Optical Properties Of Nd3 Research Articles

Effect of substituting ZnO to ZnF₂ on Optical Properties of Nd³⁺/Tm³⁺ Doped Tungsten-Bismuth-Tellurite Glass

Effect of substituting ZnO to ZnF₂ on Optical Properties of Nd³⁺/Tm³⁺ Doped Tungsten-Bismuth-Tellurite Glass

Physical and optical properties of Nd3+ co-doped Al in sol–gel silicate glasses

Physical and optical properties of Nd3+ co-doped Al in sol–gel silicate glasses

The effect of Al3+ ions on the self-reduction process of Yb3+ to Yb2+ ions and optical properties of Nd3+/Ybn+ (n = 3, 2) co-doped transparent silicate glass-ceramics containing Ba2LaF7 nanocrystals and Ag nanoparticles

The effect of Al3+ ions in the AlF3 compound on the reduction process of Yb3+ to Yb2+ ions in SiO2–AlF3–BaF2–TiO2–LaF3 (SABTL) transparent silicate glass-ceramics was investigated. The valence states of the elements in the raw materials mixture existing in the transparent silicate glass-ceramics were determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectrum analysis. The transparent silicate glass-ceramics SABTL containing Ba2LaF7 nanocrystals and Silver (Ag) nanoparticles (AgNPs) were identified through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image. With the increase of Al3+ ions molar concentration, the self-reduction process of Yb3+ to Yb2+ ions was enhanced and thus significantly affected the optical bandgaps and upconversion (UC)-, near-infrared (NIR)- emissions of Nd3+/Yb3+ co-doped in SABTL containing Ba2LaF7 nanocrystals and AgNPs under excitation of 980 nm laser diode (LD). The optimal molar concentration ratio between SiO2 and AlF3 compound was determined such that the NIR bandwidth flatness of Nd3+/Yb3+ co-doped in SABTL containing Ba2LaF7 nanocrystals in the wavelength range of 1000–1200 nm was the flattest. In addition, the CIE 1931 (x, y) color coordinates for UC- and visible (VIS)- emissions of Nd3+/Yb3+ co-doped SABTL-0.5Nd2Yb-xAg (x = 0, 2, 3, 4, and 5) glass-ceramics samples are also calculated and determined the color region for light-emitting diode (LED) application.

Preparation and Optical Properties of Nd:Bi2Ti2O7 Laser Crystal with Disordered Structure and Attractive Multiwavelength Emission Characteristics.

Laser crystals with multiwavelength emission characteristics are potential light sources for terahertz radiation. Herein, the pure and Nd-doped Bi2Ti2O7 (BTO) laser crystals with sizes up to 16 × 13 × 5 mm3 were successfully grown using the flux method in the KF-B2O3-CaBi4Ti4O15 growth system. The crystal structure, ideal morphology, chemical, mechanical, and thermal properties, optical transmission and Raman spectra, refractive index, absorption, and fluorescence spectra, as well as fluorescence lifetimes, were systematically studied. Besides, the spectral parameters of Nd3+ ions in the BTO crystal were systematically calculated based on the Judd-Ofelt theory. The Nd:BTO crystal has a wide transmittance range (0.44-7.30 μm), a small coefficient of thermal expansion (5.80 × 10-6 K-1), and a large absorption full width at half-maximum (fwhm) (31.2 nm) at around ∼804 nm, making it more potential for use in high-power laser systems. Moreover, fluorescence spectra show four emission peaks at 1054, 1062, 1104, and 1112 nm. The strong multiwavelength emission property makes Nd:BTO a promising laser crystal, serving as a potential light source for terahertz radiation.

Improved microstructure and optical properties of Nd:YAG ceramics by hot isostatic pressing

Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) has unique advantages in the preparation of high-density, fine-grained ceramics. In this work, 1.0 at.% neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) powders were prepared via solid-state reaction (SSR) and co-precipitation (CP) methods, and differences in their microstructure after being subjected to the same sintering process were compared. After calcination of raw materials at different temperatures, there was significant phase change at 800 °C-1400 °C for SSR powders. However, this process did not occur for CP powders. Average grain size of Nd:YAG ceramics prepared via CP method was smaller than that of ceramics prepared via SSR method. HIP provided significant improvement in both microstructure and in-line transmittance of ceramics. Ceramics pre-fired under vacuum at 1700 °C showed slight increase in grain size after HIP, with densities close to 100%, and clean, narrow grain boundaries. Moreover, in-line transmittance of ceramics increased from 69.91% to 80.37% (at 1064 nm) via HIP.

PHOTOLUMINESCENCE PROPERTIES OF Nd3+, Yb3+ CODOPED Ga2O3 NANOPARTICLES

The availability of sensitive photon detectors and inexpensive lasers allowed us to explore more efficient fluorescent probes that will work in the second near-infrared optical window. In this study, the optical properties of Nd3+ and Yb3+ co-doped Ga2O3 nanoparticles were studied. In order to indicate the correlation between particle size, crystallinity, and optical property of present samples XRD, TEM, and Photoluminescence analyses were performed. Various excitation wavelengths and dopant concentrations were used to understand the energy transfer mechanism in Nd3+ and Yb3+ co-doped Ga2O3 nanoparticles. As the excitation wavelength increased from 325 nm to 477 and 515 nm, Yb3+ emission peak intensity decreased while Nd3+ emission peak intensity increased. This inverse relationship between the emission intensities of Yb3+ and Nd3+ ion showed the presence of energy transfer between them. The resulting emission peaks were broad and weak, indicating the presence of a non-radiative decay channel due to the crystal defects.

Luminescent Properties of Phosphonate Ester-Supported Neodymium(III) Nitrate and Chloride Complexes.

This study examines the synthesis of two geminal bisphosphonate ester-supported Ln3+ complexes [Ln(L3)2(NO3)3] (Ln = Nd3+ (5), La3+ (6)) and optical properties of the neodymium(III) complex. These results are compared to known mono-phosphonate ester-based Nd3+ complexes [Nd(L1/L2)3X3]n (X = NO3-, n = 1; Cl-, n = 2) (1-4). The optical properties of Nd3+ compounds are determined by micro-photoluminescence (µ-PL) spectroscopy which reveals three characteristic metal-centered emission bands in the NIR region related to transitions from 4F3/2 excited state. Additionally, two emission bands from 4F5/2, 2H9/2 → 4IJ (J = 11/2, 13/2) transitions were observed. PL spectroscopy of equimolar complex solutions in dry dichloromethane (DCM) revealed remarkably higher emission intensity of the mono-phosphonate ester-based complexes in comparison to their bisphosphonate ester congener. The temperature-dependent PL measurements enable assignment of the emission lines of the 4F3/2 → 4I9/2 transition. Furthermore, low-temperature polarization-dependent measurements of the transitions from R1 and R2 Stark sublevel of 4F3/2 state to the 4I9/2 state for crystals of [Nd(L3)2(NO3)3] (5) are discussed.

Electrical and optical properties of Nd3+-doped rhombohedral Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 ferroelectric single crystal

Lead Magnesium Niobate Titanate 0.74 Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.26PbTiO3 (0.74PMN-0.26 PT) single crystal doped with 1 mol% Nd3+ was grown by a modified Bridgman approach. Powder X-ray diffraction exhibited perovskite structure containing rhombohedral phase. The dielectric constants of various orientations with temperature were determined. We observed that the polarization process increases the crystal optical performances. The transmittance is significantly increased after poled along [011] direction. Optical properties changes were interpreted by electric domain structure. Energy band gaps were obtained by Tauc equation. Nd3+ has a strong emission transition band near 1062 nm; the long radiation lifetime of 148 μs indicates a low quenching effect. For the Nd-doped PMN-PT single crystals, their optical and electrical performances have been explored to extend the applications in medical, military and practical industrial production.

Structural and optical properties of Nd doped LaPO4

In this study, effect of Nd doping, as a dopant material on the structural, optical and electronic properties of lanthanum monazite structure has been studied. Pure and Nd:LaPO4 powders with varying Nd concentrations were prepared via conventional high-temperature solid-state reaction method. Compositional information obtained using Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed that within the detection limit, no impurities were present in the samples. Oxidation states of the elements were confirmed from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (La and Nd) and X-ray absorption near edge structure studies (La). X-ray diffraction showed the formation of monoclinic crystal structure without any phase impurity. Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopic measurements confirmed the substitution of Nd in LaPO4 matrix. We also report the first ever local structure analysis using Extended X-ray absorption fine structure which showed that the Nd atoms have successfully substituted La atoms in LaPO4 matrix. The bandgaps were obtained from Diffuse reflectance UV-Visible spectroscopy.

Optical properties of Nd,Th:LaAlO3 demonstrates its potential in high-energy pulsed laser

Report, to the best of our knowledge, the first laser operation of perovskite oxide LaAlO3 doped with 1 at.% Nd ions and 0.2 at.%Th (Nd,Th:LaAlO3). Optical properties of Nd,Th:LaAlO3 were demonstrated. We study the influence of Th dopants on the domain structure and spectroscopic properties of LaAlO3. Under 793 nm diode-pumped excitation, we achieve a continuous-wave laser output at 1080 nm with a slope efficiency of 36 % and an optical-to-optical efficiency of 34 % under a Toc = 5 % output coupler. The emission cross section of Nd,Th:LaAlO3 reaches 3.65 × 10−20 cm2 at 1080 nm, the saturation flux is 5 J/cm2. The fluorescence lifetime reaches 317 μs and the thermal conductivity is 10.3 W/m·K at 25 °C. Considering its excellent mechanical properties and thermal conductivity, Nd,Th:LaAlO3 is a promising high-energy pulsed laser material.

Structure and Optical Properties of Nd3+-Doped Multicomponent Borosilicate Glass

Structure and Optical Properties of Nd3+-Doped Multicomponent Borosilicate Glass

Optical properties of Nd3+ ions in (Ca4Nb2)1-xNd2xO9–6x solid solution

The Ca4Nb2O9–xNd2O3 (where x = 0.1–1.0) pseudobinary samples were synthesized by the high-temperature solid state method. Optical properties of Nd3+ ions in this oxide system were studied and related to the structural phase transition dependent on the Nd2O3 oxide content. Structural and optical properties are discussed based on ATR IR, dielectric, diffuse reflectance and emission spectra measurements. The spectroscopic studies show a structural phase transition occurring for x = 0.5 and for which the initial limited solid solution transforms to the diphasic form of Ca2NdNbO6 and Nd2O3.

Structural and optical properties of Nd:YAB-nanoparticle-doped PDMS elastomers for random lasers

We report the structural and optical properties of Nd:YAB (NdxY1−x Al3(BO3)4)-nanoparticle-doped PDMS elastomer films for random lasing (RL) applications. Nanoparticles with Nd ratios of x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 were prepared and then incorporated into the PDMS elastomer to control the optical gain density and scattering center content over a wide range. The morphology and thermal stability of the elastomer composites were studied. A systematic investigation of the lasing wavelength, threshold, and linewidth of the laser was carried out by tailoring the concentration and optical gain of the scattering centers. The minimum threshold and linewidth were found to be 0.13 mJ and 0.8 nm for x = 1 and 0.8. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the RL intensity was easily tuned by controlling the degree of mechanical stretching, with strain reaching up to 300%. A strong, repeatable lasing spectrum over ~ 50 cycles of applied strain was observed, which demonstrates the high reproducibility and robustness of the RL. In consideration for biomedical applications that require long-term RL stability, we studied the intensity fluctuation of the RL emission, and confirmed that it followed Lévy-like statistics. Our work highlights the importance of using rare-earth doped nanoparticles with polymers for RL applications.

Charge-stripe fluctuations in Nd4Ni3O8 as evidenced by optical spectroscopy

We present an investigation into the optical properties of Nd$_{4}$Ni$_{3}$O$_{8}$ at different temperatures from 300 down to 5~K over a broad frequency range. The optical conductivity at 5~K is decomposed into IR-active phonons, a far-infrared band $\alpha$, a mid-infrared band $\beta$, and a high-energy absorption edge. By comparing the measured optical conductivity to first-principles calculations and the optical response of other nickelates, we find that Nd$_{4}$Ni$_{3}$O$_{8}$ features evident charge-stripe fluctuations. The $\beta$ band is attributed to electronic transitions between the gapped Ni-$d_{x^2-y^2}$ bands due to fluctuating charge stripes, while the high-frequency absorption edge corresponds to the onset of transitions involving other high-energy bands. Furthermore, an analysis of the temperature-dependent optical spectral weight reveals a $T^{2}$ law, which is likely to originate from strong correlation effects.

Optical properties of Nd3+ ions doped GdTaO4 for pressure and temperature sensing

Pressure- and temperature-dependent luminescence properties of 3F3/2 → 4I9/2 transition of Nd3+:GdTaO4 were studied for potential applications in optical sensing. Two isolated emission lines corresponding to 3F3/2 (R2, 1) → 4I9/2 (Z5) transitions, located at 920 and 927 nm under ambient condition, are very sensitive to pressure with coefficients of −15.6 and −14.5 cm−1/GPa determined in a pressure range up to about 9 GPa. The luminescence intensity ratio between the two emission lines exhibits a large dependence with temperature in a range from 80 to 620 K, the corresponding temperature sensitivity at room temperature is similar to that of Nd3+:YAG. These advantages, together with the other observed features of high stable position relationship under pressure and low thermal shifts for the two emission lines indicate that Nd3+:GdTaO4 is a promising candidate to be used as pressure and temperature sensors in the near-infrared spectral range.

Structural and optical properties of Nd3+ doped GeO2-PbO glass modified by TiO2 for applications in laser and fiber amplifier

Abstract Structural and optical properties of Nd3+ doped GeO2-PbO glass modified by TiO2 were investigated. The glass composition studied was (59-x)GeO2-41PbO-xTiO2, where x = 0, 1, 2 and 5 mol%. X-ray diffraction confirmed the amorphous nature of the samples. The glass transition temperature increased with the increase of the TiO2 content. The sample containing 1 mol% of TiO2 presented the largest values of density (6.5 g/cm3), refractive index (2.01 at 550 nm) and optical bandgap (3.24 eV) compared with the other TiO2 concentrations. A blue shift in the absorption edge and an enhancement of the luminescence in the NIR spectral region under UV-VIS excitation were observed for the Nd3+ doped-58GeO2-41PbO-1TiO2 glass.

Heating parameter optimization and optical properties of Nd:YAG transparent ceramics prepared by microwave sintering

Nd-doped YAG transparent ceramics were prepared by microwave sintering. In this paper, the green bodies from high-purity commercial powders were sintered from 900 °C to 1750 °C for different lengths of time (0.5–2 h) by microwave heating. By optimizing the microwave heating parameters (the heating rate at different stages of microwave sintering, sintering temperature and holding time), the microstructures and optical properties of transparent ceramics can be effectively improved. The phase transformation, densification process and optical properties of Nd:YAG transparent ceramics were discussed. The liquid phases strongly absorb microwave radiation and affect the sintering results of samples during microwave sintering. The highest in-line transmittances of Nd:YAG transparent ceramic fabricated at 1750 °C for 2 h were 76.5% at 400 nm and 80.6% at 1064 nm. The fluorescence emission spectra and lifetime depending on different heating conditions were also discussed.

Optical properties of Nd3+-doped phosphate glasses

Multi-component phosphate glasses with various Nd2O3 content have been prepared using conventional melt-quenching technique. X-ray diffraction was carried out to study the structure of the prepared samples and it was found that all the obtained samples are amorphous. Electrostatic F(2), F(4), F(6), and spin–orbit parameters have been determined from the absorption spectra. Judd-Ofelt theory has been used to analyze and evaluate the radiative transition probability, branching ratio, and radiative lifetime for the metastable level 4F3/2. Luminescence spectra and experimental lifetimes give information regarding the absence of chemical clustering and suggest that the physical clustering is negligible making the glass a suitable candidate for photonic applications.

Optical properties of Nd:KGW crystal in the range of 0.2–2.1 THz

We study optical properties of 1% Nd-doped KGW crystal by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy in the range of 0.2–2.1 THz. We find dispersion of the measured refractive indices in the studied frequency range. Their values for the three optical axes are ng = 3.75, nm = 3.37, np = 3.40 at 1 THz indicating the birefringence of Δn = ng – nm ≈ 0.38. We observe an increasing absorption for all three axes with dichroism up to 20 cm−1 at 2 THz. We attribute the main source of the dispersion and increasing absorption to phonon oscillations at 2.58 and 2.7 THz outside of the studied frequency range.

Control of defects and their luminescence properties in Nd:YAG crystals by laser irradiation

This paper presents luminescence properties of Nd:YAG crystal defects including oxygen vacancy, O− hole center, F and F+ centers before and after laser pre-irradiation. These Nd:YAG crystal defects have the photoluminescence emission peaks in the range of ∼350–500 nm in the UV–Vis region of the spectrum. Under different laser parameters, irradiated crystals show different photoluminescence properties. The results show that laser irradiation can control photoluminescence properties of the Nd:YAG crystal samples. The present work can give a new approach to modify optical properties of Nd:YAG crystals to be used in a wide variety of solid-state laser engineering.