Opposite Turn Research Articles

Ensinando física através do radioamadorismo

Em nossas escolas a relação ensino-aprendizagem, na maioria das vezes, restringe-se à tentativa de atingir o objetivo dos alunos obterem grau suficiente para serem aprovados no final do ano, sem haver maior preocupação com a aprendizagem significativa e contextualizada dos conteúdos ensinados, e com a interação social que promova a discussão dos assuntos estudados. Apresentamos uma proposta de ensino utilizando o radioamadorismo como tema motivador, em uma tentativa de melhor qualificar o aprendizado de física. Adotamos como referencial as teorias de aprendizagem significativa, de David Ausubel, e da interação social, de Lev Vygotsky. O projeto, a montagem de uma estação radioamadora para fins educacionais, em especial para o ensino da física, foi aplicado no segundo semestre de 2010, com a participação voluntária de alunos da série final do Ensino Fundamental e das três séries do nível médio do Colégio Militar de Porto Alegre, na modalidade ensino extracurricular, no contraturno do horário regular das aulas. É apresentado um relato da experiência e dos resultados alcançados, além de um texto-guia facilitador do professor que se interessar em reproduzir experiência semelhante.

Gower’s Chronicles of Invention: Historiography and Productive Poetry in Book 4 of the Confessio Amantis

For Nowlin, passage in CA 4.2362-2745 that Macaulay headed Uses of Labour actually consists of three separate of invention, detailing the greatest 'inventions' of human culture (183), and these chronicles, he argues, allow to speak to historical project of as a whole--that is, historical project of rewriting of past in order to help restore a fallen present (183). reveals his interest in historiography and his awareness that 'history' itself is a discursive construction (184) throughout his works, but particularly in Visio in VC Book 1 and also elsewhere in CA, where he claims the form as well as matter of (185). The chronicle form does pose a certain dilemma, however, for while offering instructive examples from past, also suggests inevitable decay, contrary to Gower's own purpose, as illustrated in discussion of gentilesse that precedes passage in Book 4 that Nowlin examines. This, then, is problem for chronicler: How can a poet activate productive aspects of chronicle form without reintegrating its potentially corrosive elements? (188). The answer lies in Gower's imitation of practices in late medieval English chronicles that embed within a historiographic expression a dramatization of processes of invention. The productive, imaginative, and ultimately generative work of counteracts corrupting effects of chronicle narratives (188). The model is provided by Ranulf Higden's Polychronicon and Trevisa's translation, which offer a model of both in their principles of selection and arrangement and in invitation to reader to participate in historiographic process. In Book 4, Gower carefully works through conflation of historiography and characteristic of Polychronicon. There, he locates and enacts a compositional process that works to restore productive potential of chronicle form and estrange that form from movement toward discord demonstrated by history of 'gentilesse' (192). The details of Nowlin's account of that process cannot adequately be summarized here. In brief, Gower begins in first chronicle of by emphasizing form and labor of historiographic production, then by narrating simultaneous emergence of and historiography from chronicle of cultural development (192). seems to offer analogue for poetic invention that might be able to 'invent' a way out of corrosive chronicle form established in history of 'gentilesse.' But opposite turns out to be case because of failure of modern alchemists to match their predecessors (195). Alchemy represents at once failure of historiographic narration and productive invention (196). final chronicle in book 4 is something of a restart. It focuses specifically on 'our Marches hiere' (4.2633), that is, Roman tradition that produced Latin grammar, rhetoric, and ultimately Ovid--and by extension, 'Confessio Amantis' (197). The operating principle is congruite (4.2646): the Roman chronicle operates through an appositional, congruous organization that combines tenets of poetic with chronicle form. encodes process of poetic composition into structure of Roman chronicle, replacing chronology with inventional topics. He thereby replaces temporal discord that characterizes progression of chronicles with a structural system that, by definition, encourages discovery, choice, and possibility (198). Here, then, generates a new kind of English poetry, one that invests chronicle form with a vitality that would seem to have productive consequences for of both historiography and poetry (199). In conclusion, These chronicles reveal Gower's working through central historical problem for Confessio--the effort to salvage form of historiography along with its matter, but in a 'newe' way. . . . Adapting a fourteenth-century chronicle practice and applying to his long poem about love, foregrounds mechanism of poetic and historiographic composition and transforms force of codified historical progression into productive poetic creation. His chronicles prompt reflection and investigation, but they also suggest how a massive English poem like might be imagined as self-sustaining, and capable of becoming a kind of imaginative algorithm for poetic posterity. The labor of an English poet-chronicler, Confessio itself becomes a new kind of chronicle that invents history rather than a poem that merely uses it (201). [PN. Copyright. JGN 33.1].

The Value of Microblogging in Education

In this article, Terry Freedman looks at how microblogging services such as Twitter, Edmodo and Cirip are being used in education, both in the classroom and for professional development. Although microblogging does not, at first glance, look particularly useful for teaching and learning, the opposite turns out to be the case.

Stability of steep gravity–capillary solitary waves in deep water

The stability of steep gravity–capillary solitary waves in deep water is numerically investigated using the full nonlinear water-wave equations with surface tension. Out of the two solution branches that bifurcate at the minimum gravity–capillary phase speed, solitary waves of depression are found to be stable both in the small-amplitude limit when they are in the form of wavepackets and at finite steepness when they consist of a single trough, consistent with observations. The elevation-wave solution branch, on the other hand, is unstable close to the bifurcation point but becomes stable at finite steepness as a limit point is passed and the wave profile features two well-separated troughs. Motivated by the experiments of Longuet-Higgins & Zhang (1997), we also consider the forced problem of a localized pressure distribution applied to the free surface of a stream with speed below the minimum gravity–capillary phase speed. We find that the finite-amplitude forced solitary-wave solution branch computed by Vanden-Broeck & Dias (1992) is unstable but the branch corresponding to Rayleigh’s linearized solution is stable, in agreement also with a weakly nonlinear analysis based on a forced nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The significance of viscous effects is assessed using the approach proposed by Longuet-Higgins (1997): while for free elevation waves the instability predicted on the basis of potential-flow theory is relatively weak compared with viscous damping, the opposite turns out to be the case in the forced problem when the forcing is strong. In this régime, which is relevant to the experiments of Longuet-Higgins & Zhang (1997), the effects of instability can easily dominate viscous effects, and the results of the stability analysis are used to propose a theoretical explanation for the persistent unsteadiness of the forced wave profiles observed in the experiments.

A methodological comparison of Ronald Coase and Gary Becker

This short paper comparatively studies Ronald Coase and Gary Becker from the methodological perspective. Since Becker's analytical approach is known to be a very general one, when Becker's and Coase's analytical approaches are compared, it is natural to assume that Becker's approach will be the easy winner. This analysis shows, however, that the opposite turns out to be the case. Two criteria (generality and applicability) are used to make the assessment.

Getting the Median Faster

Median filters and rank-order filters are generally considered to be more time consuming than, e.g., averaging filters. With the new algorithm presented in this report the opposite turns out to be true. The median (or any other rank-order value) is obtained by examining the bits of the arguments columnwise starting with the most significant bits. Hardware implementations suitable for parallel processing are presented.

Evaluation of short-term cue recollection following entorhinal cortical lesions in rats

To evaluate the performance of rats with entorhinal cortical (EC) lesions in a task which requires the short-term recollection of a cue, we designed a T maze with a start arm appended to the stem of the T which could be adjusted to require either a right or left turn into the stem. This forced turn was then used as the cue to guide performance at the choice point of the T. Two groups were trained with different contingencies. In the first (same turn), rats were trained to turn right at the choice if their forced “cue” turn had been to the right, and left if the cue turn had been left. In the second, the opposite contingencies applied (opposite turn). Normal animals found the former of these tasks considerably more difficult than the latter, requiring an average of 30 days (at 10 trials/day) to learn the “same turn” contingency and 15 days to learn the “opposite turn.” In addition, the version of the task which was easier for normal animals (opposite turn) was essentially unaffected by bilateral EC lesions, while the “same turn” contingency was profoundly disrupted. In addition to exhibiting no ability to perform according to the contingencies of the “same turn” task, the animals with bilateral EC lesions exhibited a high degree of perseveration of position preference, choosing one goal arm exclusively regardless of the cue turn. These results are considered in the light of the “cognitive map” and the “working memory” hypotheses which have been advanced to account for the behavioral deficits resulting from damage to the hippocampus and its circuitry.

Art and Morality

OFTEN PERPLEXED by the nature of some sweet vision that has been given to critics and aestheticians who uphold a necessary bond between art and morality, we have tried to outline the connections that do in fact obtain.1 To accomplish this purpose the paper is studded with examples-the facts of the case most of which are obvious in their context, and all of which may be supported by further argument. For tlhe sake of brevity arguments as to the placing of this and that example are usually deleted; the examples are very largely left to their own defense. MIorality and art are connected at many levels and in many ways. The most obvious connection is found in those works of art tlhat present a code of action or a way of life. This sort of connection is found in allegory. A religious allegory such as Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress is a prime example. Camus' La Peste is less codified but still allegorical. Other works are full of purpose and persuasion though devoid of allegory. An example is Tolstoy's portrayal of Levin's life in Anna Karenina. All these wvorks present and commend to us an account of the good life for man. The opposite turn also has its play. Here we find morality set in negative terms; in effect each artist condemns. Camus provides another example, as we can directly oppose the positive doctrine of La Peste

Art and Morality

OFTEN PERPLEXED by the nature of some sweet vision that has been given to critics and aestheticians who uphold a necessary bond between art and morality, we have tried to outline the connections that do in fact obtain.1 To accomplish this purpose the paper is studded with examples-the facts of the case most of which are obvious in their context, and all of which may be supported by further argument. For tlhe sake of brevity arguments as to the placing of this and that example are usually deleted; the examples are very largely left to their own defense. MIorality and art are connected at many levels and in many ways. The most obvious connection is found in those works of art tlhat present a code of action or a way of life. This sort of connection is found in allegory. A religious allegory such as Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress is a prime example. Camus' La Peste is less codified but still allegorical. Other works are full of purpose and persuasion though devoid of allegory. An example is Tolstoy's portrayal of Levin's life in Anna Karenina. All these wvorks present and commend to us an account of the good life for man. The opposite turn also has its play. Here we find morality set in negative terms; in effect each artist condemns. Camus provides another example, as we can directly oppose the positive doctrine of La Peste

Turn alternation by bugs on causeways as a delayed compensatory response and the effects of varying visual inputs and length of straight path

1. 1. Both Dysdercus and Oncopeltus when placed on a causeway which includes a forced turn will make a second opposite turn at a subsequent free choice. The magnitude of the opposite turn is a direct but non-linear function of the straight run distance between the start of the causeway and the forced turn. 2. 2. Blinding or red light reduces the magnitude of the turn at the free choice point by more than half. 3. 3. Providing white light while a bug is running any portion of the causeway increases the magnitude of the turn at the free choice above that occurring in red light or with blinded bugs. The sum of effects of lighting various portions plus the value for blinded bugs equals, approximately, the angle turned by normal bugs. 4. 4. On a black causeway with no forced turn striped panels beside or white paper beneath the straight portion results in bugs turning less at a free choice toward a biasing panel of stripes than bugs which ran a causeway bordered by plain panels. This straightening tendency was also increased by a longer straight path. These results suggest that adding to the visual, kinaesthetic, and possibly tactile inputs during the traversing of the straight portion enhances compensatory responses entrained by turning; hence these conflict with and reduce the visual response to biasing stripes. 5. 5. On a black causeway which included a forced turn, white paper beneath, as in (4) above, increased the later turn opposite to the forced turn over that observed previously with black beneath. This result would be expected if increasing straight path visual inputs increased the compensatory responses to deviating stimuli. 6. 6. The alternation of turns by bugs in the experimental arrangement described here is a behavioural pattern involving kinaesthetic, visual, priming, and memory components. 7. 7. The turn opposite to the forced turn is considered a delayed compensatory response to the deviating stimuli of the forced turn. The delay indicates the memory element, and the direct effect of increasing straight path inputs the priming. The response is presumed to be a manifestation of a generalized orientation phenomenon which assures non-random movement.

Correcting behaviour in mealworms ( Tenebrio) and the rejection of a previous hypothesis

1. 1. Tenebrio larvae when forced to make a turn in a maze show a tendency, already observed in other insects, to make a second opposite turn. If not forced to make a turn prior to a choice point, they will proceed straight ahead instead of taking one of the turns there. 2. 2. The frequency of this correcting behaviour increases as the distance from the start to the forced turn increases. 3. 3. The frequency of correcting decreases as the distance from the forced turn to the choice point is increased. This decrease is not a function of the time it takes to traverse that distance. 4. 4. Because of 2 and 3 above I have rejected “reactive inhibition” as an explanation of the behaviour observed. 5. 5. As in boxelder bugs, the tendency to alternate turns is apparently the result of an interaction between events occurring at the forced turn and an excitatory state accumulated prior to the forced turn.