Operation Process Research Articles

Optimizing high availability multi-controller placement in SDN/NFV 5G networks: a survey

<p>In meeting the diverse and occasionally conflicting quality of service (QoS) requirements associated with modern communication networks, 5G technology has emerged as a pivotal player. In its architecture, 5G has adopted network function virtualization (NFV) and cloud-based approaches, aiming to simplify network and service deployment, operational processes, and management. The convergence of software defined networking (SDN) and NFV offers an effective solution, enabling scalable and high-performance 5G networks. However, this integration poses critical challenges, with the placement of SDN controllers being a central concern due to its significant impact on network performance, covering aspects such as latency, costs, and energy efficiency. This challenge is known as the controller placement problem (CPP). The central theme of this paper revolves around the intricate relationship between 5G core networks, virtualization technology, and the pressing concern of SDN controller placement, underscoring its significance in the modern networking landscape. We provide a survey of recent methodologies aimed at solving the CPP within the realm of SDN, with a particular focus on resiliency and high availability.</p>

Musculoskeletal ultrasound to evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture: a review.

Acupuncture is a typical example of Traditional Chinese Medicine and has been used in China for hundreds of years to treat a wide range of illnesses. However, in the clinic, issues and deficiencies were primarily seen in four areas: loss of accuracy in the operation process; difficulty understanding the depth of acupuncture; difficulty using reinforcing and reducing techniques; and lack of a clear dynamic effect of acupuncture points following acupuncture. Musculoskeletal ultrasonography may quantitatively evaluate the acupuncture location and display the distribution of small nerves near and within the fascia of the acupuncture point in real time. The subjects were asked how they felt about receiving Qi when the needle body reached different depths and different tissues. The Qi obtained from an acupuncture point and the connective tissue of the fascia can be further understood by combining the physiological response of the acupuncture point with the anatomical structure, which offers a new method for defining the nature of the acupuncture point and standardizing the acupuncture point.

On Dispute Resolution of Land Ownership and Use Rights

With the rapid development of our country in recent years, disputes over land ownership and use rights have also increased. Due to the frequent and complex disputes over land ownership and use rights, some regulations and processes in practical operation have not kept up with the times, resulting in a series of problems in the process of handling disputes over land ownership and use rights. Therefore, further research is needed to resolve disputes over land ownership and use rights, and to improve the mechanism for resolving disputes over land ownership and use rights. This article delves into the general theory of disputes over land ownership and use rights, summarizes and organizes the main contents of dispute resolution methods for land ownership and use rights, and based on this, proposes the problems in dispute resolution for land ownership and use rights. Finally, it improves the countermeasures for resolving disputes over land ownership and use rights.

Computerized Surgical Planning in Face Transplantation

AbstractFace transplantation (FT) has emerged as a critical intervention for patients with complex facial deformities unsuitable for conventional reconstructive methods. It aims to restore essential functions such as facial expression, mastication, and speech, while also improving psychosocial health. The procedure utilizes various surgical principles, addressing unique challenges of craniofacial complexity and diverse injury patterns. The integration of Computerized Surgical Planning (CSP) leverages computer-aided technologies to enhance preoperative strategy, intraoperative navigation, and postoperative assessment. CSP utilizes three-dimensional computed tomography, printing, angiography, and navigation systems, enabling surgeons to anticipate challenges and reduce intraoperative trial and error. Through four clinical cases, including a groundbreaking combined face and bilateral hand transplant, CSP's role in FT is highlighted by its ability to streamline operative processes and minimize surgical revisions. The adoption of CSP has led to fewer cadaveric rehearsals, heightened operative precision, and greater alignment with preoperative plans. Despite CSP's advancements, it remains complementary to, rather than a replacement for, clinical expertise. The demand for technological resources and multidisciplinary teamwork is high, but the improved surgical outcomes and patient quality of life affirm CSP's value in FT. The technology has become a staple in reconstructive surgery, signaling a step forward in the evolution of complex surgical interventions.

Barriers and the potential for changes and benefits from the implementation of Industry 4.0 solutions in enterprises

Abstract The implementation of Industry 4.0 solutions in Polish enterprises entails both certain barriers and significant potential for changes and numerous benefits. These barriers may result from the costs of implementation of new technologies, the need to adapt employees to new skills and concerns about data security. However, by overcoming these difficulties, companies can benefit from the enormous potential for changes such as increasing production efficiency, optimizing logistics processes or improving product quality. Moreover, the use of Industry 4.0 technologies can contribute to increased innovation, increased competitiveness on the global market and the creation of new jobs. As a result, the benefits of implementing these solutions support Polish enterprises to actively engage in digital transformation, despite the barriers they encounter. The objective of this article is to confront the benefits and potential for changes resulting from the implementation of modern technologies with the barriers that limit this process. The statistical assessment of the differences between the barrier assessment values and the assessment of benefits from the use of technology, as well as between the barrier assessment values and the assessment of the potential for changes, was based on the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test. The study covered representatives of 236 enterprises who mainly held managerial positions at various levels of management staff or persons designated by them who were responsible for research and development activities in the surveyed entities. As a result, it was indicated that the level of involvement in technological transformation among Polish enterprises is moderate. Almost 67% of all the surveyed entrepreneurs can characterize specific Industry 4.0 solutions. Among them, only approximately 6% can be defined as highly digital companies that already have partially digitized operational processes. Moreover, enterprises see more potential benefits and potential changes from the introduction of Industry 4.0 solutions than barriers to their implementation. This study is dedicated to both authors dealing with Industry 4.0 issues and entrepreneurs implementing modern technologies in their companies.

СОПОСТАВИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ЖИЗНЕННОГО ЦИКЛА ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ ПО МОДЕЛИ И. АДИЗЕСА И ЖИЗНЕННОГО ЦИКЛА ПРОЕКТА В РАМКАХ ПРОЕКТНООРИЕНТИРОВАННОЙ МЕТОДОЛОГИИ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ

The relevance of the topic is determined by the existing conditions of transition of modern organizations to new management paradigms. World trends of project-oriented management are increasingly penetrating into domestic management practices. In domestic practice, the diversification of operational processes of the organization from projects faces difficulties in determining the intersection of the stages of the life cycle of the organization and the life cycle of the project, especially in the framework of strategic projects of the organization. Project-oriented management methodology is a modern means of ensuring a high level of competitiveness, but does not have sufficient understanding on the part of strategic and operational management of the organization. The greatest interest in this article is shown to the search for ways to form new approaches to the organization of project-oriented management in modern domestic organizations. Also, special attention is paid to the analysis of the current mechanisms of organization life cycle management of the organization and the project, based on the mechanism of combining the two approaches to management. The analysis of the application of the life cycle model of I. Adizes in the management of modern domestic organizations, as well as the analysis of the applicability of the traditional life cycle model of project management. The aim of the study is to identify ways to manage modern organizations by combining Adizes' life cycle model and the project life cycle model. The objectives of the study are reduced to the analysis of key factors contributing to the integration of the two approaches to the management of project-oriented organizations. Research results. The comparative analysis of the model of the life cycle of the organization I.Adizes and the model of the life cycle of the project is carried out. on the basis of results of the analysis of characteristics of stages of each of the models, proposals on use of the model of the life cycle of the project as a basic paradigm of management of the project-oriented organization as a whole are made. The problem of applicability of the proposed methodology is revealed, which requires practical confirmation and additional theoretical study.

Intelligent system for the optimization of eco-mobility operation processes aimed at public transportation in the state of Jalisco

The following work proposes a working model using artificial intelligence techniques to benefit employees working in public transport, specifically in the area of electric transport to batteries, with the help of data collection that this area generates daily, it is proposed to make a capture of these data and to start in a first instance, integrating predictive skills with the help of Machine Learning, for the prediction of autonomy for each bus in operation, to know the operating status of the batteries and to generate more efficient maintenance plans.

Analyzing and Simulating Evolution of Subsidy–Operation Strategies for Multi-Type China Railway Express Operation Market

The China Railway Express stands as a crucial facilitator of trade across the land routes of Eurasian countries. During its initial developmental phase, the China Railway Express heavily relied on subsidies to establish a market presence. This dependency hindered its independence and sustainability. Hence, there exists a paramount need to regulate the subsidy market and institute more rational operation strategies. This study focuses on the dynamics of the subsidies and operations in the market for the China Railway Express under different types of development models. It uses evolutionary game theory and the Activity-Based Costing (ABC) method to describe the dynamic evolution of four cases between local governments and operating-platform enterprises. Four corresponding lines were selected as instances: from Xiamen, Wuxi, Changsha, and Zhengzhou to Malaszewicze, Poland. The findings conclude that the optimal conditions for the development of the China Railway Express market exist when operating-platform enterprises possess higher assets and the local government’s supervision and punishment of the market are relatively weaker. This study offers valuable insights for guiding subsidy and operational decision-making processes for the China Railway Express.

DNA as a perfect quantum computer based on the quantum physics principles

DNA is a complex multi-resolution molecule whose theoretical study is a challenge. Its intrinsic multiscale nature requires chemistry and quantum physics to understand the structure and quantum informatics to explain its operation as a perfect quantum computer. Here, we present theoretical results of DNA that allow a better description of its structure and the operation process in the transmission, coding, and decoding of genetic information. Aromaticity is explained by the oscillatory resonant quantum state of correlated electron and hole pairs due to the quantized molecular vibrational energy acting as an attractive force. The correlated pairs form a supercurrent in the nitrogenous bases in a single band π\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\pi$$\\end{document}-molecular orbital (π\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\pi$$\\end{document}-MO). The MO wave function (Φ)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$(\\Phi )$$\\end{document} is assumed to be the linear combination of the n constituent atomic orbitals. The central Hydrogen bond between Adenine (A) and Thymine (T) or Guanine (G) and Cytosine (C) functions like an ideal Josephson Junction. The approach of a Josephson Effect between two superconductors is correctly described, as well as the condensation of the nitrogenous bases to obtain the two entangled quantum states that form the qubit. Combining the quantum state of the composite system with the classical information, RNA polymerase teleports one of the four Bell states. DNA is a perfect quantum computer.

Ship-from-store omnichannel using a 4pl digital platform

Goal: This research aimed to simulate a ship-from-store operation process from an omnichannel retailer. Based on this we proposed a conceptual model orchestrated through a 4PL. Through the results evaluated by performance indicators in the simulation, computational results of using the approach in a real case can be added to decision-making and the literature. Design / Methodology / Approach: This paper comprises the collection of sales and logistics data from a retailer for developing a computer simulation using R programming language, so that the ship-from-store strategy is evaluated. Data from an omnichannel retailer supported the development of two scenarios: the first represent retailer's current praxis; in the second, the logistics orchestration model is applied. The analysis considers two performance indicators: freight price and freight time. Results: The results demonstrate that after adopting the ship-from-store strategy the omnichannel retailer can reduce the freight price by up to 60%. Regarding the delivery time, a reduction of up to 8 days is envisioned. These reductions positively impact the customer experience in the online channel, increasing its attractiveness. Limitations of the investigation: The limitations of the research are based on a logistics orchestration model for a retailer that is omnichannel and has several stores within its national territory with stock. This stock is sufficient to implement a ship-from-store process in this retailer. Practical implications: This retailer, by applying the method, is able to achieve better customer rewards. In the same way, it manages to make the online channel more attractive at the lowest cost and in the shortest time. This retailer is also able to use new technological resources through a 4PL. This serves as a technological tool for the logistics orchestration operation. Originality / Value: An original computer simulation for a 4PL digital platform orchestrating the ship-from-store strategy in omnichannel retailing is presented.

Mission reliability evaluation and selective maintenance approach for manufacturing systems considering epistemic uncertainty

For manufacturing systems, the states of operational performance and functional output are essential indicators of their reliability evaluation, operational health state monitoring, and maintenance decision. However, due to the instability of the 5M1E factors, that is, Man, Machine, Method, Material, Measurement, and Environment, in the manufacturing process, certain components within these systems could introduce epistemic uncertainty factors and thus interfere with the results of evaluation and decision. Consequently, a novel integrated mission reliability evaluation and selective maintenance approach considering epistemic uncertainty is proposed. First, an uncertain–random operational model for manufacturing systems, in which the uncertain operational mechanisms are specified, is established as the foundation. Second, a mission reliability evaluation method for uncertain–random manufacturing systems that fuses the conformity and fitness quality data is proposed to cope with the challenge of epistemic uncertainty. Third, a selective maintenance decision model that maximizes the system’s mission reliability is developed in consideration of the uncertain factors within the operation process. Finally, a case study of a ferrite phase shifting unit manufacturing system is conducted to validate the proposed approach.

Research on the kinetics characteristics and in-cylinder combustion of opposed rotary piston engine for different power output modes

As a new type of internal combustion engine, opposed rotary piston (ORP) engine has the advantages of simple structure and high working frequency, and can achieve high power density. Consequently, it stands as an ideal power source for hybrid power systems and unmanned aerial vehicles. The ORP engine has different power output modes, corresponding to different piston rotation and volume evolutions of combustion chamber. However, the effect of power output modes on kinetics characteristics and in-cylinder combustion of ORP engines are still uncovered. In this paper, the kinematic model of an ORP engine is established for scenarios involving power output by different shafts (Shaft 1 and Shaft 3). Meanwhile, the piston rotation patterns and cylinder volume variations are investigated correspondingly. Further, three-dimensional numerical model of the ORP engine is established, enabling analysis of in-cylinder combustion characteristics, engine performance, as well as nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. The results indicate that the volume variations of all cylinders follow a consistent pattern under the power output by Shaft 3. A pair of opposed cylinders features longer durations of intake and expansion strokes, and shorter durations of compression and exhaust strokes, the other pair of combustion chambers is the opposite under the power output by Shaft 1. The engine demonstrates a charging efficiency of 95.36 %, with corresponding indicated thermal efficiency and indicated power output of 38.08 % and 40.9 kW, respectively. The two adjacent cylinders present significantly different operation processes in the case of the power output by Shaft 1, achieving charging efficiencies of 94.29 % and 89.11 %, respectively, with the indicated thermal efficiency of 34.49 % and 31.60 %. The corresponding minimum indicated specific fuel consumption under the two power output modes are 211.7 g/kW∙h and 243.7 g/kW∙h, respectively, accompanied by NOx emission factors of 25.3 g/kW∙h and 17.6 g/kW∙h. With the given range of ignition timing, a trade-off relationship exists between the engine performance and NOx emissions. The power density of the case of power output by Shaft 3 is superior to that of Shaft 1.

Research on Polar Operational Limit Assessment Risk Indexing System for Ships Operating in Seasonal Sea-Ice Covered Waters

The Polar Operational Limit Assessment Risk Indexing System (POLARIS) has been established as a viable framework for assessing operational capabilities and associated risks in polar waters. Despite its inherent suitability for high-latitude territories, ships navigating through seasonal ice-infested waters at lower latitudes also encounter critical safety, environmental, and economic issues exacerbated by the presence of ice. This necessitates a reliable and adaptable methodology that can serve as a reference for devising effective countermeasures. This study evaluated the use of POLARIS in the intricate ice conditions prevalent in the northern navigable waters (channels and anchorages) within Liaodong Bay of the Bohai Sea, located at relatively low latitudes. Using GF-4 satellite imagery, ice conditions were collected, and the POLARIS methodology was employed to calculate Risk Index Outcome (RIO) values for non-ice-strengthened vessels during the winter season of 2021–2022. The results showed that sectors 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, and 11 within the northern part of Liaodong Bay exhibited a higher risk, with sectors 5 and 10 exhibiting the most significant risk, while sectors 1 and 2 demonstrated relatively lower risk levels. The concurrence of these findings with acknowledged ice patterns and local maritime practices confirms the applicability of the POLARIS methodology in saline, seasonally ice-covered seas. Notably, the combination of POLARIS with high-resolution satellite imagery facilitated a more precise and rapid assessment of ice risk, thereby enhancing situational awareness and informing decision-making processes in maritime operations under icy conditions. In addition, this study provides preliminary evidence that POLARIS is suitable for fine-scale scenarios, in addition to being applicable to sparse-scale scenarios, such as polar waters, especially with high-resolution ice data. At the same time, this study highlights the potential of POLARIS as a disaster prevention strategy and a tool for the maritime industry to address ice challenges.

Condition Monitoring of a Cartesian Robot with a Mechanically Damaged Gear to Create a Fuzzy Logic Control and Diagnosis Algorithm

The detection of faults during an operational process constitutes a crucial objective within the framework of developing a control system to monitor the structure of industrial mechanisms. Even minor faults can give rise to significant consequences that require swift resolution. This research investigates the impact of overtension in the tooth belt transmission and heating of the screw transmission worm on the vibration signals in a robotic system. Utilizing FFT techniques, distinct frequency characteristics associated with different faults were identified. Overtension in the tooth belt transmission caused localized oscillations, addressed by adjusting the acceleration and deceleration speeds. Heating of the screw transmission worm led to widespread disturbances affecting servo stress and positioning accuracy. A fuzzy logic algorithm based on spectral analysis was proposed for adaptive control, considering the vibration’s frequency and amplitude. The simulation results demonstrated effective damage mitigation, reducing wear on the mechanical parts. The diagnostic approach, relying on limited data, emphasized the feasibility of identifying transmission damage, thereby minimizing maintenance costs. This research contributes a comprehensive and adaptive solution for robotic system diagnostics and control, with the proposed fuzzy logic algorithm showing promise for efficient signal processing and machine learning applications.

Enhancing Strategy of Triboelectric Nanogenerator via Origami Pattern by Harvesting Mechanical Motion and Wind Flow

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are promising energy-harvesting devices that generate electricity from mechanical energy. However, the electrical outputs of typical TENGs are limited because of the fundamental mechanism by which TENGs require a certain amount of space for contact-separation motion. Therefore, we developed an origami-based vertical/fluttering hybrid TENG (OVFH-TENG), which is the innovative structure that can generate electricity from both vertical movement and wind flow which is generated by vertical movement. It consists of a vertical TENG and a fluttering TENG where vertical TENGs can generate electricity and wind flow from mechanical input and the fluttering TENGs can generate electricity from the wind flow which is generated by its own operation process. Thus, OVFH-TENG can effectively harvest energy from vertical contact and fluttering motions with a single input. The optimized OVFH-TENG generated a 34.7% higher output than the general contact-separation TENG. Finally, the OVFH-TENG was able to light 180 LEDs, which was not possible with a general contact-separation TENG.

International Legal Approach to Understanding Energy Diplomacy

INTRODUCTION. The relevance of the research topic is determined, firstly, by the increasing importance of energy diplomacy for solving modern problems arising in the field of international energy cooperation, and secondly, by the significance of studying the problems of energy diplomacy from the point of view of the science of international law. Despite the fact that energy diplomacy is being formed and realizing its potential in the international legal environment, it is not given adequate attention to its role in the legal literature, including in scientific works on international law, which, in turn, looks like a gap in international legal science. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the international legal concept of energy diplomacy, to identify its connection with the classical model of diplomacy and at the same time specific, to objectively identify the main directions of the relationship between energy diplomacy and international law.MATERIALS AND METHODS. When writing the work, scientific works related to the topic, international treaties and documents of international law, acts of national legislation of states are analyzed. General scientific and special methods of cognition, including comparative legal and formal legal, were used as a research method.RESEARCH RESULTS. Energy diplomacy is derived from the “classical” model of diplomacy. There are various interpretations of diplomacy, focusing on its various aspects and manifestations. The article substantiates the understanding of diplomacy as a means of implementing the state’s foreign policy through the activities of special entities (bodies of foreign relations) using non-military techniques and methods in accordance with international law. The evolution of diplomacy and the emergence of its new forms are traced, their specificity and international legal component are noted. Taking into account the specifics of energy, international energy cooperation, their legal support based on the potential of international and national law, the independent nature of energy diplomacy, its increasing role in modern conditions is substantiated. The specific features of energy diplomacy are identified and its concept is proposed, taking into account the international legal component. In modern conditions, full-fledged regulatory and institutional legal foundations of the EU’s foreign energy policy and energy diplomacy have not developed. It is noted that the legitimacy of unilateral restrictive measures applied in energy diplomacy by a number of states is indisputable from the point of view of international law. The main directions of the relationship between energy diplomacy and international law are outlined in detail, options for legitimizing the national interests of states in the energy sector based on the potential of international law are highlighted.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. The main conclusions of the study are as follows. Firstly, energy diplomacy is a new functional area of diplomatic activity. It has a single essence with “classical” diplomacy (to serve as a means of implementing foreign policy, in accordance with international law) and, at the same time, is characterized by a number of features derived from the energy sector and energy law (a special focus on the implementation of the goals and objectives of the state's foreign energy policy, the participation of energy departments in it and the connection of energy companies, methods used in it). Secondly, energy diplomacy and international law in the process of their development and functioning are mutually linked and have a reciprocal influence. International law, firstly, defines the legal framework and forms of implementation of energy diplomacy (as well as diplomatic activity in general), and secondly, plays a decisive role in legitimizing the national interests of states in the field of foreign energy policy carried out through energy diplomacy. In turn, energy diplomacy, relying on the potential of international law, contributes to ensuring energy security (national and international) and, thereby, to maintaining the international energy order. In general, energy diplomacy influences the process of creation and operation of international law norms and contributes to the development of international law.

A Genetic Algorithm with Lower Neighborhood Search for the Three-Dimensional Multiorder Open-Size Rectangular Packing Problem

This paper addresses the multiorder open-dimension three-dimensional rectangular packing problem (3D-MOSB-ODRPP), which involves packing rectangular items from multiple orders into a single, size-adjustable container. We propose a novel metaheuristic approach combining a genetic algorithm with the Gurobi solver. The algorithm incorporates a lower neighborhood search strategy and is underpinned by a mathematical model representing the multiorder open-dimension packing scenario. Extensive experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The LNSGA algorithm outperforms Gurobi and the traditional genetic algorithm in solution quality and computational efficiency. For small-scale instances, LNSGA achieves optimal values in most cases. LNSGA demonstrates significant optimization improvements over Gurobi and the genetic algorithm for large-scale instances. The superior performance is attributed to the effective integration of the lower neighborhood search mechanism and the Gurobi solver. This study offers valuable insights for optimizing the packing process in e-commerce warehousing and logistics operations.

Optimization Design of Straw-Crushing Residual Film Recycling Machine Frame Based on Sensitivity and Grey Correlation Degree

This paper takes the frame as the research object and explores the vibration characteristics of the frame to address the vibration problem of a 1-MSD straw-crushing and residual film recycling machine in the field operation process, and an accurate identification of the modal parameters of the frame is carried out to solve the resonance problem of the machine, which can achieve cost reduction and increase income to a certain extent. The first six natural frequencies of the frame are extracted by finite element modal identification and modal tests, respectively. The rationality of the modal test results is verified using the comprehensive modal and frequency response confidences. The maximum frequency error of modal frequency results of the two methods is only 6.61%, which provides a theoretical basis for the optimal design of the frame. In order to further analyze the resonance problem of the machine, the external excitation frequency of the machine during normal operation in the field is solved and compared with the first six natural frequencies of the frame. The results show that the first natural frequency of the frame (18.89 Hz) is close to the external excitation generated by the stripping roller (16.67 Hz). The first natural frequency and the volume of the frame are set as the optimization objectives, and the optimal optimization scheme is obtained by using the Optistruct solver, sensitivity method, and grey correlation method. The results indicate the first-order natural frequency of the optimized frame is 21.89 Hz, an increase of 15.882%, which is much higher than the excitation frequency of 16.67 Hz, and resonance can be avoided. The corresponding frame volume is 9.975 × 107 mm3, and the volume reduction is 3.46%; the optimized frame has good dynamic performance, which avoids the resonance of the machine and conforms to the lightweight design criteria of agricultural machinery structures. The research results can provide some theoretical reference for this kind of machine in solving the resonance problem and carrying out related vibration characteristics research.

Analisis Swelling Clay di Formasi Telisa Untuk Perencanaan Lumpur Pemboran Skala Laboratorium

In the exploration stage, there is a well drilling operation process aimed at making holes in locations identified as having oil/gas. At the time of the drilling, it does not always run well so that it can cause problems that interfere with drilling operations such as swelling clay, sloughing shale, caving shale, and differential pipe sticking which may be due to the formation lithology penetrating thick shale formations, so that these problems can slow the penetration rate and increase the cost of drilling operations. Then the swelling clay analysis was carried out to overcome this problem. This study aims to determine the reactivity of cuttings by identifying the clay content in the Telisa Formation and planning the drilling mud to be used, so that it is suitable if it penetrates the Telisa Formation so that clay Swelling does not occur. There are 3 different types of water base mud, namely 7% KCL Polymer PHPA, 7% KCL Polymer Polyamine, and 7% KCL Polymer Soltex. This method is carried out in a laboratory test by conducting several Density, Yield Point, Plastic Viscosity, Gel Strength, MBT (Methylene Blue Test) and LSM (Linear Swelling Meter) tests. The results of the 7% KCl Polymer PHPA mud test were Density 9.9 ppg, Plastic Viscosity 20 cp, Yield Point 18 lb/100 ft2, MBT 15 meq, and LSM 29.5 meq/100 gr. In the 7% KCl Polymer Polyamine mud test, namely Density 9.8 ppg, Plastic Viscosity 19 cp, Yield Point 18 lb/100 ft2, MBT 12.5 meq, and LSM 24.375 meq/100 gr. In the 7% KCl Polymer Soltex mud test, namely Density 9.7 ppg, Plastic Viscosity 20 cp, Yield Point 17 lb/100 ft2, MBT 10 meq and LSM 19.5 meq/100 gr. There are different values on the properties of the mud in each test using 3 different types of additives.

Effects of system parameters on a single-beam synthetic gradiometer with a dual-cell structure.

We report a single-beam synthetic gradiometer operated in the spin-exchange-relaxation free (SERF) regime, using the structure of two separate atomic vapor cells spaced 2 cm apart. To improve the capability of the gradiometer in suppressing the common-mode magnetic field noise, we are aiming at investigating the effects of the system parameters on the gradiometer common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR). The mathematical expression for the relationship between the gradiometer CMRR and the two variables including the linewidth ratio and the pumping factor ratio is constructed for the first time, to our knowledge. This means that the CMRR can be optimized by controlling the linewidth and the pumping factor, which is easy to implement in the operation process. As a result, a CMRR of 246 is achieved and a gradiometer sensitivity of 4.5 fT/cm/Hz1/2 is also measured. This method provides a theoretical and experimental basis for the automated operation of gradiometers, and the gradiometer system performance can be tuned to a desired state by simply controlling the linewidth and the incident light intensity.