Optimized Nutrient Medium Research Articles

The development of a formulation, the selection and harmonization of the nutrient medium for determining the activity of aminoglycoside antibiotics

The work is devoted to research on the selection of peptone for the optimization of the nutrient medium for the antimicrobial activity by the agar diffusion method of neomycin (framycetin), which have a similar chemical structure. The paper substantiates the relevance and importance of developing a formulation, selecting the optimal composition (ingredients), the quantitative ratio of ingredients, the pH of the medium, compliance of the proposed nutrient media with the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation and the European Pharmacopoeia for the standardization of antibiotics. The aim of the work was to study the components of the nutrient medium in comparison with the pharmacopoeial standards recommended for determining the effectiveness of antibiotics. It is shown that for carrying out microbiological tests in the standardization of antimicrobial drugs, the nutrient medium is the main one, and the correctness and accuracy of the interpretation of the research results depend on their quality. The experiment studied four brands of dry peptone and broth from different manufacturers - LLC NITSF and FBUN GNTs PMB (Obolensk) when working with the test strain of the spore culture Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633. An optimal nutrient medium is proposed, the composition and conditions of its preparation are selected. To determine the antimicrobial activity of framycetin by the agar diffusion method, a developed medium for determining the effectiveness of neomycin when working with the spore-forming form of the test strain Baccillus subtillis ATCC 6633 is proposed.

Silicon nanoparticle(s) induced morpho-anatomical traits and improved micropropagation of white fleshed dragon fruit [Selenicereus undatus (Haworth)]

Silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) improve plant growth and yield by enhancing nutrient uptake and stress tolerance. These nanoparticles boost plant defense mechanisms against pathogens and environmental challenges. In this study, seedlings-derived explants of white-fleshed dragon fruit (Selenicereus undatus) were used for differentiation and high-frequency shoot regeneration on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP, 0.5 mg L−1) and α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA, 0.25 mg L−1). The complementation of 3.0 mg L−1 SiNPs in the optimized nutrient medium enhanced the shoot multiplication rate to 23.0 cladodes per explants. The regenerated cladodes were structurally well-suited with thick cuticles, well-developed epidermis, hypodermis, aquiferous cortex, and collateral vascular bundles compared to the control and other concentrations of SiNPs tested. SiNPs promoted the development of 3-5 aerial and adventitious roots per cladode enabling preferred direct hardening of cloned plants on soilrite ex vitro. The morphological transformations improved by SiNPs, including the formation of robust cladode and spines, played a pivotal role in achieving a high rate of acclimatization success (96%) in the field. The incorporation of SiNPs in vitro at the shoot amplification stage of micropropagation of S. undatus induced morphogenesis and structural changes, and promoted qualitative and quantitative improvements in the regenerated cladodes which helped in enhanced survival of plants in vivo.

The Impact of the Growth Regulators and Cultivation Conditions of Temporary Immersion Systems (TISs) on the Morphological Characteristics of Potato Explants and Microtubers

Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) constitute one of the most economically important annual crops. In terms of tissue culture, potato microtubers (MTs) have a number of advantages over conventional plants. These advantages include their small size, which greatly facilitates storage, transport, and germplasm exchange compared to in vitro plants. One effective solution for the production and mass propagation of healthy MTs is the use of temporary immersion systems (TISs). In this study, in a SETISTM system containing kinetin/gibberellic acid (GA)/indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) hormones, we investigated the effects of different nutrient media on the morphological characteristics of potato explants and MTs. We determined the optimal cycling duration (3 h) with an immersion frequency of 2 min. The results revealed that the optimal nutrient medium for culturing single-node potato explants in a SETISTM bioreactor was the M7 medium containing kinetin (2 mg/L), GA (0.5 mg/L), and IBA (0.5 mg/L). The optimal nutrient medium for obtaining potato MTs was the M1 medium (hormone-free) with a high concentration of sucrose (9%) at 18 °C under dark growing conditions. Thus, a universal nutrient medium, employed in a bioreactor, was selected for the mass propagation of potato MTs for both domestic and foreign potato varieties.

ETIOPATHOGENETIC REASONING OF URETHRAL MICROBIOTA REHABILITATION IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE INFECTIOUS URETHRITIS

The microbiota of the male genitourinary tract is a complex dynamic system that has not been sufficiently studied. Unlike the microbiome of the female urethral mucosa, which is constantly changing, the taxonomic composition and population level of the male urethral microbiome is more stable and independent of age. The aim of the study. To improve the results of treatment of patients with inflammatory processes of the urethra by determining the taxonomic composition, population level and microscopic indicators of the "macroorganism-microbiome" ecosystem of the microbiota of the urethra in men with acute urethritis.Material and methods. The taxonomic composition and population level of the first portion of urine of 69 sexually mature men (average age 34.8±7.14 years) with acute infectious (nonspecific) urethritis were investigated. Isolation of conditionally pathogenic bacteria was carried out by the bacteriological method using optimal nutrient media, their pH, temperature and cultivation time for each taxon. The identification of isolated pure cultures was carried out according to morphological, tinctorial, cultural, biochemical properties, as well as signs of pathogenicity and antigenic structure. To determine the mechanisms of colonization of the mucous membrane of the urethra by conditionally pathogenic microorganisms, the microecological method was used.Research results. According to the taxonomic composition and the level of microecological indicators of the "macroorganism-microbiome" ecosystem of the urethra microbiota (Margalef's species richness index, Whittaker's species diversity index, and Simpson's and Berger-Parker's species dominance indices), vulgar (common), hemolytic, and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, coagulase-positive staphylococcus. The leading role in the formation of urethritis is played by ordinary enterobacteria - E. coli, a slightly smaller etiological role in the formation of urethritis in men belongs to S. aureus (less by 17.83%), E. coli Hly+ (less by 28.35%), enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (by 83.12%). Other microorganisms have a minimal etiological role. Conclusions. Acute urethritis in men is a polyetiological disease. Enterobacteria E. coli, E. coli Hly+, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, K. pneumoniae, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. viridans are involved in the formation of the inflammatory process of the urethra. The leading causative agents of acute urethritis in men are E. coli, S. aureus, E. coli Hly+, enteropathogenic escherichia, which belong to uropathogenic escherichia.

The influence of the nutrient composition medium on the intensity micropropagation in vitro Fragaria × Ananassa duch.

Strawberry is one of the most economically significant crops in the world berry growing. In the course of research, the influence of the mineral composition of nutrient media on the growth and development of strawberry plants at the stage of micro-propagation proper was studied for further optimization of the technology of microclonal reproduction. The purpose of the work is to select the optimal nutrient medium for micropropagation of strawberry in vitro in the production system of healthy planting material. The research was carried out in the laboratory of biotechnology of the Russian research Institute of Fruit Grop Breeding according to generally accepted methods. The objects were important commercial varieties of garden strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) of foreign breeding: Alba (NF 311), Darselect, Kimberly, Clery, Syria (NF 137), Florence. Variants of the nutrient media formulations used: Lee and de Fossard, Gamborg and Eveleigh (B5), Knop, Murashige-Skoog with the addition of 0.8 mg/ l cytokinin 6-BAP. Optimal recipes of the nutrient medium that promote intensive proliferation and root formation in plants have been determined. For the cultivation of the studied strawberry varieties at the stage of actual micro-propagation with a high degree of regeneration, the optimal nutrient medium is the MS medium. On the nutrient Knop’s medium, the micro-plants on the second passage acquired a reddish color, not characteristic of the studied varieties. The maximum values of plant height were noted in the control variant with MS nutrient medium in the varieties Darselect (9.1 mm) and Kimberly (8.6 mm). In all other variants of the studied nutrient media, the average height of plants did not exceed 7.7 mm. Media according to the LF and B5 recipe can be used to obtain microplants suitable for planting in ex vitro conditions, excluding the rooting stage, to accelerate the production of healthy planting material. A different reaction of strawberry varieties to the mineral composition of nutrient media has been established.

Prebiotic Cellulose-Pullulan Matrix as a "Vehicle" for Probiotic Biofilm Delivery to the Host Large Intestine.

This study describes the development of a new combined polysaccharide-matrix-based technology for the immobilization of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) bacteria in biofilm form. The new composition allows for delivering the bacteria to the digestive tract in a manner that improves their robustness compared with planktonic cells and released biofilm cells. Granules consisting of a polysaccharide matrix with probiotic biofilms (PMPB) with high cell density (>9 log CFU/g) were obtained by immobilization in the optimized nutrient medium. Successful probiotic loading was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The developed prebiotic polysaccharide matrix significantly enhanced LGG viability under acidic (pH 2.0) and bile salt (0.3%) stress conditions. Enzymatic extract of feces, mimicking colon fluid in terms of cellulase activity, was used to evaluate the intestinal release of probiotics. PMPB granules showed the ability to gradually release a large number of viable LGG cells in the model colon fluid. In vivo, the oral administration of PMPB granules in rats resulted in the successful release of probiotics in the colon environment. The biofilm-forming incubation method of immobilization on a complex polysaccharide matrix tested in this study has shown high efficacy and promising potential for the development of innovative biotechnologies.

Study of Morphocultural and Biosynthetic Properties of Micromycetes Depending on the Culture Environment

Following the study of the morphocultural and biosynthetic properties of micromycetes, depending on the nutrient medium used, it was established that the culture medium significantly aff ects both the morphocultural and biosynthetic characteristics of the strains studied. The optimal nutrient medium for the studied strains is malt agar. Micromycete strains cultivated on this medium have a higher sensitivity to the pathogens Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Paenibacillus larvae compared to the tested nutrient media of Czapek, Sabouraud and starch-ammonia.

Элементы технологии производства микробиопрепаратов на основе перспективных бактериальных штаммов антагонистов возбудителя сухой гнили подсолнечника

The elements of production technologies of microbiopreparations in a preparative form wetting powder at a stationary surface cultivation of promising bacterial antagonist strains of a dry rot pathogen on sunflower. The optimal sources of nitrogen and carbon-based and compound nutrient media for cultivation of three promising bacterial strains from the genera Bacillus and Pseudomonas. An excellent source of nitrogen for a strain 5B-1 Bacillus subtilis is corn steep liquor, and of carbon – glycerin and molasses. The highest weight of dry bacterial biomass of a strain D 1-1 Bacillus sp. was on a nutrient medium where sodium nitrogen was used as a nitrogen source and sucrose and molasses – as a carbon-based source. For both bacterial strains of a genus Bacillus the optimal were such compound nutrient media as Chapek’s for bacteria and Tylon-3. For cultivation of a strain 14-4 Pseudomonas sp. the best nitrogen sources were corn steep liquor and sodium nitrogen, and carbon-based – sucrose. The most optimal compound nutrient medium for these strains were King B and Chapek’s for bacteria.

Study of the polysaccharide production by the microalgae C-1509 Nannochloris sp. Naumann

Biologically active compounds, including polysaccharides isolated from microalgae, have various properties. Although Nannochloropsis spp. have the potential to produce secondary metabolites important for biotechnology, only a small part of the research on these microalgae has focused on their ability to produce polysaccharide fractions. This study aims to evaluate the physicochemical growth factors of Nannochloropsis spp. microalgae, which ensure the maximum accumulation of polysaccharides, as well as to optimize the parameters of polysaccharide extraction. The optimal nutrient medium composition was selected to maximize biomass and polysaccharide accumulation. The significance of selecting the extraction module and extraction temperature regime, as well as the cultivation conditions (temperature and active acidity value) is emphasized. Important chemical components of polysaccharides responsible for their biological activity were identified

Лактобактерияларды дақылдауда қолданылатын қолайлы қоректік орта түрін анықтау

Мақалада табиғи сүт өнімдерінен бөлініп алынған сүтқышқылды мироорганизмдердің дақылдануы үшін қолайлы, оңтайлы қоректік орта түрін анықтауға байланысты жүргізілген зерттеу жұмыстарыберілген. Зерттеу объектілері ретінде лактобактериялардың таза белсенді дақылдары таңдап алынды. Қолайлы қоректік орта түрін анықтау мақсатында 5 түрлі стандартты және дифференсацияланған қоректік орта түрлері зерттелді. Олар MRS (de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe) қоректік ортасы, борлы агар, Эйкман сүтті агары, орамжапырақ агары, А.И. Нетрусов бойынша сүтқышқылды бактерияларға ар-налған сәбіз агары қоректік орталары. Зерттеу жұмысы үш түрлі қайталаным арқылы жүргізілді, нәтижесінде А.И. Нетрусов әдістемесі бойынша дайындалған сәбіз агары қатты қоректік ортасы бетінде өсіп шыққан сүтқышқылды микроорганизмдер саны 3,3*107 КТБ, 3,21*10 7КТБ, 3,05*107 КТБ құрап, биомасса жинақтау қарқындылығы жоғары екендігі белгілі болды. Қырыққабат агары және стандартты MRS қоректік орталарында да лактобактериялар салыстырмалы түрде жоғары өсу бел-сенділігін көрсетті. Ал борлы агар мен Эйкман сүтті агары қоректік орталарында биомасса жинақталу деңгейі басқа қоректік орталармен салыстырмалы түрде төмен екендігі анықталды. Сонымен қатар лактобактериялардың таза дақылдары аталған түрлі қоректік орталарда әр түрлі өсу ерекшелігін көрсетіп ― тұнба түзу, қатты қоректік орта бетінде майда ақ түсті колониялар түзу, колония айнала-сында мөлдірлену зонасын түзу арқылы өсетіндігі белгілі болды. Мұндай ерекшеліктер қоректік орта құрамына және лактобактерия штамының физиологиялық ерекшеліктеріне байланысты.

Cultivation and cryopreservation of rat stem cells and their interaction with lyophilised acellular matrix

With the rapid development of regenerative medicine in the 21st century, the study of the therapeutic potential of stem cells in both preclinical research and clinical trials has become particularly relevant. Preclinical studies on animals allow for a detailed understanding of the mechanisms of action of allogzeneic cell preparations, exploring their regenerative activity, pharmacodynamics, and potential side effects. The purpose of the study was to select optimal conditions for obtaining, cultivating, and cryopreserving mesenchymal stem cells from rats and analyse their interaction with the lyophilised acellular matrix. The enzymatic method was applied to obtain primary cell cultures from the umbilical cord, dermis, and muscles of Rattus norvegicus fetuses. Cell cultures were cultivated in vitro, and cell line proliferation rates were analysed using an inverted microscope. In addition, cryopreservation was performed to store cellular materials. The interaction of mesenchymal stem cells with an acellular matrix and cryopreservation of the obtained cells was at the 4 and 5th passages. It was shown that the optimal nutrient medium for cultivating the obtained lines of mesenchymal stem cells from the umbilical cord and dermis of rat fetuses is DMEM/F12 Advanced. It was established that the method of thawing the cell suspension by 10-fold dilution of dimethyl sulfoxide is more effective than the alternative method of immediate removal of cryoprotectant by centrifugation. The lyophilised acellular dermal matrix was found to have a cytotoxic effect on all cultured rat cells, while the pericardial matrix showed a positive effect on the growth of the investigated cell lines. Thus, the optimal nutrient medium and conditions for freezing/thawing of rat stem cells were selected, and the effect of lyophilised acellular matrix, planned for therapeutic use, on the obtained cell lines was determined

CLONAL MICROPROPAGATION OF PAULOWNIA IN VITRO

The purpose of the article – to develop technological methods of clonal micropropagation of paulownia in vitro. Methods. Paulownia plants Paulownia Sieb. et Zucc. were the material for the research. In the course of research, generally accepted methods in plant biotechnology were used. Aseptic work was performed in the laminar box KPG-1. Murashige and Skuga (MS) were used as the basic nutrient medium for the cultivation of isolated buds and micropods. The results. The method of clonal micropropagation based on the culture of isolated apical meristems provides a high reproduction rate, maximum genetic stability and recovery of the resulting regenerating plants. The most effective scheme of sterilization of paulownia is stepwise treatment of plant material with 70% ethanol solution and 1% sodium hypochlorite solution. The yield of sterile explants was 92.5–95.0%, viability – 90.0–97.5%. At the stage of introduction into in vitro culture, the optimal nutrient medium is MS, supplemented with kinetin 1.0 mg/l and GA 0.5 mg/l, at which the reproduction rate was the highest and was 8.7–9.2. At the stage of proper micropropagation, the most intensive proliferation of shoots also occurred on the nutrient medium MS, supplemented with kinetin 1.0 mg/l and GA 0.5 mg/l, which provided the highest reproduction rate – 10.3–12.0. At the stage of rooting of micro-shoots the most optimal was the nutrient medium 1/2 MS, supplemented with a IBА of 0.5 mg/l, at which the frequency of rhizogenesis was 95.0% and formed 5.3–7.8 roots with a length of 78.5–95.2 mm. Stepwise adaptation of plants to in vivo conditions for 40 days in climatic chambers and growing in a greenhouse ensured the yield of seedlings at the level of 85.0–95.0%. Conclusions. On the basis of the carried-out experimental researches methods of clonal micropropagation paulownia in vitro, which are expedient to use for mass production of genetically homogeneous healthy planting material.

Statistics-Based Optimization of Cellulase and Xylanase Production by the Endophytic Fungus Talaromyces Funiculosus using Agricultural Waste Materials

Lignocellulosic biomass can be utilized as a low-cost, renewable, and sustainable feedstock for obtaining non-fossil energy sources with low CO2 emission. One of the most promising technologies for producing 2G biofuels is the saccharification of agricultural waste materials with the help of cellulolytic enzymes, followed by yeast fermentation of sugars into cellulosic ethanol. Cellulases are multi-component enzymes involved in the degradation of cellulose, which can synergistically degrade cellulose and includes three major categories: endoglucanase (EC 3.2.1.4), exoglucanase or cellobiohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.91), and β-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21). The core enzyme used for the degradation of the xylan skeleton of hemicellulose is endo-β-1,4-xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8). The high cost of enzymes synthesized by fungi is a bottleneck for the production of cellulosic ethanol. Optimization of the nutrient medium composition is an important factor in increasing the production of enzymes and the efficiency of lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysis. The aim of the current study was to optimize the production of cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes through cultivation of filamentous fungus Talaromyces funiculosus on low-cost nutrient media with non-pretreated agricultural waste materials. Methods. Filamentous fungus Talaromyces funiculosus was grown on potato-dextrose agar for 10—14 days at 26±2 °С. To obtain the culture filtrate, the fungus was cultivated under submerged conditions in an Erlenmeyer flask for 4 days. The nutrient medium composition was varied according to the factor experiment design. A two-step optimization of the nutrient medium composition was used. A screening experiment with the Plackett-Burman fractional factorial design and response surface methodology with the Box-Behnken design were used to optimize cellulase production. The enzymatic activity was determined by measuring the reduced sugar production after the enzymes hydrolysis with specific substrates: exoglucanase with filter paper, endoglucanase with carboxymethylcellulose, and xylanase with beech wood xylan, using the colorimetric DNS method with glucose or xylose as a standard. The activity of β-glucosidase was determined by the hydrolysis reaction of p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, which results in the formation of p-nitrophenol, quantified at 410 nm. Results. As a result of experiments with using agricultural waste, including wheat straw, corn stalk, and corn cob as carbon sources of the culture medium, it was shown that T. funiculosus is able to grow and produce cellulase and xylanase on all non-pretreated substrates studied. The two-step sequential optimization of the nutrient medium composition for T. funiculosus cultivation according to the Plackett-Berman and Box-Behnken designs made it possible to increase the activity of cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes by 2.4—2.6 times. The optimized cultivation medium does not contain such expensive components as Avicel, peptone, and yeast extract and has the following composition, g/L: corn stalks — 50.0; urea — 0.86; NaNO3 — 1.0; KH2PO4 — 6.0; KCl — 0.25; MgSO4 — 0.25; FeSO4 — 0.01. Conclusions. The studied strain of T. funiculosus produces a lignocellulosic enzyme complex with a high level of β-glucosidase activity when cultivated on an optimized nutrient medium with untreated agricultural waste and is promising for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars.

OPTIMIZATION OF THE NUTRIENT MEDIUM FOR THE PRIMARY STAGES OF COMMON WALNUT MICROCLONAL PROPAGATION IN VITRO

SummaryAim. To optimize the processes of microclonal propagation of Juglans regia in vitro by selecting the composition and consistency of the nutrient medium. Methods. The methods of in vitro culture establishment of initial explants and microclonal propagation were used. Parts of the stem and buds of young sprouts, germinated by the mini-greenhouse method from the seeds of Juglans regia, were used as initial explants. Murashige&Skoog (MS) and Driver&Kuniyuki (DKW) nutrient media were used to establish Juglans regia explants in vitro. Agar was used as a gelling agent. The solid, semi-liquid, and liquid media were prepared with addition of 7 g/l, 3.5 g/l and 0 g/l of agar, respectively. All experimental variants of the media were modified by adding the phytohormone of the cytokinin group 6-BAP. The pH of the medium was controlled at the level of 7.1–7.2. The established explants in vitro were cultivated at a temperature of + 25°C, a light intensity of 2500 lux, a relative humidity of 56–70% and a photoperiod 16/8 h light/dark. On the 3rd, 7th and 14th day, the survival rate, growth and development parameters of the initial explants were estimated. Results. It was found that the optimal nutrient medium for in vitro establishment and cultivation of Juglans regia is the DKW medium, on which the high survival rate of explants was observed (80%), as well as accelerated swelling of buds and their proliferation. It is proposed to use semi-liquid nutrient media for in vitro establishment of initial Juglans regia explants. The use of semi-liquid nutrient medium DKW for the initial stages of common walnut micropropagation in vitro contributed to the acceleration of the processes of reproduction of this culture by 2 days and improved the survival rate by 20% compared to solid medium. Conclusion. The use of semi-liquid nutrient medium DKW for introduction into the culture and cultivation of walnut (Juglans regia) in vitro is recommended to increase the survival rate of explants by 20%, as well as the accelerated activation of buds (2 days) and their further proliferation.

Cultural and morphological features of <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> and <i>Fusarium brachygibbosum</i> species associated with garden strawberry plants

This study is focused on two micromycetes of the genus Fusarium: the complex species F. oxysporum and F. brachygibbosum Padwick isolated from strawberry roots from different regions of Russia. Studies were performed in 2021-2022 on samples of symptomatic plants collected in the Republic of Crimea and Voronezh Oblast. The micromycetes were studied by means of a combination of classical biological methods and molecular genetic approaches with decoding of nucleotide sequences. The subject of the work was to study the biological features of F. oxysporum and F. brachygibbosum Padwick. The work included the study of macro- and micro features of the target objects. The following cultural features were determined: structure and coloring of aerial and substrate mycelium, character of colony surface, growth rate, sporulation of fungi, pigmentation of structures and nutrient media on the studied media. The species F. brachygibbosum from planting material of strawberry originating from the Republic of Crimea was isolated and identified for the first time. As a result of studies of different composition of nutrient media, it was found that potato-glucose agar (PGA) 2 % is the most optimal nutrient medium for growth and sporulation of target isolates. It was determined that the addition of citric acid to PGA altered the macro features of the mycelium of F. brachygibbosum. Universal sites of several genes (internal transcribed spacer, actin gene, elongation translation factor gene) were studied for species identification of F. oxysporum and F. brachygibbosum. Variable gene sites for identification of the species identity of Fusarium isolates were determined. It was revealed that ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and TEF sites could be used for interspecific differentiation of Fusarium wilts.

Dependence of the xanthan exopolysaccharide synthesis on the composition of the nutritional medium

The possibility of changing the composition of the feed by replacing glucose with equivalent amounts of sucrose, starch, maltose was investigated. It was found that in the case of using sucrose, the kinematic viscosity of the culture liquid increased by more than 3 times. The replacement of ammonium sulphate in the composition of the nutrient medium with glycine, histidine and asparagine did not stimulate the growth of the producer and its synthesis of exopolysaccharide. At the same time, the replacement of citrate with fumarate made it possible to increase the concentration of biomass by 3 times and the kinematic viscosity of the samples by 8.5 times compared with the control. Based on the data obtained, it was proposed to optimize the composition of the nutrient medium by replacing citrate with fumarate and introducing sucrose-based feed instead of glucose. The study of the structural-dynamic state of EPS samples obtained during cultivation on an optimized nutrient medium using NMR relaxometry made it possible to detect a change in the xanthan structure.

Propagation of Chlorella Vulgaris and Scenedesmus Obliquus in Dengizkul Lake and determination of protein content in them

The relative differentiation of the protein content in green algae grown in the contours of the Dengizkul reservoir was due to the fact that the level of mineralization of the water of the contours was low at the entrances(mouth) of the lake and high at the contours remote from it. Therefore, when growing green algae with a high protein content of Сhlorella vulgaris Beijer. and Scenedesmus obliquus (Turp.) Kütz., the most optimal nutrient medium is the variant in which the juice of poultry manure is mixed with 1,2,3 g / l of water. The recommendations on the breeding of Сhlorella vulgaris Beijer. and Scenedesmus obliquus (Turp.) Kütz. suspension grown in pools in semi-productive conditions by feeding fish Hypophthalmichthys molitrix are scientifically substantiated.

Development of the Polyphenol Compounds from Plant Raw Materials by the Cell Micropropagation IN VITRO Method

One of the ways to design polyfunctional ingredients that determine the functional properties of food products are complex food additives consisting of valuable plant raw materials. The additives quality depends on the used raw materials adequacy, time and collection place, and the plant cultivation conditions. The traditional plantation method requires significant costs to obtain secondary metabolites determining physiological plant materials value. The research aim is to obtain polyphenolic compounds from phyto-raw materials by microclonal cell propagation under sterile laboratory conditions. The leaves and berries cells of cowberries and cranberries containing a significant number of polyphenols are the research objects. For example, cranberries growing in the south of the Tyumen region contain anthocyanins 97.8 mg/100 g and leukoanthocyanins 459.6 mg/100 g, and berries growing in the Arctic territories of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug contain 224.7 and 480.2 mg/100 g, respectively. At the initial stage, the researchers sterilized objects, instruments, and equipment. They determined the sterilization duration experimentally. The study revealed that with a longer sterilization duration, there was a change in color and an increase in cell toxicity, with a minimum duration, pathogenic microorganisms remained in the medium. After sterilization, a man cultured the cells in the light under fluorescent lamps with illumination of 100 mmol quanta/m²; photoperiod of 20 h per day; in nutrient media with an acidity of pH 5.2–5.4; 25 ml in volume; enriched with the auxins and cytokinins hormones. The researchers used Kundu phytohormones to regulate the secondary metabolites synthesis. They utilized Murashige Skoog and Anderson agar media to find the optimal nutrient medium in order to obtain the maximum increase in polyphenolic compounds in plant cells. A man developed the third agar media independently, considering the prospects of an individual approach to the more efficient producers growth.

Features of in vitro cultivation of rare species of the family Iridaceae Juss.

This article provides information about improving of the clonal micropropagation technology and in vitro reproduction peculiarities of some species of family Iridaceae Juss. In vitro collection of Volgograd regional botanical garden (VRBG) contains 6 species of genus Iris. As a result of the research, optimization of cultivation conditions at different stages of clonal micropropagation of species genus Iris L. cultures was carried out.
 The optimal mode of sterilization seeds of species of the genus Iris has been selected - a 5% solution of Lysofornin® 3000 at an exposure of 10 minutes. The features of the development of Iris notha and Iris pseudonotha seedlings on nutrient media with a high content of cytokinins and auxins have been studied. The greatest regenerative activity in Iris pseudonotha and Iris notha was observed on the nutrient media У MS 2 iP 1.0 mg/l + 0.5 mg/l IBA and MS + 13 mg/l BAP + 7.0 mg/l IAA, the reproduction coefficient was 7.5 and 4.7, respectively. The optimal nutrient medium for Iris pumila for long-term cultivation in vitro is the Knudson nutrient medium; regenerate plants have a slow uniform growth, while the number of abnormal and non-viable plants is minimal, which allows Iris pumila to be preserved in the collection in vitro for a long time.

Подбор и оптимизация среды для выращивания биотехнологически значимых культур водорослей на примере Chlorococcum sp.

The influence of some abiotic factors on the cultivation of biotechnologically significant algae cultures is considered on the example of Chlorococcum sp. with the selection of the optimal nutrient medium, its modification in order to maximize the growth of microalgae biomass and reduce the cost of their cultivation process. During the experiment, the medium for algae cultivation was modified, which had different parameters from the classical Prata medium, giving more intensive growth of algae and economic advantages of growing Chlorococcum sp. Keywords: GREEN ALGAE, PRODUCTIVITY, CHLOROCOCCUM SP., PRATA MEDIUM