Operational Key Performance Indicators Research Articles

Measuring the service reliability and the passenger experience in frequence-based transport systems

This article explores the application and limitations of operational Key Performance Indicators (KPI) in frequency-based metro systems, specifically focusing on the Copenhagen Metro and Greater Copenhagen Light Rail. Recognizing that currently used KPIs, which primarily measure the frequency of station departures, fails to capture crucial aspects such as travel time reliability and system responsiveness during disruptions, the study proposes a reevaluation of the assessment focus. It delves into alternative measures that consider both the reliability of departures and the quality of the passenger experience. The research methodology evaluates metro performance through a variety of new KPIs, emphasizing time metrics like deviation and stability, thereby providing a more nuanced understanding of service reliability. This preliminary exploration seeks not only to enhance operational assessments but also to aid strategic planning and the execution of improvements within high-frequency public transportation systems. The article underscores the need for more adaptive, comprehensive KPIs that reflect the true operational realities of metro systems, suggesting that such advancements could significantly improve passenger satisfaction and system efficiency.

Quay Crane Performance Improvement and Lifecycle Extension: Retrofit Determination – A Case Study

Quay cranes (QCs) are critical equipment in Container Terminals and their performance determines the port operation efficiency in meeting operational Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). Considering 30-year lifespan of QCs and deteriorating reliability of the electrical control system, planning for timely retrofit of the QCs is critical. The paper aims to present a case study on how the performance of a batch of QCs, having more than 50% remaining lifespan, were analyzed and concluded to be retrofitted to address their deteriorating performance, high maintenance cost and obsolescence. The study methodology is based on quantitative data and employed a prospective longitudinal panel research design over sixteen years. eleven years of pre-retrofit and five years of post-retrofit operations, maintenance and financial data were collected. Convenient sampling technique was selected in this study as the QCs identified as samples were having reliability issues. The Correlation Analysis indicates strong positive correlation of more than 90% between Mean Time Between Failure, Mean Move Between Failure and Reliability KPIs. These KPIs have moderate positive correlations of about 50% with Availability KPI. These 4 KPIs have strong negative correlation of between -50% and -85% with Mean Time to Repair, Maintenance and Breakdown Repair Cost indicating performance degradation but increased maintenance and repair costs as shown by Trend Analysis. The 11-year preretrofit data has identified parameters to determine the QC retrofit prediction. The KPIs, obsolescence status, maintenance and breakdown repair cost can be used as the inputs to the future QC Retrofit Prediction Model development.

The burden of periprosthetic femoral fractures in England and Wales: Insights from the first two years of data collection in the National Hip Fracture Database and regional variation in care

IntroductionPeriprosthetic femoral fractures (PPFFs) represent an important healthcare problem, with a rising incidence noted due to an increase in the number of arthroplasty surgeries being performed. There is a current lack of national consensus as to how these complex, often frail patients are managed. AimsOur primary aim was to present the epidemiology of PPFFs in England and Wales over the first two years of data collection by the National Hip Fracture Database (NHFD). Secondary aims included how well the NHFD Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are met for PPFF patients, whether centres reporting a higher burden of PPFF patients are more likely to meet KPIs compared to lower volume centres, and to also identify if regional variation in care for these patients exist. MethodsPatients aged 60 years or over, admitted to any acute hospital in England or Wales with a PPFF within the period 1st January 2020 to 31st December 2021 were included. Fractures were classified using the Vancouver system. The primary outcome of interest was the incidence of PPFF in England and Wales. Secondary outcomes included i) geographical distribution, ii) pattern of injury, iii) treatment received, iv) KPI performance nationally, v) KPI performance by top 5 highest volume hospitals vs the rest, vi) KPI performance by region and vii) KPI performance compared with native hip fracture patients. ResultsA total of 5,566 PPFFs were reported during our study period. A 31 % increase in cases was seen between 2020 and 2021 (2,405 to 3,161). The South-West of England reported the highest burden of PPFFs (14 % of all cases reported in 2021). Vancouver B subtypes were most common around hip replacements (62 %) and C subtype around knee replacements (55 %). A total of 4,598 patients (82.6 %) underwent operative management. There was regional variation in KPI attainment. When compared to KPI attainment for native hip fractures PPFF care under performed in most regions and domains. High volume PPFF centres were not associated with improved attainment of KPIs. ConclusionWe have described the incidence, nature, and management of PPFF at national and regional levels using routinely collected NHFD data. Both numerically and due to case complexity, PPFF are a considerable challenge to patients and health services alike. This epidemiology is not captured by other existing datasets and increased case contribution to the NHFD is encouraged to improve understanding and enable prioritisation and delivery of further care and research.

Analysis of Green Supply Chain Management Performance Measurement in the Tofu Processing Industry (Case Study: Kampung Tahu-Tempe Selili)

Kampung Tahu-Tempe Selili is one of the industrial areas in Samarinda City that produces tofu and tempeh. In the production activities of this area, waste is still dumped into the Mahakam River. The problems include improper raw material sourcing, pollution that disturbs the surrounding residents due to the production process, lack of waste management, and the presence of defective tofu either after production or during delivery to consumers. The research Objective is to improve the supply chain activities using the Green Manufacturing approach. This study utilizes the Green Supply Chain Operations Reference (GreenSCOR) model with a focus on the production process. There are 8 Green Objectives with 15 Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) that will be weighted for each KPI using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Furthermore, data on the actual realization values of the KPIs are collected from 25 factories located in Kampung Tahu-Tempe Selili. The calculation is performed using the Snorm de Boer method to normalize the actual data, and the Traffic Light System (TLS) method is used to categorize the KPI performance. Based on the calculation of weights and normalization values, the performance score of Kampung Tahu-Tempe Selili is 69.85, KPIs MR-03 and MR-04 are problems faced by all factories and are categorized as red. Factory conditions that cannot treat liquid waste and waste in water use, so that steps that can be taken by the factory reuse residual water for needs that do not involve direct contact with food which can reduce water demand. Then work with the local government to build a waste end treatment plant which can later be processed into alternative biogas fuel.

The architecture evolution of intelligent factory logistics digital twin from planning, implement to operation

Digital twin is widely studied in the context of industry 4.0. It is expected that the application of digital twin in intelligent factory logistics can enrich connectivity, proactivity, and agility of the logistics. Architecture is one of the significant factors impacting on the selection of appropriate enabling technologies for constructing the intelligent logistics. This paper proposes a digital twin architecture for intelligent factory logistics. It mainly includes a physical layer, two cyber layers, and an interface layer. The architecture is in compliance with the architecture of the Human-Cyber-Physical System (HCPS). Moreover, the evolution of the architecture is elaborated during the planning, implement, and operation stages when construction of the digital twin. At the initial stage, human should participate in the decision-making process frequently to determine whether the results given by digital twin need to be changed. However, the data-driven model based digital twin will continually learn the human’s changing behaviors, thus constantly updating itself. It can evolution from digital model, digital shadow to digital twin with the continuous construction process. The ultimate digital twin should be able to assess operational key performance indicators (KPIs) and handle dynamic events.

Key performance indicators in short-term rental accommodation

PurposeThe boom of new players in the accommodation sector has led to an increase in the level of competitiveness and has highlighted the importance of using key performance indicators (KPIs) in organisational decision-making processes as efficient tools for thriving in the growingly competitive environment. This study aims to assess the use of KPIs by owner-managers of small and medium-sized short-term rental accommodation (STRA) units.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve this aim, this research encompasses two different primary data collection methods conducted in 2021. Firstly, from April to May, a set of exploratory interviews with experts within the STRA domain was planned. Secondly, an intensive data collection, from June to September, included an online questionnaire with close-ended questions to a sample of all the companies that manage STRA units in Portugal.FindingsThese managers tend to use more widely financial and operational KPIs that depict relationships with guests and reflect the activity of the STRA units, the external environment and the innovation level. Moreover, younger managers and those with higher levels of education tend to use a “monitoring review of digital platforms” KPI, while less experienced managers use financial and operational KPIs and senior and higher experienced managers place greater value on KPIs associated with customer relationships.Originality/valueSTRA units hold a very relevant position in the hospitality industry, and it is urgent to generate more information to better understand this growing subsector. This research contributes to the literature providing evidence on the importance of KPI to STRA units, for owner-managers and for urban tourism, considering their growth, proliferation and importance for the planning of cities by destination management organisations.

A Methodological Framework Based on a Quantitative Assessment of New Technologies to Boost the Interoperability of Railways Services

Concerning the increase in the number of trips and tourists after the COVID-19 pandemic, TSPs (Transport Service Providers) and transport organizations are trying to improve their operability to answer the needs and expectations of passengers. This paper presents a methodology to assess and evaluate to what extent innovative technologies meet the needs of tourists and TSPs involved in the digital ecosystem for door-to-door trips in Europe, making railways and public transport more attractive and consequently encouraging people to use more intermodal solutions in public transport. In this study, two kinds of quantitative data are used: operational KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) and USI (User Satisfaction Index) surveys. The Effectiveness concept, as a metric of the capacity to meet these needs and expectations by the innovative technology, is calculated by merging both types of quantitative data. The method considers tourists’ socio-demographic profiles, allowing comparisons among TSPs and profiles for a specific technology, and it is extended to figure out correlations among variables through regression and Bayesian Networks analysis. In addition, specific socio-demographic data relevant to the needs and expectations were studied through the ANOVA test. This work belongs to the methodological framework of the IP4MaaS (Innovation Program 4 Mobility as a Service) project, which sets six demo sites on which this assessment method will be applied in a further stage. The concept of Effectiveness is applied in all the above-mentioned demo sites for the final assessment. Some IT innovations such as Location-Based Experience and Journey Planning have shown high Effectiveness. This work could be interesting for TSPs and IT (Information Technology) developers, researchers, policymakers, and organizations in the transport sector.

A data-driven digital twin framework for key performance indicators in CNC machining processes

ABSTRACT This paper presents a data-driven digital twin (DT) framework that predicts key performance indicators (KPIs) in a CNC machining environment. The decision-makers can use these predicted KPIs in the CNC machining process flow to better choose cutting parameters to accomplish the required KPIs. Those beneficiaries would be the process planner in the process planning stage and the machine operator in the machining stage. The cutting parameters affect major performance KPIs such as machining time, quality, and energy consumption. So, correctly selected cutting parameters can improve KPIs in CNC machining operations. In this paper, the two KPIs considered for building predictive models, and their application in the proposed DT with experimental data are energy and surface roughness. The data for building the predictive models for a CNC milling process are obtained through experiments. This work also illustrates the choice of predictive modelling methods in both the stages of CNC machining and its outcomes.

Multitype Services Coexistence in Uplink NOMA for Dual-Layer LEO Satellite Constellation

The upcoming mega low-earth orbit (LEO) high-throughput satellite constellation is regarded as an emerging paradigm shift in the fifth-generation-advance (5GA) networks. In this article, we propose a multitype services coexistence handover (MSCH) nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme for a dual-layer mega LEO satellite constellation, which can simultaneously and efficiently provide uplink NOMA for three types of fifth-generation user equipments (UEs): 1) mission-critical communications (MCCs) UEs (CUs); 2) massive machine-type communications (mMTCs) UEs (MUs); and 3) enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) UEs (EUs). The EUs are mainly served in the higher layer satellites for longer service duration and may handover to the lower layer satellites to coexist with CUs or MUs. Moreover, the CUs and MUs perform grant-based (GB) and grant-free (GF) NOMA on resource blocks (RBs) in the lower layer satellites, respectively. Then, we derive the closed-form expressions of three specific key performance indicators (KPIs), i.e., outage probability (OP), system throughput (ST), and ergodic capacity (EC) in the MSCH NOMA scheme, and design five corresponding NOMA algorithms. Simulation results verify the accuracy of our theoretical derivations and show that the proposed NOMA schemes can achieve a better KPI performance than the state-of-the-art ones.

Challenges of Implementing S&OP in a Mid-sized Automotive Components Company: An Action Research Approach.

The purpose of this paper is to present an action research (AR) study of the Sales and Operations Planning (S&OP) implementation in a mid-sized automotive components company located in Brazil. This study provides a detailed empirical exploration of the S&OP implementation steps, challenges and results obtained in the researched context. An AR method was adopted in this work, seeking: (1) to find effective solutions to the dynamics of the specific context faced during the S&OP implementation, and (2) to promote large-scale changes through the engagement of the company and the researcher in the problem. The S&OP implementation presented significant results in the organization, streamlining inventory, and maintaining the service level desired by the company. The reactivity of the S&OP process also led to a quick adaptation to the COVID-19 challenges, which stands out in the operational key performance indicators (KPIs) analyzed in the period. This work contributes to theory and practice by reporting in-depth empirical research on S&OP implementation and its benefits. Practitioners and researchers can benefit from this research by understanding the best practices, challenges, and potential outcomes of implementing S&OP.

Balanced Scorecard Performance Evaluation Model for Waqf Institution

<p><em>Nazir Professional supports the management and utilization of productive waqf in Indonesia with measurable performance and competence. This study aimed to contribute to the Indonesian Waqf Board in evaluating Nazir's performance and competence in managing productive waqf through Key Performance Indicators (KPI). A descriptive qualitative analysis was conducted on previous studies to examine Nazir's performance and competence through KPIs based on the Balanced Scorecard. KPIs and periodic evaluations could make Nazir work more productively and professionally to increase the growth of productive waqf. Furthermore, the Nazirs could use the KPI performance, and competency assessment model proposed to the Indonesian Waqf Board to standardize its performance and competency assessments. The proposed model is hoped to be refined through further evaluation in the future.</em></p><p> </p>

The impact of the COVID 19 pandemic on peer to peer accommodation businesses: The case of Airbnb

Aim/purpose – This study aims to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on peer-to-peer accommodation (P2PA), investigate the potential factors related to or- ganizational resilience based on resilience resources and consumer threat response frameworks, and revisit the tourism disaster management framework. Design/methodology/approach – The operational Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) were analyzed in relation to host professionalism (organizational resilience) and property exposure to social contact (consumer threat response) for 23,334 properties available via the Airbnb platform. A regression model was proposed to estimate the impact of government policies on P2PA business performance. Findings – The revenue, the occupancy rate, and the number of active properties decreased by –59.1%, –41.3%, and –20.4%, respectively. Professional hosts and proper- ties offering less social contact showed lower declines in revenue and occupancy rate and their proportion in properties that survived 12 months after the pandemic breakout was higher. The consecutive waves of COVID-19 infections created a need to include a repetitive exchange of emergency and intermediate stages before the recovery stage could be started. Research implications/limitations – For P2PA hosts, this study could serve as a useful contribution to shaping their tactics given the COVID-19 pandemic continuation or simi- lar disaster to happen in the future. For governments or local authorities, this study should contribute to a better understanding of the impacts of various types of restrictions on accommodation segment performance. The limitation of this research is that it refers to big cities, extending it to rural destinations might reveal valuable insights. Additional- ly, it would be interesting to compare P2PA performance with other segments of the hospitality sector (e.g., hotels). Originality/value/contribution – This study contributes to the knowledge of tourism disaster management, organizational resilience, and consumer threat response frame- works. It reveals potential factors related to property resilience in the face of disease- -related disasters and proposes a revised framework for tourism disaster management. Keywords: peer-to-peer accommodation, Airbnb, revenue, tourism disaster manage- ment, COVID-19 pandemic. JEL Classification: M10, M39, L11, L25, D22.

Do external benchmarking mechanisms facilitate performance management in Malaysian local authorities?

PurposeThis paper investigates the extent to which externally led benchmarking may have facilitated performance management design and use in Malaysian local authorities.Design/methodology/approachA longitudinal qualitative study of local authorities in Malaysia was undertaken, comprising interviews with key officers during the introduction of process-based key performance indicators (KPIs), and following the imposition of benchmarking (i.e. relative performance evaluation) on local authorities. Complexity theory was used in the analysing and theorising of data.FindingsExternal benchmarking mechanisms facilitated only operational performance management, with strategic performance management merely ceremonially adopted. As the focus was on mainly operational KPIs, strategic goals were not translated into detailed action plans and outputs at departmental level. In addition, operational and strategic performance management packages were decoupled. Thus, the efforts of external actors resulted in operational controls suppressing rather than facilitating strategic processes.Research limitations/implicationsThere is a need to transition from purely externally led benchmarking to internally driven benchmarking in local government, whereby benchmarking forms part of the interactive performance management mechanisms that lead to institutional learning and improvement.Practical implicationsBenchmarking activities should be based on comprehensive analyses of performance management design and use. A reflective approach to continuously identify gaps or weaknesses in performance management systems will enable local government administrators to improve systems and processes in a timely manner to meet stakeholder needs.Originality/valueThis paper explains the impact of central government policy and benchmarking initiatives on other levels of government. We have built on previous literature by examining the connection between external benchmarking and internal performance management design and use in local government. In relation to this, and following calls for research on holistic performance management, the integration between operational and strategic performance management packages was also examined.

A structured approach to analyse logistics risks in the blood transfusion process.

Blood transfusion is a critical health care process due to the nature of the products handled and the complexity driven by the strong interdependence among the sub-processes involved. Most of the errors causing adverse events originate during the blood logistics activities. Several literature contributions apply risk management to the transfusion process but often in a fragmented and reactive way. Moreover, few of them focus on logistics risks and assess the effectiveness of risk responses through operational key performance indicators (KPIs). The present paper applies a comprehensive and structured approach to proactively identify and analyse logistics risks as well as define responses to improve blood bag traceability, focusing on hospital wards. The implementation of such actions is monitored by specific KPIs whose measurement enables an improved communication flow among actors allowing to uncover residual risks. Future research will extend the application to further blood transfusion settings and supply chain echelons. The outcomes of this work might assist practitioners in improving policy making about blood supply chains. As a matter of fact, they allow a better understanding of the associated material and informational flows and the related risks, which supports setting effective strategies to either prevent adverse events or mitigate their effects.

Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) to Promote Building Developers Safety Performance in the Construction Industry

Purpose: The aim of this study is to establish key performance indicators (KPIs) that can be deployed in the evaluation and promotion of safety performance of building developer`s in NigeriaDesign/methodology/approach: A thorough review of the literature was performed to generally identify sets of KPIs used to evaluate the safety performances of building developer`s during construction. Interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with eleven (11) subject matter experts and professionals to ensure inclusion, validation and clarity of the indicators and to further provide agreement/disagreement, and importance ratings for the identified KPIs. The KPIs was grouped into appropriate categories, keeping out redundant KPIs, and ensuring KPIs are clear and measurable. The Relative Importance Index (RII) and Mean values were computed.Findings: Results from the study consist of 137 KPIs, grouped into 9 categories including: Planning, design and procurement, communication on & maintenance of effective safety behaviour, construction safety policy, construction safety personnel, management effort and support, safety training and enlightenment, administration of safety processes, investigation and reporting of accidents, and rewards and sanctions for project stakeholders. These KPIs were observed to be at different levels of importance from the respondents. The following KPIs were considered based on their extreme importance judging from the respective RII values: communicating safety requirements to designer (98.18%), safety performance set as part of contractor selection criterion (96.36%), availability and accessibility of the relevant insurance policies (98.18%) and appropriate issuance of motivational directives by the top management (100%).Originality/value: Many studies have been done in the past where KPIs as it relates to construction safety were identified. However, the specificity of these KPIs to countries other than Nigeria requires similar research be conducted to identify building developer safety performance KPIs for the Nigerian construction industry.

Considering Uncertainties of Key Performance Indicators in Wind Turbine Operation

Key performance indicators (KPIs) are commonly used in the wind industry to support decision-making and to prioritize the work throughout a wind turbine portfolio. Still, there is little knowledge of the uncertainties of KPIs. This article intends to shed some light on the uncertainty and reliability of KPIs in general and performance KPIs in particular. For this purpose, different uncertainty causes are discussed, and three data handling related uncertainty causes are analyzed in detail for five KPIs. A local sensitivity analysis is followed by a more detailed analysis of the related uncertainties. The work bases on different sets of operational data, which are manipulated in a large number of experiments to carry out an empirical uncertainty analysis. The results show that changes in the data resolution, data availability, as well as missing inputs, can cause considerable uncertainties. These uncertainties can be reduced or even mitigated by simple measures in many cases. This article provides a comprehensive list of statements and recommendations to estimate the relevance of data handling related KPI uncertainties in the day-to-day work as well as approaches to correct KPIs for systematic deviations and simple steps to avoid pitfalls.

Key performance indicator of sustainability in the Malaysian food supply chain

The food supply chain in Malaysia plays a significant function in the nation’s economy. Since the industry is dominated by small and medium sized enterprises (SME), the local food supply chain must satisfy consumer demand. In order to help Malaysia to become more self-sufficient, improvements in the supply chain in terms of key performance indicators (KPIs) are important. However, it is common that strategic and operational KPIs are different and a disparity often exists between them. To be more successful for measuring the entire supply chain, the linkage of strategic objectives to operational objectives must be aligned to ensure the appropriate KPIs measure a proper connection between what they do and what the business achieves. The objective of this article is to propose a preliminary key indicator to measure sustainable performance within the perspective of Malaysian food supply chain. Key indicators have been summarized based on the previous researches focusing on the issue between 2007 until 2018. An overall of nine perspectives on sustainable performance measures in the food supply chain involved employee, supplier, health and safety, community, customer, cost effectiveness, quality, compliance and efficiency. These perspectives can be classified into three hierarchies; namely, strategic, tactical and operational. This paper proposes integration of key indicators as a starting point to evaluate the generic performance of Malaysia food supply chain.

Informing parametric risk control policies for operational uncertainties of offshore wind energy assets

The aim of this paper is to investigate uncertainties present during operation of offshore wind (OW) energy assets with a view to inform risk control policies for hedging of the incurring losses. The parametric framework developed is subsequently applied across a number of different locations in the South East Coast of the UK, so as to demonstrate the effect of weather conditions and resulting downtime on a number of operational Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), such as downtime due to planned and unplanned interventions, wind farm availability, Operation and Maintenance (O&M) costs and power production losses. Higher availability levels were observed in areas closer to shore of the specified region, while the distribution of O&M cost per MWh generated demonstrated a general trade-off of higher power generation in locations farther from shore due to better wind speed profiles and higher O&M costs, as a result of the decreasing vessels accessibility. The proposed methodology aspires to contribute to the development of better-informed risk control policies, through parametrically estimating the probability of exceedance curve of the production losses of an OW farm and indicating appropriate thresholds to be considered, so as not to exceed a maximum level of risk.

Lecture 3-Measuring Pharmacy's Work in the 21st Century.

The importance of developing a thoroughly shared understanding of mission, vision, and values is highlighted in reference to the creation of meaningful and sustainable key performance indicators (KPIs). A review of clinical practice KPIs (cpKPIs) and operational KPIs (opKPIs) is provided using work load measurement activities from Canada, its province of Alberta, and the United Kingdom. In order for Singaporean pharmacy clinicians and leaders to embrace a unified KPI system, the natural tendency to measure what is easy and available, instead of what matters to patients, is difficult but must be overcome.

On the validity of team performance indicators in rugby union

We conduct a validation study to determine which historically statistically significant rugby union team key performance indicators (KPIs) continue to be valid differentiators between winning and losing teams. We examine KPI validity within and among five competitions across 2013, 2014 and 2015 by determining which KPIs continue to achieve statistical significance, as well as provide actionable information to stakeholders (coaches, players, teams, performance analysts, researchers). While most of the historically significant KPIs differentiate between winning and losing teams in at least one competition, few do so across all the competitions considered. We argue that the handful of KPIs that reliably differentiate between winning and losing teams across competitions do not yield much actionable information for stakeholders. We discuss some contributing factors to this result and other important methodological issues in KPI performance analysis in rugby union.