Optimal Dose Of Application Research Articles

Characteristics of the preservative effect of various biological drugs in the preparation of feed from perennial legumes

In many regions of our country, silage and haylage from herbs in the rations of cattle occupy more than 50 % in nutritional value. They are characterized by an optimal concentration of dry matter, crude protein and energy. These feeds are well eaten and digested by animals and have a long storage life, which allows them to be used throughout the year. Alfalfa, meadow clover and other perennial legumes have a high nutritional value when harvesting in the early phases of vegetation, the content of crude protein in which reaches 18,4-26,7 %, and the metabolic energy exceeds 10,4 MJ in the dry matter of the herbage. The purpose of the research was to compare the eff ectiveness of biological drugs used in silage and haylage making of the main types of high-protein legumes and grass mixtures based on them, to identify the most promising in terms of preserving effect, effect on feed digestibility and animal productivity. Comparative tests have been carried out to assess the effectiveness of using a number of modern biological products for canning diff erent types of unsilable and diffi cult silable legumes. Experimental data have been obtained on the eff ect on the safety, quality, digestibility and productive eff ect of the obtained feed when fed in the rations of highly productive lactating cows. The preservative eff ect of a new domestic enzyme-bacterial drug in the silage of perennial legumes has been studied, the optimal dose of application and conditions for eff ective use have been established. In order to increase the volume and increase the profitability of milk production, it is advisable to include in the rations of lactating cows silage prepared from air-dried alfalfa with the addition of a domestic biological drug Biotrof-111 in the dose recommended by the manufacturer.

Консервирование бобовых трав и бобово-злаковых травосмесей с новым биологическим препаратом

The results of testing a domestic experimental biological additive on perennial legume grasses are pre-sented in this article. High-quality silage was obtained with new preparation on active acidity, content and ratio of organic acids, ammonia, parameters of nutrient losses. The optimal dose of application was de-termined: at ensiling the basic types of legumes — 80 ml/t, for forage galega — 100 ml/t. Under scientific and production conditions the experimental biological additive was used for ensiling alfalfa-gramineous grass mixture, that was non-ensiling raw material. The enzyme-bacterial additive Acidphast NC GOLD, produced by ''Lallemand'' Company, and the Finnish chemical preparation AIV 3 PLUS were used as the controls. The high quality of silage with a new additive was revealed on the basic organoleptic and bio-chemical parameters in comparison to feed, prepared with biological additive Acidphast NC GOLD. Then the nutritional value of obtained silage in each variant was determined in physiological experiments at feeding Romanov`s rams-valukhi when used as the only feed with addition of mineral supplements. A higher digestibility of crude fiber and fat in feeds with biological additives was found. The energy nutri-tional value of the silage with the experimental additive was 9.6 MJ metabolizable energy per 1 kg of dry matter versus 9.5 and 9.4 in feeds, prepared with Acidphast NC GOLD and chemical preservative AIV 3 PLUS respectively. Our investigations proved the high effectiveness of the experimental sample of new enzyme-bacterial additive at preservation of different species of legume grasses.

Commercial and farm fermented liquid organic amendments to improve soil quality and lettuce yield

The anaerobic decomposition of organic wastes might lead to the formation of organic-byproducts which can then be successfully used as organic fertilizers. This study evaluated the impact of the application of two fermented liquid organic amendments (commercial vs. farm-made) at two doses of application (optimal vs. suboptimal), compared to mineral fertilization, on lettuce growth and soil quality. To this purpose, two experiments were conducted at microcosm- and field-scale, respectively. In the microcosm experiment, organically amended soils resulted in lower lettuce yield than minerally fertilized soil but, in contrast, they enhanced microbial activity and biomass, thus leading to an improvement in soil quality. The fertilization regime (organic vs. inorganic) significantly affected soil microbial composition but did not have any significant effect on structural or functional prokaryotic diversity. In the field experiment, at the optimal dose of application, organically-amended soils resulted in comparable lettuce yield to that displayed by minerally fertilized soils. The application of organic amendments did not result in an enhanced microbial activity and biomass, compared to mineral fertilization, but led to a higher soil prokaryotic diversity. Among the organically-amended plots, the optimal application dose resulted in a higher lettuce yield and soil microbial activity and biomass, but led to a decline in soil prokaryotic diversity, compared to the suboptimal application dose. Our results indicate that commercial and farm-made fermented liquid organic amendments possess the potential to ameliorate soil quality while sustaining crop yield. Given the strong influence of other factors (e.g., type of soil, dose of application) on the effects exerted by such amendments on soil quality and fertility, we recommend that an exhaustive characterization of both the amendments and the recipient soils should be carried out prior to their application, in order to better ensure their potential beneficial effects.

Application of organic waste composts when producing forest planting material

Most seedlings and saplings of woody plants in the Russian Federation are produced in the open ground in forest nurseries. In order to produce high quality planting material it is necessary to support and preserve soil fertility, which can be obtained by using organic wastes and organic-based fertilizers. Our research is aimed at the assessment of the influence of non-conventional organic fertilizers on fertility of podzols and on the growth rate of seedlings and saplings of woody plants in forest nurseries. Our research shows, that the application of non-conventional organic fertilizers does not result in any accumulation of heavy metal salts in podzols, but optimizes hydro physical and agrochemical properties of the ploughed horizon. The efficiency of non-conventional organic fertilizers depends on their composition, physical and chemical characteristics of the original components, their doses applied and original fertility of soils. A combined application of non-conventional organic fertilizers and sand results in the optimization of practically all soil fertility parameters in middle clay-loam soils, while application of non-conventional organic fertilizers and clay is optimal for application on light soils. The optimal application dose of non-conventional fertilizers depends on soil texture, woody species and the fertilizer composition. An optimal application dose for Norway spruce on a light clay-loam soil is 50-80 tons/ha, and on a middle clay-loam soil is 149-182 tons/ha. It is 50 tons/ha for Scots pine growing on a sandy loam soil, and 100 tons/ha for the same species growing on a sandy soil or a light clay-loam. For Siberian larch growing on a light clay-loam soil the dose of fertilizer applied should be 150 tons/ha. It is recommended to apply composts containing over 50% (by weight) of Category II wastes (substrate) for the amelioration of light soils, and composts containing over 40% (by weight) of Category I wastes (filler) for the amelioration of heavy soils. It would allow for the optimization of soil properties and production of better quality planting material in forest nurseries.