Opposite-sex Relationships Research Articles

Dating violence, mental health symptoms, and life satisfaction in same-sex and opposite-sex relationships in Spain: A gender analysis

Intimate partner violence has become a major social and public health problem. Thus, this study examines dating violence perpetration and victimization in opposite-sex and same-sex couples in Spain. The sample was non-probabilistic and consisted of 240 men and 288 women, half of each gender group had a same-sex partner while the other half had an opposite-sex partner. Participants were assessed using six scales and questionnaires. The results showed that 60.8% of men and 59% of women in same-sex relationships and 67.5% of men and 48.6% of women in opposite-sex relationships reported experiencing some – mostly psychological – violence from their partner. 21.7% of men and 11.1% of women with a same-sex partner and 25.8% of men and 9.7% of women with an opposite-sex partner reported experiencing physical violence, and 10% of men and 9% of women with a same-sex partner and 7.5% men and 6.3% women with an opposite sex partner reported sexual violence. The results showed that 60.8% of men and 59% of women in same-sex relationships and 67.5% of men and 48.6% of women in opposite-sex relationships reported experiencing some – mostly psychological – violence from their partner: 21.7% of men and 11.1%. Perpetration and victimization were associated: 47.5% of men and 46.5% of women with a same-sex partner and 53.3% of men and 38.9% of women with an opposite-sex partner reported being both victims and perpetrators of dating violence. In all groups, being a victim of violence was linked to increased anxiety and insomnia symptoms, and in some groups, it was also linked to severe depressive symptoms and low self-esteem. Despite differences depending on gender and whether the relationship is between same-sex or opposite-sex partners, dating violence is common in all relationships and represents a serious threat to mental health and well-being.

“She Punched, Punched, and Scratched Me While I Was Holding My Children After We Broke Up”: Men’s Experience of Postseparation Domestic Abuse

There is a paucity of literature relating to male victims of intimate partner violence and their experiences postseparation. This study explored men’s experiences of abuse after the end of a relationship using an anonymous online survey distributed via social media. The survey included questions of a demographic nature followed by a series of open-ended questions. A hundred and thirty men aged between 18 and 68 years participated. All participants were reporting on their experiences within opposite sex relationships. A thematic analysis identified four master themes (preseparation abuse, postseparation abuse, abuse impact, and help-seeking). The analysis revealed significant experiences of abuse occurring preseparation, followed by accounts of postseparation abuse and the challenges men faced in terms of help-seeking. The collection of preseparation data helped to situate the postseparation experiences in the wider context of an existing abusive relationship and illustrated the impact of this across a range of experiential domains. We conclude that men’s experiences of physical abuse as well as coercive and controlling behavior that exist preseparation often continue postseparation, albeit changing and escalating through different mechanisms. Suggestions for future research and recommendations for practice have been identified.

Parents Financial Distress and Time Allocation with Youths Responsible for Increasing Trends of Risky Behaviours among Youths in Mumbai Metropolitan Region

Youths are powerful economic agent for any nation. An educated, healthy, hardworking youths are human asset for nation, society, and family in long term. Youths must have trained with quality education. It is job of government, families, and society to ensure that they will acquire maximum skills, knowledge, healthy behaviour, nutritional status. But male youths are driving four wheelers and female drive two wheelers without proper license and trend is increasing since 2013 to 2023. The smoking, alcohol consumption has increased among males. Youths are more depressed in region. They fight physically more and do not eat healthy diet. The incidence of risky behaviours became double in a decade. Few youths involved in multiple sex with opposite sex relationship with lack of understanding and use of contraceptives. Logistic regression model 2013 survey shows that multiple risky behaviours are co-related to youths walk to college, spend more time in college, travel by train and car. But 2023 survey, shows that multiple risky behaviours are co-related to age of youths, loans taken by parents. The role of parents is important in controlling risky behaviours such as risky driving, smoking cigarettes, drinking alcohol, depression, and opposite sex relationship. Parents must teach youths nutritious food habits, traffic rules, no smoking and alcohol, physical fight. Long term policies for youths and parents required to reduce risky behaviours on urgent basis in Mumbai Metropolitan Region.

Same-Sex Relationships and Criminal Behavior: A Total Population Study in The Netherlands

Sexual minority groups experience elevated risk across a range of adverse outcomes. Previous studies from the USA showed that these risks include contact with the criminal justice system for sexual minority females but not for males. This study examined whether this relationship between sexual minority status and criminal behavior was also found in a more secular country like the Netherlands with more progressive attitudes toward sexual minorities. Furthermore, the study aimed to examine whether this relationship applied to various types of crime and could be explained by unmeasured familial factors. Longitudinal data from the Dutch national population, including 75,362 individuals in a same-sex relationship and 3,464,906 individuals in opposite-sex relationships, were used to compare the risk of crime among males and females in same-sex and opposite-sex unions. Discordant sibling models were included to increase control over possible sources of confounding from shared familial factors. Analyses were repeated for six types of crime, including property offenses, violence, vandalism, and public order offenses, traffic offenses, drugs offenses, and other offenses. The results showed that the direction of the associations between same-sex relationships and offending differed for men and women. In general, men in same-sex relationships were less likely to be a suspect of crime compared to those in opposite-sex relationships [odds ratio (OR) = 0.685; p < .001]. Women in same-sex relationships exhibited higher risk than those in opposite-sex unions (OR = 1.560; p < .001). Similar patterns emerged for most crime types and the discordant sibling models yielded conclusions that were substantively similar to those among the total population.

Invisible Victims: Exploring Gendered Trends in Youth Intimate Partner Homicide

AbstractIntimate partner homicide (IPH) constitutes the most extreme form of intimate partner violence. While this violent crime affects many of women all around the world, little is known about this phenomenon when perpetrated against young victims. To date, no study has investigated trends of IPHs involving young victims. This study therefore aimed to investigate trends of IPHs in Sweden between 1990 and 2017, disaggregated by age-group and gender. Using register data, this study compared opposite-sex relationship IPH committed against young (≤ 25 years) and against adult (≥ 26 years) individuals, disaggregated by gender. Using poisson regression modelling, our study demonstrates that while rates of IPH against adult women has declined, the rate involving adolescent and young adult women has not. Our study also indicated a decreasing trend of IPH against adult men, albeit not significant. In conclusion, while IPH committed against adult women demonstrated a decrease over time, our findings suggest that IPH against young female victims has remained stable the past 27 years. As youth IPH has been a neglected subject of research, these findings suggest that the policies to combat IPV and IPH may not be adapted and tailored for the younger population.

Friendship Functions in Adolescence: Hungarian Version of the McGill Friendship Questionnaire

The aim of the study was to explore same-sex and opposite-sex friendship functions among 12 to 13- and 16 to 17-year-old Hungarian adolescents ( n = 304). To explore perceptions of friendship functions, the McGill Friendship Questionnaire (MFQ, 30 items, 6 factors: stimulating companionship, help, intimacy, reliable alliance, self-validation, emotional security) was used. The confirmatory factor analysis did not support the theoretical structure of MFQ. Based on the exploratory factor analysis, the 26-item Hungarian version of MFQ can be used to measure adolescents (the original 6 factors were retained). The internal reliability indices of the MFQ versions (same and opposite sex) were adequate (Cronbach’s α: .69–.88). The results only partially confirmed the age and gender hypotheses. Based on the results, the older students are more likely to acknowledge the achievements and positives of a friend for both same-sex and opposite-sex friends, as well as intimacy for opposite-sex friends. Also among older students, we identified several significant gender differences: for girls, all features of friendship were more important, except self-validation in same-sex friendship. In the opposite-sex relationship, only stimulating companionship and reliable alliance are more important for girls. The results raise the possibility that friendship functions build on and reinforce each other with age.

Relationship Between Knowledge Level and Family Rules with Adolescent Risk Behavior

Health risk behavior emerges due to risk factors within adolescents, family factors, and external factors outside the family. Poor knowledge about risk behavior and parental control may cause adolescents to develop risky behaviors that affect their health. This study aimed to identify the relationship between family factors and knowledge of adolescent risk behavior. It is a cross-sectional study conducted on 271 adolescents aged 17–25 years in Central Java from April to November 2021, taken by random sampling. Data analysis was performed using the chi-square test with a meaning level of 95%. Results show no relationship between knowledge level and adolescent risk behavior (p=0.665), and there was a relationship between family rules and adolescent risk behavior (p=0.001). Family rules significantly prevent adolescent risk behavior; hence, parents must apply family rules to limit teenage behavior, especially in opposite-sex relationships, to avoid sexual risk behavior.

대학생의 개별성-관계성의 하위집단에 따른 갈등해결전략이 이성 관계 만족도에 미치는 영향

Objectives This study aimed to examine subgroups formed according to the level of individuality-relatedness development of college students, identify the characteristics of conflict resolution strategies for each group, and confirm the effect of individuality-relatedness on romanticl relationship satisfaction focusing on the role positive- negative conflict management strategies.&#x0D; Methods The three measures were employed: (a) Individuality - Relatedness scale, (b) Managing Affect and Differences scale, (c) Romantic relationship satisfaction scale. The subgroup according to the level of individualityrelationship development was identified through cluster analysis, and the effect of individuality-relationship on the opposite-sex relationship was confirmed using a structural equation model.&#x0D; Results Results indicated, first, that participants were categorized as four clusters: Undeveloped group of individuality and relatedness, Developed group of individuality and relatedness, Partially developed group of relatedness, Partially developed group of individuality. Second, depending on individuality - relatedness each level, different types of conflict management strategies were used and romantic relationship satisfaction was significantly different between four groups. Third, conflict management strategies had mediating effect on the relationship between individuality - relatedness and romantic relationship satisfaction. These findings suggest that relatedness increase use of positive conflict management strategies, reduce use of negative conflict management strategies and have no influence on romantic relationship satisfaction. Meanwhile, individuality enhances positive conflict management strategies and has a negative effect on romantic relationship satisfaction. Lastly, this study ends with discussion of implications, limitations and suggestions.&#x0D; Conclusions This study suggest that if people with unbalanced individuality and relatedness development come to the counseling center, they can promote the growth of undeveloped individuality·relatedness and help to maintain healthy relationships by intervening their conflict resolution strategies to increase romantic relationship satisfaction.

Partner-seeking and limbic dopamine system are enhanced following social loss in male prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster).

Death of a loved one is recognized as one of life's greatest stresses, and 10%-20% of bereaved individuals will experience a complicated or prolonged grieving period that is characterized by intense yearning for the deceased. The monogamous prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) is a rodent species that forms pair bonds between breeding partners and has been used to study the neurobiology of social behaviors and isolation. Male prairie voles do not display distress after isolation from a familiar, same-sex conspecific; however, separation from a bonded female partner increases emotional, stress-related, and proximity-seeking behaviors. Here, we tested the investigatory response of male voles to partner odor during a period of social loss. We found that males who lost their partner spent significantly more time investigating partner odor but not non-partner social odor or food odor. Bachelor males and males in intact pairings did not respond uniquely to any odor. Furthermore, we examined dopamine (DA) receptor mRNA expression in the anterior insula cortex (aIC), nucleus accumbens (NAc), and anterior cingulate (ACC), regions with higher activation in grieving humans. While we found some effects of relationship type on DRD1 and DRD2 expression in some of these regions, loss of a high-quality opposite-sex relationship had a significant effect on DA receptor expression, with pair-bonded/loss males having higher expression in the aIC and ACC compared with pair-bonded/intact and nonbonded/loss males. Together, these data suggest that both relationship type and relationship quality affect reunion-seeking behavior and motivational neurocircuits following social loss of a bonded partner.

Assessing the Role of Sexual Orientation in the U.S. Labor Market for Artists and Arts Majors

Using American Community Survey data, we describe the labor market experiences of sexual minority artists and arts majors and explore the differences in their earnings and employment. We identify workers in cohabiting relationships as being either in same-sex or opposite-sex relationships. We find that artists are more than twice as likely to be in same-sex relationships when compared to the overall workforce, largely driven by higher shares of males in same-sex relationships. A similar pattern is observed for arts majors when compared to all college graduates. We find significant heterogeneity in the share of workers in same-sex relationships across individual artist occupations and individual arts majors. In testing for differences in earnings and employment, we use regression analysis, finding an increased likelihood of unemployment for male and female artists in same-sex relationships, earnings penalties for males in same-sex relationships, and earnings premiums for females in same-sex relationships. However, like other studies using coupled data, we hesitate in using causal language in interpreting the earnings regression results due to data limitations.

Quarter-Life Crisis in Generation Z Adults

Quarter-life crisis is a stage of emotional crisis that occurs in individuals in their 20s including feelings of helplessness, isolation, self-doubt, and fear of failure. Meanwhile, generation Z or iGen refers to the generation that is in the period between 1995-2010 which can also be called iGeneration, net generation, or internet generation. Generation Z or iGen has special characteristics regarding the quarter-life crisis and shows different behavior when facing the quarter-life crisis. Early adulthood itself is a time of shifting from an egocentric view to an empathetic attitude. The purpose of this study is to reveal the description of the quarter-life crisis in early adults of Generation Z or iGen. This research is descriptive qualitative research. Interviews are used as a method of extracting data on one informant. The results of this study are the subjects experience frustration when they cannot motivate themselves, panic over pressure from the family environment and social suspicion, experience helplessness when listening to music that is listened to as if it follows their life, and the inability to multitask. in their social life. have a purpose in life because they are haunted by an uncertain future, and unhappiness because the subjects is unsure of their partner and other problems related to opposite-sex relationships to friendship.

Skin Cancer Behavioral Risk Factors and Screening Among U.S. Adults in Same-Sex Relationships: A Population-Based Study from 2000 to 2015.

Purpose: Skin cancer is prevalent in sexual minority men but little is known about risk factors and screening specifically among couples in same-sex relationships (SSR). We aimed to compare sunburns, sun-protective behaviors, indoor tanning, and total body skin examinations (TBSEs) between people in SSR with those in opposite-sex relationships (OSR). Methods: We conducted a pooled cross-sectional analysis of 2000-2015 data from the National Health Interview Survey, a nationally representative survey of the United States civilian population. Results: Of 102,365 adults with a spouse or married partner, 448 (0.4%) were men in SSR, 48,312 (48.1%) men in OSR, 497 (0.5%) women in SSR, and 53,108 women in OSR (51.9%). Men in SSR were more likely than men in OSR to seek shade (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.41; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07-1.85), tan indoors (aOR = 3.71; 95% CI = 2.38-5.78), and receive any TBSE (aOR = 2.45; 95% CI = 1.69-3.54) after adjusting for sociodemographic factors, health insurance status, and health behaviors. Men in SSR were less likely than men in OSR to wear long pants (aOR = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.46-0.85) and caps or visors (aOR = 0.50; 95% CI = 0.36-0.69). No differences in sunburns, sun-protective behaviors, indoor tanning, and TBSE between women in SSR and OSR were observed after multivariable adjustment. Conclusion: Patterns of sun-protective behaviors and indoor tanning among men in SSR, compared with men in OSR, demonstrate modifiable behaviors that may mitigate skin cancer risk. Dyadic counseling and public health interventions geared toward men in SSR may promote sun-protective behaviors and reduce indoor tanning.

Bidirectional associations between self-esteem and relational aggression from 5th to 11th grade

A widely held belief among laypeople and psychologists suggests that self-esteem and relational aggression (i.e., perpetration and victimization) are associated over time. The present study examines the bidirectional associations between self-esteem and relational aggression across 6 years, using two types of longitudinal models (latent cross-lagged panel models and latent random intercepts cross-lagged panel models) to separate between- and within-person effects. Six hundred and seventy-four Mexican-origin youth reported their global and domain-specific self-esteem and relational aggression (perpetration and victimization) in the fifth, seventh, ninth, and eleventh grades. Our findings suggest that: (a) being a perpetrator is prospectively associated with later lower opposite-sex relationships self-esteem at the between-person level, (b) lower self-esteem in the domain of honesty-trustworthiness is prospectively associated with becoming a perpetrator and a victim at the within- and between-person level, (c) lower global self-esteem is prospectively associated with higher victimization at the between-person level, and (d) being victimized is not prospectively associated with later global or domain-specific self-esteem, at neither the within- nor the between-person level. The present study provides little evidence for the widely held belief about the bidirectional associations between self-esteem and relational aggression across time but demonstrates the complexity of these associations on the between- and within-person level.

Protected, but Not Included? The Role of Workplace Inclusion for Sexual and Gender Minorities in the Federal Service

The public workplace has traditionally been conceived of in heteronormative and cisnormative terms, wherein heterosexuality, the gender binary, and opposite-sex relationships are presumed and institutionalized in both word and deed. Recent policy changes and public opinion shifts regarding lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender individuals have placed an onus on employers to develop means to include sexual and gender minorities in the overall organizational culture and improve LGBT individuals’ workplace experiences. Using multilevel data analysis, this study focuses on how LGBT federal workers’ perceptions of inclusion at the agency, supervisory, and work unit levels affect their job satisfaction. The results indicate that LGBT employees’ inclusion perceptions play a moderating role between their sexual or gender minority identities and individual job satisfaction. The findings suggest that interventions aimed at developing an inclusive culture that reduces or eliminates traditional heteronormativity and cisnormativity, both agency-wide and at separate organizational levels, may improve job satisfaction among LGBT workers.

Reduced injury risk links sociality to survival in a group-living primate

Sociality has been linked to a longer lifespan in many mammals, including humans. Yet, how sociality results in survival benefits remains unclear. Using 10 years of data and over 1,000 recorded injuries in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), we tested two injury-related mechanisms by which social status and affiliative partners might influence survival. Injuries increased individual risk of death by 3-fold in this dataset. We found that sociality can affect individuals' survival by reducing their risk of injury but had no effect on the probability of injured individuals dying. Both males and females of high social status (measured as female matrilineal rank and male group tenure) and females with more affiliative partners (estimated using the number of female relatives) experienced fewer injuries and thus were less likely to die. Collectively, our results offer rare insights into one mechanism that can mediate the well-known benefits of sociality on an individual's fitness.

RELIGIUSITAS DAN SEKSUALITAS REMAJA PERKOTAAN: STUDI TENTANG PERILAKU PELAJAR KOTA LHOKSEUMAWE, ACEH

This study concludes that the religiosity and sexuality of students in the city of Lhokseumawe are good. The conclusion of this study is different from the publication which states that the free sex of students in the city of Lhokseumawe is the first rank in Aceh. This study aims to find information about the religiosity and sexuality of Lhokseumawe city students, the causes of sexual behavior deviations from Lhokseumawe city students, and the Lhokseumawe city government's solution to stem the deviant sexual behavior of students. This research is a case study research, where data collection is done through in-depth interviews, documentation, and observation. The results showed that, firstly, the religiosity of students was classified as good as evidenced by the pattern of Islamic school uniforms, attitudes and verbal behavior were generally good although some still needed guidance. Attitude and verbal behavior are strongly influenced by domicile origin, economic strata, and parental education. Second, student sexuality is also classified as good as evidenced by the absence of evidence of free sex among students, opposite-sex relationships are still within reasonable limits, although they still require guidance. The sexuality of students at school is strongly influenced by the care of parents in the family. Third, the researchers did not find evidence of free sex in Lhokseumawe city students, but deviations in verbal behavior in the form of pornographic remarks were still found. This behavior is strongly influenced by the socio-cultural area of origin, economic strata, and parental education. Fourth, the solution of the Lhokseumawe city government in stemming student sexual behavior deviations is divided into 3 levels. (1) at the regional level, sterilizing areas have the potential for lewdness, such as the mobile reservoir area, KP3, and Krueng Cunda. (2) the gampong level, by optimizing the potential for religiosities, such as religious tactical funds of 2 million per village, and umrah rewards for the teungku. (3) school level, with religious programs, such as congregational dhuhur prayers, regular Friday taushiah, Ramadan Islamic boarding schools, and al-Qur'an reading programs.

Genetic ancestry predicts male–female affiliation in a natural baboon hybrid zone

Opposite-sex social relationships are important predictors of fitness in many animals, including several group-living mammals. Consequently, understanding sources of variance in the tendency to form opposite-sex relationships is important for understanding social evolution. Genetic contributions are of particular interest due to their importance in long-term evolutionary change, but little is known about genetic effects on male-female relationships in social mammals, especially outside of the mating context. Here, we investigate the effects of genetic ancestry on male-female affiliative behaviour in a hybrid zone between the yellow baboon, Papio cynocephalus, and the anubis baboon, Papio anubis, in a population in which male-female social bonds are known predictors of life span. We place our analysis within the context of other social and demographic predictors of affiliative behaviour in baboons. Genetic ancestry was the most consistent predictor of opposite-sex affiliative behaviour we observed, with the exception of strong effects of dominance rank. Our results show that increased anubis genetic ancestry is associated with a subtle, but significantly higher, probability of opposite-sex affiliative behaviour, in both males and females. Additionally, pairs of anubis-like males and anubis-like females were the most likely to socially affiliate, resulting in moderate assortativity in grooming and proximity behaviour as a function of genetic ancestry. Our findings indicate that opposite-sex affiliative behaviour partially diverged during baboon evolution to differentiate yellow and anubis baboons, despite overall similarities in their social structures and mating systems. Furthermore, they suggest that affiliative behaviour may simultaneously promote and constrain baboon admixture, through additive and assortative effects of ancestry, respectively.

Association between marital status and mental health among cohabitating same-sex couples in the UK

Abstract Background A large body of research suggests that the formalisation of opposite-sex relationships is associated with favourable mental health outcomes, particularly among males. Despite the recent introduction of same-sex civil partnership and/or marriage in many countries, there is little evidence as to whether this salutary effect of formalised partnership extends to same-sex couples. Methods Using data from wave 8 (2016-18) of Understanding Society: the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS), respondents living with a same-sex partner were included in the analytical sample (n = 225). Respondents from Northern Ireland were excluded, as same-sex marriage did not exist there at the time of data collection. Mental health status was assessed using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ)-12 (range: 0-36) and the established cut-off point of 11/12 to identify psychiatric caseness. The association between marital status (marriage, civil partnership, and cohabitation only) and psychiatric caseness was examined in logistic regression models in the overall sample and stratified by sex. Results A total of 112 respondents (40%) were cohabitating, 81 (40%) were living in civil partnership, and 32 (19%) were married. In bivariable analyses, respondents living in civil partnership had a lower prevalence of psychiatric caseness (30%) than those who were married (50%) or cohabitating only (51%) (p = 0.041). In models adjusted for age, sex, and education, civil partnership was associated with 84% reduced odds of psychiatric caseness (95% CI: 0.39-0.66) compared to cohabitation among females; no statistically significant effect was found for marriage or among males. Conclusions This study provided evidence of a inverse association between civil partnership and psychiatric caseness among females in same-sex couples. Given that same-sex marriage was only introduced in England, Wales, and Scotland in 2014, further research will be needed as more same-sex couples formalise their relationships.

The Role Of Academic, Cultural, And Language Stresses On Physical Activity Among International College Students

There were 1.09 million international college students in the U.S. as of 2018 (Institute of International Education). Previous studies showed that many international students experienced academic stress, as well as language and cultural stresses (Yan & FitzPatrick, 2015). Further, previous studies also indicated that the U.S. cultural may facilitate participation in physical activity for international students (Yan & Cardinal, 2013). It is unclear whether those different types of stresses and time in the U.S. would be associated with their participation in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). PURPOSE: The present study aimed to examine whether academic, cultural, and language stresses, as well as time in the U.S. would predict MVPA among international college students. METHODS: Participants were 249 international college students (48.2% female; Mage = 27.48, SD = 6.12) enrolled in a public research university in Southern U.S.. MVPA was measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (Craig et al., 2003). Previously validated scales were used to measure students’ perceived academic stress (e.g., “I worry about my academic performance”); cultural stress (e.g., “It’s hard for me to develop opposite-sex relationships here”); and language stress (e.g., “My English embarrasses me when I talk to people”). Time in the U.S. was measured by asking how many months they had been in the U.S.. Finally, gender and BMI were also measured. RESULTS: The independent T test showed that males participated significantly more MVPA than females (Male: M = 293.71 METs; Female: M = 241.79 METs); t(245) = 3.09, p<.01. The multiple regression model with gender and BMI controlled was statistically significant, F(6,242) = 3.37, p < .01, R2 = 7.7%. Cultural stress significantly predicted MVPA (β = -.21, p <.01), with higher cultural stress was associated with lower MVPA. Language stress, academic stress, and time in the U.S. did not predict MVPA. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that cultural stress was related to MVPA among international college students. However, it is unclear whether experiencing more cultural stress discourage MVPA or participating MVPA helps international students manage their cultural stress. To answer this question, qualitative studies and interventional studies are needed in the future.

Subjective Cognitive Decline Among Sexual and Gender Minorities: Results from a U.S. Population-Based Sample.

The risk of dementia and mild cognitive impairment between older adults in same-sex relationships and those in opposite-sex relationships have been found to be statistically not different. However, studies examining subjective cognitive decline (SCD) among sexual and gender minority populations (SGM) are lacking. The primary objective was to determine if SGM report greater SCD compared to non-SGM populations in a U.S. population-based sample of non-institutionalized adults aged 45 and older. The secondary objective was to assess the association between gender and SCD. Cross-sectional data were obtained from the 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (n = 36,734). There were 1,094 SGM adults in the sample. Descriptive statistics examined sociodemographic characteristics and their distribution by SCD and SGM status. Crude and multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine the association between SGM status, gender, and SCD. Adjusted models controlled for age, race/ethnicity, income, education, employment, marital status, depression, and diabetes. Statistically significant differences in SGM status and SCD existed by age, race/ethnicity, education, employment, marital status, and depression. Differences in SCD also existed by income and diabetes status. There was no statistically significant association between SGM status and SCD (OR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.63-1.24). However, men had 64% higher odds (OR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.44-1.88) of reporting SCD compared to women. Future studies examining the potential reasons for this null association, including resilience and/or premature aging are warranted. Future research assessing potential reasons for gender differences in SCD, whether physiological or environmental, is also needed.