Opinion Of Authorities Research Articles

Flash Floods Hazard to the Settlement Network versus Land Use Planning (Lublin Upland, East Poland)

There has been an increase in the frequency of hazards associated with meteorological and hydrological phenomena. One of them is flash floods occurring episodically in areas of concentrated runoff—valleys without permanent drainage. In the opinion of residents and local authorities, these are potentially safe areas—they are not threatened by floods and are therefore often occupied by buildings. The importance of addressing flash floods in land use planning is essential for sustainable development and disaster risk reduction. The objective of this research was to assess the level of the hazard and to evaluate its presence in land use planning activities. This manuscript fills a research gap, as to date flash flood threats have not been analyzed for individual buildings located in catchments of dry valleys in temperate climates. More than 12,000 first-order catchments were analyzed. The study covered an upland area located in East Poland, which is characterized by high population density and dispersed rural settlement. Within the 10 municipalities, buildings located on potential episodic runoff lines were identified. Qualitative assessment was applied to ascertain the susceptibility of catchments to flash floods. Such criteria as slopes, size, shape of the catchment area, and land cover, among others, were used. Between 10 and 20% of the buildings were located on episodic runoff lines, and about 900 sub-catchments were highly or very highly susceptible to flash floods. The way to reduce the negative effects of these phenomena is to undertake proper land use planning based on knowledge of geohazards, including flash floods. However, an analysis of available planning documents shows that phenomena of this type are not completely taken into account in spatial management processes.

What’s New in Prevention of Invasive Fungal Diseases during Hospital Construction and Renovation Work: An Overview

The goal of the overview was to give insight into the recent data of invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) associated with construction and renovation in healthcare settings as well as the recent evidence about available prevention and infection control measures. The number of studies describing IFD outbreaks associated with construction or renovation is on the rise again. Applying adequate prevention measures is still a challenge not just for healthcare workers but also for architects and construction workers as well. The role of multidisciplinary teams in the planning and monitoring of prevention measures cannot be overemphasized. Dust control is an inevitable part of every prevention plan. HEPA filters are helpful in the prevention of fungal outbreaks in hematologic patients, but further studies are needed to clarify the extent in which they contribute as specific control measures. The cut-off value for a "threating" level of fungal spore contamination still remains to be defined. The value of antifungal prophylaxis is difficult to assess because other preventive measures are simultaneously applied. Recommendations are still based on few meta-analyses, a large number of descriptive reports, and the opinion of respective authorities. Outbreak reports in the literature are a valuable resource and should be used for education as well as for preparing outbreak investigations.

Legal regulation of anti-terrorist security: the experience of modern China.

Effective provision of anti-terrorist security of modern Russian society is impossible without knowledge of the legal regulation ensuring such security in other states, especially neighboring "friendly" ones - this hinders the effectiveness of interaction within the framework of international cooperation. It should be noted that this issue is particularly relevant today due to the active military confrontation of the Russian Federation with "unfriendly" states on the territory of Ukraine. In our opinion, the legislative and practical activities of the Chinese authorities can be useful for extrapolating to Russian security problems, especially due to the fact that China is classified as a country with a low level of terrorism, while the Russian Federation is among the countries with an average level of terrorist activity. The article makes a legal analysis of the state regulation of anti-terrorist security of the People's Republic of China. The object of the study is social relations arising in the process of state regulation of counter-terrorism in China. The subject of the study is the legal acts of the People's Republic of China of anti-terrorist orientation. The purpose of the study is identification of useful and effective practices of countering the ideology of terrorism in China for the possibility of subsequent implementation into the legal framework of Russian legislation. The method of comparative law, the method of analysis and synthesis are employed by the author. The author studied China's legislation on countering terrorism and came to conclusion about the need to adopt its positive experience in Russia. It is necessary to consider the possibility of creating your own social networks, analogues of foreign ones, it is also worth adopting the experience of creating educational centers for people affected by extremism and terrorism. In order to ensure the rights of citizens in cyberspace and the fight against terrorism, it is possible to use China's experience with user verification when logging on to the Internet.

Podwójna okupacja i granice kompromisu. Galicja w okresie I wojny światowej

During World War I, much of Galicia was occupied and incorporated by the Russia. In the spring of 1915, the armies of the Central Powers liberated most of Galicia. A brutal military regime was introduced in these areas, who looked for traitors and collaborators. The large scale of repression contributed to the undermining of loyalty that the Polish inhabitants of Galicia had towards the Habsburg monarchy. According to the author, this situation allows the thesis to be put forward that between 1914–1918 one can speak of a double occupation of this province. On the example of Artur Aulich, the president of the court in Stanisławów, who described what – in the opinion of the Austrian authorities – behavior from the period of Russian occupation was considered worthy of condemnation.

ПРАГМАТИЧНА МЕТА ТА ЗАСОБИ МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ЗДОРОВОГО СПОСОБУ ЖИТТЯ В ІСПАНОМОВНІЙ ПУБЛІЦИСТИЦІ

The article is dedicated to the study of the pragmatic goals and methods used in Spanish media in order to represent healthy lifestyle and introduce certain ideas into society concerning stated topic. We have examined the definition of term “communicative strategy” and “communicative tactic” in the scientific works of Ukrainian and foreign linguists. Besides, the role of pragmatics in modern linguistics has been analyzed. We have studied the classification of communicative strategies suggested by Ukrainian scientists. Furthermore, we have proposed our own classification of communicative tactics used in the informing and prevention strategies to make sure people get information about negative consequences of being overweight and prevent this and other diseases. The practical basis of our research includes following communicative tactics: the tactic of facts usage and references to the opinion of authorities, the tactic of persuasion , the tactic of explanation, the tactic of a genuine dialogue formation with the reader. We have analyzed who of the Ukrainian and foreign scientists have made great contribution into the study of stated topic. We have examined three components of a communicative strategy, which are essential for its formation. Last but not least, the practical usage of obtained results have been analyzed as well as opportunities for further research in stated field.

Cost accounting: A tool for the management decision making process in Nigeria

The study, cost accounting, as a tool for management decision making process is targeted at exploring the various ways which cost accounting information could help the management of enterprises especially manufacturing and processing companies in the formation of polices and making of sound and reliable decisions. In order that this purpose could be proven, the researcher formulated various relevant research questions and also two major hypotheses were also formulated. Interview was conducted with the aid of instrument known as questionnaires which were administered to the staff of Tisco’s Pharmaceutical. Chi-square (X2) method was used for testing the hypotheses under the research. Findings exposed that cost accounting is an aid to management decision making. Also, to be clear of every sentiment, relevant literatures complied in authorities in the relevant fields were reviewed. The opinion of authorities was not different, showing that costing information is necessary for fixing selling price, valuation of inventory, inventory control, labour remuneration, waste reduction, capacity utilization, cost control ascertainment of profitability. Thus, the study proves that cost accounting is a tool for management decision making process in any organisation either in public and private sector.

The EU Digital COVID Certificate: A Preliminary Data Protection Impact Assessment

On 20 May 2021, the European Commission, Council and Parliament announced a breakthrough in the trialogue negotiations to establish the European Union (EU) Digital COVID Certificate. Originally, this standardisation effort was labelled as “Digital Green Certificate” and – “[i]n view of the urgency” – presented without a data protection impact assessment. It should allow citizens and residents of Member States to prove that they are either vaccinated against COVID-19, have recently tested negative or are currently immune against the virus. This article considers the proposal from a privacy perspective, taking into account the opinion of EU data protection authorities, ongoing negotiations in the EU institutions and relevant developments on the national and international level. While the European Parliament and others tried to improve the original Commission proposal, questions around the appropriateness and effectiveness of the framework remain. The technological and organisational implementation is essentially left to Member States, who already have started to develop their own tracing and identification systems.

Minority Groups as Socio-Economic Development Factor of the Emerging EU Region in the Opinion of Regional Authorities: Evidence from Poland and the German Minority

Purpose: This paper aims to show the positive role of the German minority in Poland by considering its influence on socio-economic development. Design/Methodology/Approach: The novel approach is to find the relationship between the presence of the German minority and the socio-economic regional development in the opinion of local authorities. For this purpose, the survey method was used. The surveys were conducted among the Opole Province local authorities concerning their opinion about the role of the German minority in respect of particular areas of socio-economic development. Findings: The main achievement of this paper is establishing that the German minority living in Poland, mainly in the Opole Province, has had a remarkable positive impact on several economic, social, cultural, and demographic phenomena, as well as on improving Polish-German relations in the opinion of regional authorities. Practical Implications: The results of the analysis might be used in shaping an appropriate development policy. They may also indicate the need for appropriate management of minority groups in regional development, and on the other hand, to use ethnic diversity as a potential of the region, a primarily economic one. Originality/Value: Research results can contribute to theoretical models regarding ethnic groups and local and regional development.

Staffing support management for regional economic growth in the context of global challenges

The article defines the formation conditions of regional development vectors on the basis of approved federal documents and the opinion of regional authorities on the expediency of applying efforts to certain sectors of the economy. The authors indicate the necessity of focusing on the development of the industrial sector of the economy. This is justified, first of all, by the high level of the added value of industrial products. The industrial sector is also pointed out as a factor of intellectualization of the consumer sphere and a driver of economic growth. At the same time, staff potential is highlighted as one of the most important resource components. The results of the study indicate the participants in the formation of labor resources and the problems of their interaction, the shortcomings of staffing support at modern industrial enterprises. The article contains the mechanisms that are necessary for managing the processes of staff potential development, including the ones that take into account the prospective needs in the conditions of industrial transformations and the young people’s understanding of their purpose in economic activity. The emphasis is placed on the complexity and consistency of the actions taken. At the same time, the authors provide a list of the most significant professional skills and promising professions for both large manufacturers and small and medium-sized businesses.

The EU Digital COVID Certificate: A Preliminary Data Protection Impact Assessment

On 20 May 2021 the European Commission, Council and Parliament announced a breakthrough in the trialogue negotiations to establish the EU Digital Covid Certificate. Originally, this standardisation effort was labelled as ‘Digital Green Certificate’ and -‘[i]n view of the urgency’ - presented without a data protection impact assessment. It should allow citizens and residents of Member States to prove that they are either vaccinated against COVID-19, have recently tested negative, or are currently immune against the virus. This article considers the proposal from a privacy perspective, taking into account the opinion of EU data protection authorities, ongoing negotiations in the EU institutions and relevant developments on the national and international level. While the European Parliament and others tried to improve the original Commission proposal, questions around the appropriateness and effectivity of the framework remain. The technological and organisational implementation is essentially left to Member States, who already have started to develop their own tracing and identification systems.

Modified Tension-Slide Technique for Endoscopy-Assisted Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendon Transfer.

The rupture of the Achilles tendon (AT) usually occurs in high-caliber athletes, but low-demand patients are also are risk, mainly if they are under corticoids or quinolones. The diagnosis of the AT rupture is usually neglected, and this could result in a worse prognosis for the patient if not treated in an appropriate time. For these patients or for those with high surgical risk, an option of minimally invasive surgery remains attractive. Classical techniques consist of direct repair or augmentation with the tendon of the flexor hallucis longus as well as nonanatomical tendon transfers which can generate issues with the donor site. We present a pioneering technique that is analogous to that used for the surgical treatment of distal rupture of the biceps tendon, which consist of a transfer technique of flexor hallucis longus by extracortical fixation interference screw associated to a direct tendon reinsertion performed through a bone tunnel on the superior and posterior aspect of the calcaneus using an extracortical drilling system and an interference screw within the calcaneal tunnel. The arthroscopic approach may be technically challenging, and a high-level of arthroscopic skills are required to complete the procedure but after a learning curve it represents a feasible a safe technique.Levels of Evidence:Therapeutic, Level IX: Evidence from opinion of authorities and/or reports of expert committee.

Application of quotes of the information-pricing agencies for the purposes of transfer pricing

This article analyzes the possibility of application of the data information-pricing agencies within the framework of implementation of the method of comparable market prices. The author also examines the questions of making adjustment in case if the data of information-pricing agencies are not fully comparable. The object of this research is the court decisions on the questions of transfer pricing, in the context of which was conducted the analysis of application of the data of information-pricing agencies for the purpose of employment of the method of comparable profitability. Special attention is paid to the methodology of adjustments of comparable data within the framework of court decisions, as well as possibility for potential utilization of these methodologies in tax planning. The main conclusion is defined by the possibility of application of the data of information-pricing agencies for the purposes of transfer pricing in a wide range of cases, as well as recognition of the All-Union State Standard by generally accepted standards in various industries. It is determined that methodology used by fiscal authorities for calculating the market prices interval for the purposes of transfer pricing significantly differs depending on the methodology established by quotes. According to the opinion of fiscal authorities and courts, most important aspect within the framework of analyzed decisions, is the usage of data averaging by information-pricing agency, which substantially affects further calculation technique for price intervals.

ON THE CULTURE OF PHILOSOPHICAL DIALOGUE

The article is devoted to intra-philosophical dialogue and those obstacles that threaten it. One of these obstacles seems to be the self-reflection of philosophers that philosophy itself is an insult and is only possible as an insult. They argue that philosophy, challenging the opinion of authorities or the majority, thereby carries an intellectual insult. In the course of the conceptual analysis of “insult” concept, we show that this point of view is wrong, since insulting requires unfair motivation. Nevertheless, the intellectual insult is present in philosophy in a different form. It is expressed in the disqualification of the opponent as a “non-genuine” philosopher. Such an intellectual attitude, when a certain philosophical position is declared genuine (authentic), and all others are not authentic, is called philosophical chauvinism. Four main forms of intellectual chauvinism in philosophy (and, accordingly, four types of intellectual discrimination) are distinguished: interdisciplinary, intradisciplinary, interschool, and intraschool. Overcoming of intellectual discrimination within philosophy is associated with the need to criticize intellectual arrogance and intellectual snobbery and the development of international and intra-national dialogue in philosophy.

The Military’s Links with Local Communities in the Context of Sustainable Development

This article focuses on the analysis of the military links with local communities in the context of sustainable development, in particular the social and economic aspects of development. The aim of the article is to identify and characterize the links between military units and entities in the local environment on the example of selected municipalities in Poland and to assess these links in the opinion of residents, local authorities, and soldiers. Between military units and local communities, there are relations of different nature and intensity, conditioned by internal and external factors. The military stationed on the territory of individual municipalities makes a direct and indirect contribution to building the social and economic potential of these places, as well as providing public goods in the form of the national defence. The links between the military and local communities are discussed in the source literature with reference to examples from different countries. While the scale and scope of these links vary, these impacts follow similar patterns.

Государственная поддержка малого предпринимательства в Еврейской автономной области: мнения власти и предпринимателей

Государственная поддержка малого предпринимательства в Еврейской автономной области: мнения власти и предпринимателей

Enhancing the Macedonian Health System through Implementation of the Public-Private Partnership Model

The research involves determination of the extent to which the public-private partnership model can contribute to the improvement and enhancement of the healthcare services in Macedonia. To achieve this purpose, the research embraces comprehension of the common advantages and disadvantages of this model, encompassed with a case study of the public-private partnership in the specialized-consultative health protection for the health activity-dialysis, together with other efforts to ensure high quality health protection. It also reflects the attitudes of the public authorities and private sector entities regarding the significance of the public-private partnership model, consideration of the advantages and disadvantages before entering public-private partnerships and the ways public-private partnerships affect the employees and employments.The study outlines planned and realised efforts to implement this model to ensure better and more efficient healthcare system.Generally, the results from the survey and the outlined case study present this model as good solution for many healthcare challenges, since public-private partnerships offer different services to the citizens that neither the public nor the private sector could separately achieve. The public-private partnership model leads to new employment opportunities according to the opinion of the public authorities, while the private sector entities consider that public-private partnerships increase the responsibility of the employees in such partnership in comparison to the public sector. The outlined case study is an example of successful public-private partnership model in the field of healthcare and can serve as motivation for further implementation of this model to ensure better, enhanced and modern health system.

Construction of the problem of Latin gangs in Spain and response of the law enforcement system

Recently, since their official recognition as criminal organizations by Spanish law enforcement authorities, stricter prosecution of Latin street gangs has been observed. The toughening of legal regulations, new models of police conduct and the increasingly active role of prosecutors have contributed to greater punitive pressure on the gangs. This article has two main objectives: first, to describe changes in Spanish criminal policies for the treatment of Latin American street gangs; second, to analyse to what extent these changes are in consonance with empirical findings on criminal involvement and the organizational nature of these groups. The results show that despite the recent increase in criminal activity these groups cannot be viewed as the only parties to blame for local street crime. The opinion of the law enforcement authorities that Latin American street gangs are a form of organized crime is far from reality. These groups do not have the required combination of characteristics inherent to criminal organizations, and their purposes are not always exclusively criminal.

Overselling hysteria: The role of the media and medical journals in promoting questionable risks-a case study of the testosterone controversy.

On February 4, 2014, The New York Times published an editorial “Overselling testosterone, dangerously”, in which it alleged that the rise in testosterone prescriptions was medically unwarranted, and that scientific studies suggesting an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) provided “the most compelling evidence yet that many American men have embarked on a perilous course of overtreatment” [1]. This editorial was the most prominent among a flood of similar stories, and it provided an authoritative position by virtue of the reputation of the NY Times as a leader in mainstream media. In this article, we use this case—the studies on the alleged risk of testosterone treatment and the ensuing media coverage—to discuss how the media often promote a false narrative that negatively impacts public health and policy. > … media reporting of medical studies has been shown to influence not only popular opinion, but also the opinion of healthcare providers and regulatory authorities. The public has a great appetite for health‐related information; indeed, one of the most frequent uses of the Internet is to obtain information about medical conditions and health care. This demand provides a fertile ground for high impact medical news stories, often based on the publication of new study results. Not surprisingly, media reporting of medical studies has been shown to influence not only popular opinion, but also the opinion of healthcare providers and regulatory authorities [2]. What has not been adequately appreciated, however, is how distorted reporting of medical risks promotes false concepts that may persist for years, thereby negatively impacting medical care and public health [3], [4]. The infamous study that claimed a link between the MMR vaccine and autism has had a massive impact on vaccination rates in Western countries and is still being cited as evidence …

METHODS FOR IMPROVING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS IN POLAND

The issue of public sector management, especially management of public finance, identifies as extremely important in both theoretical and practical areas. Within the context of social and economic change, its meaning becomes crucial to the smooth and efficient functioning of public institutions including local government units. The search for optimal solutions in the sphere of local governments’ financial management and the implementation of new tools causes an increase in the efficiency of financial management at local and central levels, an increase in the rational use of public resources’ management, a transparency of expenditures, and above all, an improvement in the efficiency of public tasks that the state and local governments carry out for their citizens. The aim of this paper is to present three tools that have been introduced in recent years with the aim to increase the efficiency of public financial management. They are the performance budget, the individual debt index, and the long-term financial forecast of the LGU. Also, selected survey results are presented that show the opinion of local authorities on the implementation and usefulness of the tools mentioned.

Strange bedfellows: Qurʾan interpretation regarding same-sex female intercourse

ABSTRACTSome twentieth-century interpreters assert that the Qurʾan forbids same-sex female intercourse. Neo-traditional Shiʿi and Sunni interpreters converge on this point, even as they diverge from their respective traditions in tafsir, innovate in interpretive strategies, and ignore Arabic grammar. Their assertions raise questions about the nature of the Qurʾan, methods of interpreting it, and its status as scripture in contradistinction to hadith and opinion of early authorities. This article compares neo-traditional interpretation of Qurʾan 4:15–16 by Ayatollah Khui and Rashid Rida with a range of tafsir texts to reveal the contradictions between answers offered by a variety of scholars, modern and medieval, female and male, Shiʿi and Sunni.