Operations Of Job Research Articles

DESAIN PERBAIKAN POSTUR KERJA OPERATOR MAINTENANCE PADA PT MININDO MENGGUNAKAN SOFTWARE SOLIDWORK DENGAN PENDEKATAN ANTROPOMETRI

When working on diesel engine repairs, operators at PT. Minindo mostly does its job by sitting on the machine it is working on. The operator's job analysis was carried out using the REBA method, based on the analysis a score of 11 was obtained which means that the risk is very high so that work methods are needed to be improved. The proposed improvement is to make a staircase design using Indonesian anthropometric data. The ladder design is made so that the operator does not have to be on top of the machine when working, because there is a risk of falling and musculoskeletal disorders Based on data processing, the height of the ladder is 137cm, the height of the top rung is 115cm, the width of the ladder is 177cm, the width of the steps is 20cm, the depth of storage for tools is 81cm, the width for storing tools is 47cm. The ladder is expected to reduce the risk of accidents, as well as improve the work posture of PT. Minindo. The stairs sizes obtained are then applied to Solidwork software.

Formation of Laboring Competencies for Workers of the Oil Industry

The oil activity is one of the sectors prioritized by the Cuban government and its development requires the constant formation and training of the personnel who work there, thus the strategic mission of the Petroleum Training Center is the training of the personnel who work in the branch oil company and in this the formation of labor competence in drilling operators constitutes a fundamental pillar, for which it is intended to contribute to the formation of laboring competence in drilling operators in the formation scenario of the Teaching Unit Exploration Production and the oil company in Cuba. In order to respond to this reality, the theoretical and methodological references of competency training are studied, which reveals a theoretical plurality that allows combining competency training, the historical-cultural conception and advanced education, taking from them the significant elements, and evidencing the relevance of unity within diversity. It was possible to reach these results through the application of theoretical methods of science, such as the historical-logical method to determine the evolutionary antecedents and the logic of the development of labor competence, and the methods of analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction that led to theoretically and methodologically support the formation of laboring competence. The empirical level of science method used was the review of documents related to the training process and the quality management system since the training of the drilling operator's job competence is a professional training process that is supported by the training process. The determination of the referents and the training scenario in which the training process takes place showed the need for a modeling of the process to adjust it to the training context of the drilling operator.

ANALISIS BEBAN KERJA UNTUK MENENTUKAN JUMLAH OPTIMAL OPERATOR PADA BAGIAN PROSES PABRIK KELAPA SAWIT (Studi Kasus: PT. Sentosa Kalimantan Jaya)

This research is motivated by the difficulty in determining the optimal number of human resources required. To be able to calculate HR requirements accurately, a device called a Workload Analysis (ABK) is needed. This study aims to analyze the operator's job description, an overview of the use of operator working time, and workload and needs. The method used is job description analysis, calculation of productive work time usage with work sampling method, and workload analysis using Full Time Equivalent (FTE) method based on work unit activity. The results of the workload analysis show that there are job descriptions that have not been listed in the written description of the company and there are still stations that have a written job description that does not match the work in the field. The percentage of productive working time for operators is between 42% and 77%, all of which are still low because they are below the standards set by the company, which is 85%. Calculation of the workload of the process part operator, obtained an FTE figure of 7.6 which means the optimal number of operators required by the process section is 8 people. This number is in accordance with the actual number in the process section, namely 8 people.

Impact of Advancing Technology on Nuclear Facility Operation

Abstract Many unfortunate and unintended adverse industrial incidents occur across the U.S. each year, and the nuclear industry is no exception. Depending on the severity, these incidents can be problematic for people, the facilities, and surrounding environments. These incidents occur for a number of varying reasons, but more often than not, human error is an accomplice. This article explores whether the complexity and changing technologies, which affect the way operators interact within the systems of the nuclear facilities, exacerbate the severity of incidents caused by human error. A review of nuclear incidents in the U.S. from 1955 to 2010 reaching level three or higher on the International Nuclear Event Scale (INES) scale was conducted. The cost of each incident at facilities that had recently undergone technological changes affecting plant operator's jobs was compared to those facilities which had not undergone changes. A t-test was applied and determined a statistically significant difference between the two groups. This affirmed that technological advances at nuclear facilities that affect how operators interact within the plant system increase the severity of resulting incidents. Next, a follow-on study was conducted to determine the impact from the incorporation of new technologies into nuclear facilities. The data indicated that spending more money on upgrades increased the capacity of the facility as well as the number of incidents reported, but the incident severity was minor.

An Assessment of Job Performance of Vessel Traffic Service Operators Using an Analytic Hierarchy Process and a Grey Interval Measure

Operator training is a vital issue for vessel traffic service (VTS), since the International Maritime Organization has adopted the new version of the Guidelines for VTS 1997. Many countries have begun to alter the content of training courses, in order to comply with international standards. However, Taiwan still lacks effective method to assess individual operator's job performance, capabilities, or the effectiveness of a training program. This study collates the standard training courses to construct an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model and to investigate the relative evaluation weights for all criteria, using the group decision of the principal instructors. Grey interval measure (GIM) is used to evaluate the job performance for VTS operators serving in Taichung Harbor. The result shows the educational level and the duration of participation in training indeed affects the job performance. By importance-performance analysis (IPA), those trainees who were evaluated better actually obtained higher scores on the more insignificant sub-criteria.The AHP structure and the GIM evaluation process are proved useful to authorities in the establishment of a standard for job performance of VTS.

Leadership and policy deployment: The backbone of TQM

This paper presents total quality management (TQM) as a comprehensive approach to improving competitiveness, effectiveness and flexibility through planning, organising and understanding each activity, and involving each individual at each level. It is useful in all types of organisations. Effective TQM ensures that management adopts a strategic overview of quality and focuses on prevention, not detection, of problems. It often requires a mindset change to break down existing barriers. Managements that doubt the applicability of TQM should ask questions about the operation's costs, errors, wastes, standards, systems, training and job instructions. TQM must start at the top, where serious obsession and commitment to quality and leadership need to be demonstrated. Middle management also has a key role to play in communicating the message. Every chief executive must accept the responsibility for commitment to a quality policy that deals with the organisation for quality, the customer needs, the ability of the organisation, supplied materials and services, education and training and review of the management systems for never-ending improvement. The culture of an organisation is formed by the beliefs, behaviours, norms, dominant values, rules and climate in the organisation. Any organisation needs a vision framework, comprising its guiding philosophy, core values and beliefs and purpose. The effectiveness of an organisation depends on the extent to which people perform their roles and move towards the common goals and objectives. TQM is concerned with moving the focus of control from the outside to the inside of individuals, so that everyone is accountable for his/her own performance. Effective leadership starts with the chief executive's vision and develops into a strategy for deployment. Top management should develop the following for effective leadership: clear beliefs and objectives in the form of a vision; clear and effective strategies and supporting plans; the critical success factors and core processes; the appropriate management structure; employee participation through empowerment. The vehicle for achieving excellence in leadership is TQM. Using the construct of the Oakland TQM Model, the four Ps and four Cs provide a framework for this: Planning, Performance, Processes, People, Customers, Commitment, Culture and Communications. The paper concludes with reflections from the author after 30 years a ‘quality professional’ on leadership and policy deployment as the backbone of TQM and introduces research themes for ‘quality in the twenty-first century’.

Process-data-warehousing-based operator support system for complex production technologies

Process manufacturing is increasingly being driven by market forces, customer needs, and perceptions, resulting in more and more complex multiproduct manufacturing technologies. The increasing automation and tighter quality constraints related to these processes make the operator's job more and more difficult. This makes decision support systems (DSSs) for the operator more important than ever before. A traditional operator support system (OSS) focuses only on specific tasks that are performed. In the case of complex processes, the design of an integrated information system is extremely important. The proposed data-warehouse-based OSS makes possible linking complex and isolated production units based on the integration of the heterogenous information collected from the production units of a complex production process. The developed OSS is based on a data warehouse designed by following the proposed focus-on-process data-warehouse-design approach, which means stronger focus on the material and information flow through the entire enterprise. The resulting OSS follows the process through the organization instead of focusing separate tasks of the isolated process units. For human-computer interaction, front-end tools have been worked out, where exploratory data analysis and advanced multivariate statistical models are applied to extract the most informative features of the operation of the technology. The concept is illustrated by an industrial case study, where the OSS is designed for the monitoring and control of a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) plant

Automated control and safety of nuclear power plants

The conceptual problems of developing and modernizing an automated system for the control of a technological process for nuclear power plants, which are under construction, or are currently operating, are discussed. Attention is focused on the human factor in the control of a nuclear power plant. The prospects for solving problems such as the optimal – from the safety standpoint – separation of control functions between man and machine, choice of means of automation adequate for the importance of the functions being performed with respect to safety, determination of the concept of the operator's job, and the systems for supporting the operator's work, and development of a modern man–machine interface, are examined. The solution of these problems is studied on the basis of a homocentric model of an automated system for controlling a technological process. The model uses extensively subsystems for supporting the work performed by the operator. It is noted that a supervisor role for the operator is preferable, since it provides the best psychological work environment. 11 references.

Report on Welding Metallurgy of Girth Weld Defects in Mechanised GMA Field-Welded Pipe Lines

The terms semi-automatic arc welding and fully automatic arc welding are wel-known, yet they need to be cleanly demarcated. In semi-automatic welding the wire feeder maintains the arc and feeds the wire, the operator's job is to manipulate the arc along the joint. In fully automatic welding all the welding parameters are oresent and the entire operation from start to finish is accomplished by the equipment. The operator's role is nill.

Application of Human Factors to the Drinking Water Industry

Although automation has changed the nature of the operator's job throughout the drinking water industry, it has not diminished the operator's importance. New technologies may relieve operators from some of the tasks they have traditionally had to perform, but these same changes have also added new pressure. The increased sophistication of treatment facilities has added complexity to already complicated systems. Operators must now familiarize themselves with plant technology as well as understand process variables to ensure proper functioning of automated systems. Regardless of the level of automation, it is still the operator's responsibility to keep the plant running as designed, in compliance with all federal, state, and local requirements.

Physiological stresses associated with television camera operators' tasks

This study was undertaken to evaluate the physiological stresses experienced by news media cameramen on their jobs. The tasks performed by the cameramen were simulated, based on the results of monitoring the field performance of these camera operators for a two-week period. Four male professional camera operators volunteered to participate in this study. Heart rate and oxygen consumption were selected to measure the physiological stresses associated with the camera operator's jobs. The results clearly show that jobs performed by the news media camera operators working for small television stations include very demanding physical tasks. The camera operator's job could be classified, based on physiological costs, as heavy work. A detailed discussion of the results and their implications in the process of camera operator's job redesign is given.

Issues in the training of process operators

The process operator's job is varied, including straightforward procedures and more complex decision making skills, with some aspects of the job more critical than others. In view of this variety, considerable effort should be made to choose between training and non-training solutions and careful choice should be exercised between the various training options. A method of task analysis is described and the manner in which it facilitates various training decisions is illustrated. A well executed training intervention, it is argued, will result in recommendations for non-training solutions as well as employing a variety of types of training, including teaching plant ‘knowledge’, on-job instruction, operator development and simulator training. Many commercial simulators employed for training purposes focus on ‘fidelity’ but are without facilities which will aid the training process. The benefits of an analytical approach to simulation design are emphasised as this can lead to simulation training which is both inexpensive and effective.

An Operator-Oriented Analysis of the Process Operator's Job

A multi-methodological stepwise approach for an operator-oriented analysis of the process operator's job was investigated. It consisted of the application of a task-oriented method the results of which constituted the basis for a subsequently applied operator-oriented method. This approach was compared with two other approaches differing from the first one on its main features. Sixteen process operators from two chemical plants described their jobs according to the three approaches to be compared. The results indicated that the first approach can provide more reliable operator-oriented job descriptions than the other ones. However, the reliabilities of the descriptions do not meet the requirements. Possible explanations are discussed and suggestions for future research are dealt with

Computer Control Systems in Industry

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on computer control systems in industry. In the continuous process industry, computers are put to improve the process and to save energy. Increasing the use of computers also results in increasing people working on them, thus, increasing manpower. The nature of the work is also changed. The operator's job becomes of a higher level, leaving them time to be more creative. In the discontinuous process case, things are somewhat different, as computers are introduced to reduce manpower. The implementations of such systems must be made looking carefully at the social implications. However, in new plants, some number of people is required to operate and maintain computer control systems, and this is a very interesting job. The large Shell refinery in Rotterdam is equipped to process the leftovers of all different crude oils from within the company. This means frequent switching of the crude distillation plant from one mode of operation to another.

Effects of Job Redesign: A Field Experiment1

A telephone company project to redesign the job of directory assistance operator was: studied in order to determine the effects on workers of “job enrichment” programs. The change increased the amount of variety and the decisionmaking autonomy in the operator's job. However, no change in work motivation, job involvement, or growth need satisfaction occurred as a result of the changes; instead, the changes had a significant negative impact on interpersonal relationships. After the changes, the older employees reported less satisfaction with the quality of their interpersonal relationships, and those supervisors whose jobs were affected by the changes reported less job security and reduced interpersonal satisfaction. Implications of these findings for the theory of job redesign proposed by Hackman and Lawler (1971) are discussed.

EXPANDING WASTE WATER TREATMENT CONSIDERATIONS AT CORPS OF ENGINEERS RECREATION AREAS1

ABSTRACT. There have been many changes in the waste water treatment requirements at St. Louis District Corps of Engineers projects over the past few years. Discussed are the methods considered for treating these wastes. Extended aeration plant, followed by filtration, is the process used in most of the areas. The treatment plant operators have become key members of the project operation team. A discussion of the Districts operator training program is presented along with the operator's job requirements. Through a Spring inspection of all treatment plants in the District, a mechanism has been provided for encouraging feedback to the design engineer from the operator.