of them focus on the fault detection, fewer discuss the applications in operation evaluation. Therefore in this article, the hydro-mechanical-electric coupling effect that exists in the induction motor-centrifugal pump system is analyzed systematically. On this foundation, novel indicators that can reflect the harmonic distortion and noise proportion of stator current signals, and further indicate the hydraulic stability and operation status are proposed. Theoretical and experimental analysis support this paper, and results have demonstrated that our proposed indicators can indicate the operation change, identify the optimal operation region, and reflect the development of cavitation for centrifugal pumps. These indicators have the advantages of easy calculation and identification, therefore can be conveniently compared with accepted standards and enable immediate remedial actions to be implemented to ensure the stable operation.

Investigation on the optimal operation and control strategy of a wide‐range switched‐capacitor/switched‐inductor DC/DC converter

Wide-range DC/DC converters are widely used in telecommunications, electric vehicles, and e-bikes. In this paper, the operation characteristics of the wide-range cascaded buck converter with two duty cycles are investigated. The operation principle of switched-capacitor and switched-inductor is analyzed to ensure that there are no current or voltage spikes in the system and no additional control is required for them. Based on the volume and efficiency performance indexes, the optimal operating region of the converter should be selected to the left side of the minimum sum point of the two duty cycles. The small signal model of the converter is established, then a control strategy is proposed that the first-stage duty cycle is directly given based on the optimal operating region, and the second-stage duty cycle is determined by double closed-loop control, which has good control performance, economy, and simplicity. The prototype achieved the conversion of 32 to80 V to 5 V/6 A with peak efficiencies of 92.4%/80 V, 93.8%/48 V, 94.5%/32 V. The results proved that the control strategy enables the converter to realize high efficiency and rapid dynamic regulation even in the condition of high voltage gain and wide input range.

Interplay of energy, dissipation, and error in kinetic proofreading: Control via concentration and binding energy

Kinetic proofreading mechanisms explain the extraordinary accuracy observed in central biological events in terms of the enhanced specificity of substrate selection networks under a nonequilibrium environment. The nonequilibrium steady state theory incorporated with a chemical thermodynamic framework is implemented to execute a systematic investigation of dynamic and thermodynamic features of the proofreading network under continuous fuel consumption. We have identified that the dissipation-error trade-off domain of the network has a one-to-one correspondence with the deeper portion of the basin-like error rate profile depicted here. Further, quantifying the energy cost through concentration control of the chemical fuel aids in unveiling the association of the energy and chemical work with the optimal operating region of the biological error-correcting mechanism. It is shown that the proper energy content of the system, the semigrand Gibbs free energy, approaches a nominal value in the trade-off regime, whereas it gets considerably minimized in the domain with a lack of trade-off. We have also introduced a performance measuring entity corresponding to different magnitudes of energetic discrimination as a product of average dissipation and coefficient of variation for the whole range of chemical fuel. The numerical illustration for an error-correcting scheme is provided for tRNA selection and DNA replication as a typical biological scenario.