Operation Problem Of Micro-grids Research Articles

A Real-time Operation Scheme of Microgrids with Distributed Generation in Electricity Markets

This paper addresses the operation problem of microgrids under market environments. Considering the flexibility of DG sources in operation as well as the availability of market prices, microgrid operators can improve the profit in electricity markets by properly adjusting DG units in real-time corresponding to the price signal which is updated few-hour ahead. Starting with the basic formulation of unit commitments, the paper derives the optimality condition of DG units, i.e., generation levels for maximizing the profit assuming all units are being On (committed). If the capacity constraint results in an excess of the marginal cost to the locational market price, the unit will be considered to be Off. Taken into account the cost associated with switching On/Off the unit, an economic comparison will determine the optimal decision of whether to turn the unit On/Off or remain its current state. The proposed operation scheme is examined in a case study to illustrate its effectiveness with different scenarios of the market price.

Smart Microgrid Energy Management Using a Novel Artificial Shark Optimization

At present, renewable energy sources (RESs) integration using microgrid (MG) technology is of great importance for demand side management. Optimization of MG provides enhanced generation from RES at minimum operation cost. The microgrid optimization problem involves a large number of variables and constraints; therefore, it is complex in nature and various existing algorithms are unable to handle them efficiently. This paper proposed an artificial shark optimization (ASO) method to remove the limitation of existing algorithms for solving the economical operation problem of MG. The ASO algorithm is motivated by the sound sensing capability of sharks, which they use for hunting. Further, the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources is managed by utilizing battery energy storage (BES). BES has several benefits. However, all these benefits are limited to a certain fixed area due to the stationary nature of the BES system. The latest technologies, such as electric vehicle technologies (EVTs), provide all benefits of BES along with mobility to support the variable system demands. Therefore, in this work, EVTs incorporated grid connected smart microgrid (SMG) system is introduced. Additionally, a comparative study is provided, which shows that the ASO performs relatively better than the existing techniques.