Operation Panel Research Articles

Enhancing Public Health: training an AI chatbot for complex tasks support

Abstract Background The evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT-4, Gemini, and Copilot has transformed the field of Natural Language Processing, demonstrating human-level capabilities and potential applications in Public Health. Here, we report on the training of a chatbot model based on GPT-4 designed to assist operators with relevant and complex public health tasks. Methods A scoping review of existing studies on the application of LLMs in Public Health settings was conducted to understand the landscape and identify gaps in their current implementations. We then proceeded to analyse the necessary skills and competencies required for public health professionals to adequately instruct the model on required tasks. Finally, we selected the Italian regulations and guidelines with the greatest relevance in the public health field to provide the knowledge base to the model. Results The review revealed no relevant documents on the use of LLMs in areas related to Public Health. Skills and competencies were retrieved from the Guidelines of the Italian Society of Hygiene for Public Health operators and used to instruct the model on how to address public health tasks. As for the knowledge base, we retrieved 25 documents regulating specific areas of the public health field, such as vaccinations, hygiene and safety at work, infection prevention, and school hygiene. Such documents were used to train the model, after formatting them appropriately. Conclusions Despite challenges with non-standardized and technically complex documentation, preliminary testing of our model has shown its versatility and utility in supporting daily public health operations. A validation phase is under definition and will involve a DELPHI process, in which products of the custom GPT model will be evaluated by a panel of public health operators to evaluate its performance in real-world settings, ensuring compliance with national health regulations. Key messages • Training a GPT-4-based chatbot to support complex tasks in Public Health, tailored by relevant national guidelines. • Our custom model, informed by public health guidelines, showed potential in preliminary tests.

Determining the efficiency of techniques for optimizing the number of tags in modern human-machine interfaces under conditions of limited resources

The object of this study is modern Human-Machine Interfaces (HMI) and SCADA systems in the industry. The subject of research is techniques for optimizing the number of tags (variables) in the SCADA/HMI environment to enhance resource utilization efficiency. One of the challenges in creating SCADA/HMI-based solutions can be the number of tags (variables) in the runtime environment. A large number of tags can lead to a problem of limited available resources. The technique presented here allow for the optimization of the number of tags used in Human-Machine Interface systems built with SCADA software and operator panels in combination with Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs). An evaluation of the efficiency of techniques for reducing the number of HMI tags was conducted on an experimental configuration consisting of objects such as discrete input/output, analog input/output, actuators such as valves with discrete/analog control, and drives with frequency converters. The optimization coefficient, defined as the ratio of the number of input/output tags used directly to the number of tags after applying the optimization principle, was used as the efficiency criterion. Depending on the techniques and their combinations, the criterion values reached orders of 4, 10, and in one case even more than 100. These values are explained by the application of multiplexing approaches and various packing techniques. The advantages and disadvantages of the reported techniques, as well as their application limitations, have been identified. Some techniques are suitable only for specific tasks. These techniques could be applied in practical implementation when designing modern high-efficiency Human-Machine Interfaces under conditions of limited resources.

SCADA Implementation on Solar Panel Electricity Consumption Monitoring and Regulation System

In an effort to motivate students and understand application of SCADA to the Solar Panel system which is one source potential non - fossil energy to be used as solution to meeting sustainable energy needs.​ Where in its operation , efficiency and reliability Solar Panel system is still a major problemthat must be overcome . Utilization of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) in management Solar Panel Systems (PLTS) have become significant solution​ to improve loading efficiency . The purpose of this research is to create a prototypes solar panel practicum as a learning media to motivate student in understanding how solar panels work and can apply the process of monitoring and regulating solar panel system with SCADA in real-time. The equipment used​ includes Solar Panels, Solar Charger Controller (SCC), Inverter, Battery , PLC Omron CP1E-NA20DR-A and CP1W AD041, ACS712 Current Sensor , ZMPT101B Voltage Sensor, DHT22 Temperature and Humidity Sensor and Light Sensor (LDR) as well as CX- Programmer software Ver. 9.5 and CX -Supervidor Ver.4.0. The method used is Research and Development method as the basic for design and manufacture of solar panel practicum tools and the application of SCADA to the monitoring system and electricity usage of solar panels . From the results of tests conducted with the application of SCADA on solar panels can monitor Voltage , Current , Power, Temperature , Light and load usage regulator electric solar panels based on electrical energy consumption, as well as the condition of electrical equipment connected to the solar panel system with an average error values : Voltage 0.084%, Current 0.155%, Power 0.107% and Temperature 45 0C and Light 658.7 Lux.

Application of Functional Resonance Analysis and fuzzy TOPSIS to identify and prioritize factors affecting newly emerging risks

Conventional safety analyses in complex systems like air separation units (ASUs) often attributed accidents to linear, deterministic causes, such as operator error. However, acknowledging the intricate interdependence of process components necessitates a shift towards recognizing the complexity of incident causation. This study proposes a novel model that integrates Function Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) and fuzzy logic analysis to address this growing need. The model facilitates the identification of emerging risks and assesses the impact of influential factors within a mixed qualitative and quantitative framework. The FRAM method is initially employed to identify emerging risks within the ASU. Subsequently, fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making methods are utilized to establish the relationships and weightage of influential factors. Data collection encompasses semi-structured interviews, direct observation, process workflow analysis, and the involvement of a panel of engineers and operators from the investigated ASU. Utilizing FMV software for FRAM analysis, functions associated with air compression, distribution, and storage exhibit high resonance. This signifies substantial variability and a heightened potential for incidents or deviations in these functions and higher-level tasks. Furthermore, Fuzzy TOPSIS analysis reveals that education and experience emerge as the most impactful factors governing newly emerging risk. This model demonstrates significant merit for risk assessment and incident investigation. Its non-linear and dynamic nature empowers the proactive identification and examination of processes, incidents, and emerging risks before deviations or accidents occur.

STUDY ON AUTOMATION PROGRAMMING TO MONITOR AND CONTROL A SCREW ELECTRO-COMPRESSOR

The article describes the programming architecture of a programmable logic controller (PLC) and an operator panel that is part of an automation cabinet of a screw electro-compressor. Behind the operation of a screw electro-compressor, there is a programming logic presented in the article that is implemented according to the requirements of each project. The article presents all the states of a screw compressor that are implemented in the PLC by a programmer in the form of software sequences. The article depicts the logic diagrams used to facilitate the software implementation process. Following the software implementation in the PLC of the logic diagrams, the article has a second software that contains a series of screens for the operator panel. The operator panel is a touch-screen type and communicates with the PLC through a defined communication protocol displaying the parameter values in real time on the programmed screens. The software developed for the operator panel by a programmer has the role of facilitating a human operator to monitor parameters and transmit commands to the screw electro-compressor. The article ends by presenting the conclusions that argue the efficiency and safety in operation through the presented software concept of a screw electro-compressor.

Research on the influence and evaluation of manual operation performance of multifunctional operation panel considering interaction effect

AbstractManual operations remain crucial in critical human‐machine interactions due to limitations in automatic control algorithms and technologies. While ergonomic analysis and evaluation techniques for interactive interfaces are advancing, recent approaches emphasize integrating graphical interface experiences with intuitive controls. Conventional methods often lack precision or overlook the interaction effect of different influencing factors, leading to inadequate assessment of essential manual operations for intricate interfaces, such as multifunctional operation panels. To address these challenges, this study aimed to investigate the interaction effects of various factors on the manual operation performance of operators when using a multifunctional operation panel and aims to develop a more comprehensive and broadly applicable evaluation model for such panels. An experiment was designed to consider the type, size, layout of controls, and operational task type as the main factors affecting manual operation performance. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to identify significant interaction effects among the operation factors. The findings underscored the importance of these interactions in evaluating manual operation performance. Multivariate linear regression further examined the influence of these factors, enhancing the evaluation methodology. The study emphasizes the critical role of understanding interaction effects in assessing the manual operation performance of multifunctional operation panels, particularly in improving the design of the panel or operation tasks.

The impact of energy transition on distribution network costs and effectiveness of yardstick competition: an empirical analysis for the Netherlands

We assess the impact of regional differences related to energy transition on average costs and allowed revenues for a panel of Dutch electricity distribution system operators (DSOs) subject to yardstick competition. Yardstick competition entails that the allowed revenues of DSOs are based on the average costs of the entire industry, which requires that these DSOs are comparable. This comparability requirement is challenged by the penetration of distributed generation and other distributed energy resources, which may cause regional differences among DSOs. Estimating an average-cost function for the entire population of Dutch DSOs for the period 2012–2020, we find that the installed capacity of solar PV, installed capacity of on-shore wind and number of public electric-vehicle charging points have a significant effect on unit costs of DSOs. If yardstick competition does not take these effects into account, the allowed revenues for some DSOs (having above-average shares of energy-transition variables) are too low, whereas allowed revenues for other DSOs (having below-average shares of energy-transition variables) are too high. We find that taking the impact into account can change the price caps of individual DSOs with a percentage up to around 20%.

Vibration sensor as the basis of an equipment monitoring system

Currently, the high complexity and instability of engineering production processes leads to the need to make management decisions under conditions of uncertainty, which significantly affects the efficiency of production as a whole. Reducing uncertainty in operational production planning of machine-building industries is possible by analyzing data on the flow of technological processes collected using equipment monitoring systems, i.e. measuring and information systems. It is proposed to use vibration sensors as the main source of information to obtain reliable data on the operation of equipment. General issues regarding vibration sensors are considered and a variant of their classification according to various features is presented, such as sensitivity, operating principle, method of obtaining information, signal conversion mechanism, signal measurement method. Several versions of vibration sensors have been developed, designed to collect information about the level of vibration during processing and included in the diagnostic module for monitoring equipment operation. The first version of the printed circuit board is based on a microcontroller based on ATMega328P, designed to read MEMS accelerometer data and transmit the collected information using a wireless communication module to the operator panel for display in real time and transmission for storage and processing to the server. To charge the battery, a charge controller based on the TP4056 chip and a low-dropout linear stabilizer TPS730 are used. In the second option, the MPU9250 inertial measurement module is used, and information processing and data transmission is carried out using a specialized module NINA-B306. A printed circuit board of any of the presented options is installed in a vibration control sensor mounted on the back side of a three-jaw chuck inside the machine body. This placement of the diagnostic module eliminates the possibility of its unintentional damage while ensuring the required quality and reliability of signal transmission. The vibration sensor, fixed to the cartridge using quick-release strips, consists of a board located in the housing. Above the board there is an insert that protects the board from the battery. The housing is closed from above with a lid using screw washers through a gasket to ensure the housing is sealed. The clamping screw is used to secure the board in the case. The vibration sensor is turned on using a button. The proposed vibration sensor can be used as the basis of an measuring and information systems, because information about the level of vibration of a technological system, recorded by sensors, like a human cardiogram, provides comprehensive information about its condition. A diagnostic module built on the basis of a vibration sensor will increase the efficiency and “transparency” of machining processes and collect statistical data that allows assessing the efficiency of equipment operation.

Analysis of experience in optimizing the operation of an automated production line for folding cardboard boxes

The object of research is an automated system for controlling the bending mechanisms of the folding-gluing line for cardboard packaging products. In the work, the ways of optimization and the development of an automated control system for the bending mechanisms of the folding and gluing line, which makes it possible to fold various structures and standard sizes of cardboard boxes using modern automation tools based on programmable logic controllers, were carried out in the work. A mathematical model has been proposed to describe operations on the folding-gluing line. Based on the model, a methodology has been developed for calculating the parameters of the automated control system for the box folding production line, depending on the technical parameters of the line and the parameters of the boxes to be bent. This will make it possible to choose optimal technological modes of the production process and obtain high quality parameters of cardboard packaging products. To verify the mathematical model of the production line, software has been developed in the Delphi development environment, which was applied with the developed automated production process control system based on a programmable logic controller (PLC) and an operator panel. This produced a number of results, in particular, controlling the speed of the hook bend in proportion to the speed of the line. And also provided an opportunity to increase line speed and, accordingly, production productivity. It has been possible to change the mutual location of system elements, which made it possible to reduce the distance between workpieces and increase the capacity of the line tape by 30 %. The obtained research results were implemented at the production enterprise of typographic products «Dinas» (Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine), which contributed to the improvement and optimization of production processes. Conducting further research will provide an opportunity to expand the proposed methodology for use on all types of folding and gluing lines.

Implementing Measurement-Based Care (MBC) for Mental Health in a Paediatric Hospital Setting

Introduction: Measurement-Based Care (MBC) is the routine, systematic use of validated measures (e.g., patient-reported outcome measures [PROMs]) before or during clinical encounters to inform treatment decision-making. A large body of evidence, including randomized controlled trials, suggest that MBC outperforms usual care in response to treatment, remission rates, time to response and remission for individuals with depression, anxiety and other mental health conditions. MBC is a standard of care for most chronic conditions (e.g., diabetes, hypertension, asthma), however, it is underutilized in pediatric mental healthcare, despite well documented benefits and feasibility. As part of the hospital’s broader mandate to better integrate physical and mental healthcare, the MBC implementation team set out to develop an MBC system for evaluation of mental health concerns across the hospital with the goal to facilitate monitoring and response of mental health metrics at the patient, provider, organizational, and system levels.
 Methods: An environmental scan was conducted to understand the priority areas for health systems’ improvement. Stakeholders engaged in the process were physician leaders, clinical operational directors, clinical staff, Youth and Family Advisory Panel members across hospital departments. The environmental scan and follow-up focus groups (n=57) highlighted the need to prioritize implementation of standardized mental assessment tools hospital-wide for patients at each health system encounter as part of a vision to deliver holistic, integrated care and improve quality of patient care. Early identification of mental health needs of patients across the hospital and the importance of establishing standardized metrics for common mental health conditions were additional key priorities. Hospital surveys highlighted anxiety and depression as the top mental health concerns across the hospital. An extensive review was conducted to identify validated tools available and to understand implementation best practices.
 Learnings: Learnings from our review pointed to some key factors for successful implementation. These included the need for tools that are brief and easy to use, are validated and sensitive to change, are user friendly and visually appealing for the pediatric population and are integrated into the electronic health record with appropriate decision support tools to enable real time review. The need for extensive patient and provider education about the value of MBC and its implementation was also a key learning.
 
 Work in progress & next steps: Work is underway to map out clinical workflows, including ensuring a timely response to results, addressing implementation challenges such as virtual vs. in-person tool completion, and managing accessibility of sensitive data to the patient or their proxy in the electronic health record. Workflows will take an integrated, holistic care approach, whereby, a patient’s care team will action appropriate interventions based on a standardized algorithm that engages an interdisciplinary care team. Voxe, an external, patient-friendly platform to administer the two chosen assessment tools will be trialed. Discussions are underway with Information Management and Technology teams to integrate Voxe and clinical workflows in the hospital’s electronic health record. Evaluation of implementation of MBC in clinical settings will consider both process and outcome measures such as uptake, timely receipt of services, and clinical response.

O1C1-01 Usability of Touchless Interface for Elevator Operation Panel

O1C1-01 Usability of Touchless Interface for Elevator Operation Panel

Design, Application and Analysis of an OPC-based SCADA System

The main goal for our study is the design, implementation, and empirical test of the physical and software model of an OPC-based SCADA system comprising multiple industrial controllers of various commercial brands. In this study, an electro-pneumatic press prototype was prepared with four different PLCs, an open-source controller and an operator panel which have different industrial communication protocols. Each sub-task of the pressing unit was assigned to different industrial controllers, and the network infrastructure of the SCADA system was created with a star topology and taken into operation. The connectivity and interoperability for the designed networked system comprising significant number of devices with different industrial communication protocols was effectively provided. OPC-based SCADA system was tested in runtime mode and the controllers successfully talked to each other through the system. The hardware and software structural details, possibl1e malfunctions and data transmission speeds of the system were analyzed and shared.

휘도 제어가 가능한 NVIS 조명스위치의 설계와 평가

Various electronic equipments are operated in the cockpit of the aircraft, and various lamp lights and LED lights are used in each instrument panel for the stable operation of the pilot even during the night operation of the aircraft. The NVIS(Night Vision Imaging System) facilitates pilot operation by emitting a light compatible with the NVG(Night Vision Goggle) worn by the pilot. The Aviation NVIS light switches are widely used in mission equipment power panel and various panels, and most of them have been dependent on imports from advanced foreign companies. In this paper, a signal processing circuit and mechanism for an NVIS light switch capable of controlling luminance were designed and evaluated according to the MIL-STD-3009 military standard requirement.

Digital assistances in remote operations for ITER test blanket system replacement: An experimental validation

Removal/reinstallation of all Test Blanket System (TBS) equipment present in the Port Cell is required during the ITER Long Term Shutdown. TBS shall be designed so that occupational radiation exposure can be As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) over the life of the plant to follow the ITER Policy. The expected level of radiation in this area still allows performing maintenance tasks hands-on. However, the cumulated dose could be significant for operators. Classical Dose Reduction Measure (DRM) is to deploy Remote Handling systems. Consequently, use of robotized equipment, remotely operated means or collaborative robotics, have been investigated. Taking advantage of new digital technologies such as digital assistances, is expected to help operators during complex remote operations under limited vision conditions. Experiments were performed on a set of three TBS maintenance representative tasks: remote visual inspection of DN80 pipe, dye penetrant testing operation on pipe and dexterity test. A panel of remote handling equipment operators of different skill level was selected and involved onto these tasks. The results prove without ambiguity that for all operators the quality of the task execution is significantly improved when using digital assistances

A Technical Solution to Solve the Operation Difficulties of Single-Port Laparoscopic Surgical Instruments.

Mutual interference between the instruments and the lens is inevitable because lenses and instruments used in the surgical field are inserted through a small incision. This problem has seriously affected the popularization and application of single-port laparoscopic surgery. The author used a self-developed single incision sealing device, the hard material operation panel supports the lens and equipment so that one can expose the operation field from any angle. The panel helps the assistant to expose and maintain a stable visual field with one hand holding the mirror and the other holding the plier. While the assistant maintains a stable surgical field, the operator can control the instrument from any angle during the main operation. The new approach guarantees the safety of the operation, so the indications for a single-port operation will be promoted. The author presents a method that reduces the difficulty of single-port laparoscopic surgery and a more practical technical solution for the use of surgical instruments during a difficult single-port laparoscopic surgery.

Monitoring the composition of the air environment in livestock buildings using a programmable logic controller

A system for monitoring the composition of the air environment in livestock buildings has been developed. The system consists of a programmable logic controller, frequency converter, operator panel and gas sensors. A control program in LD language was developed for multi-stage control of the fan motor speed. The linear nature of the relationship between the fan speed and the air flow it creates has been experimentally confirmed.

A New System Design for Making Non-Intelligent Handheld Devices Used in Production Compatible with Industry 4.0

Nowadays, the concept of industry 4.0 frequently occur in the literature. The digitalization of manufacturing grows rapidly. The basic structure of the approach is to transform the hardware and equipment in the manufacturing into intelligent elements that communicate each other. In this study, based on the idea of ​​intelligent equipment; we propose to transform traditional power screwdrivers into smart devices that communicate with various IoT applications or cloud applications by including electronic cards and software components. Our approach aims to minimize the percentage of human error in the manufacturing process. There are four main elements in our system. These are Web/Cloud Server, NGP Operator panels, RF I/O card and power screwdriver RF card. All these elements communicate with each other. The overall working principle of the system is briefly as follows. There is a database on the Web/Cloud Server. In this database, there are job parameters related to the assembly ID(CIS) number which defined for each assembly job. Various operations to be performed according to the assembly ID(CIS) number are defined in detail in the database, for example, for power screwdrivers, the number of tightening information is defined on a rule-based basis. With the Web API developed in C# language, the web/cloud server communicates with the linux computer that executes the NGP operator panel. When an assembly job starts, if the assembly ID(CIS) number matches the stock definition, then the relevant transaction data is retrieved from the web server and displayed on the NGP operator panel. The front-end software on the NGP operator panel was developed using Microsoft.NET and compiled using Mono Framework to support Linux OS. As soon as an assembly job starts, the number of screws to be tightened determined according to the assembly ID(CIS) related rules. After that, the gun MAC (TMAC) address information is transmitted from the NGP operator panel to the RF I/O Card via RS232 serial port communication. The ZigBee protocol carries the information about how many screws will be tightened from the RF I/O Card to the Gun RF card mounted on power screwdriver. A special RF based protocol developed for that purpose. By means of our proposed protocol, "OK" or "Not OK" information is sent to the RF I/O card of the NGP operator panel every time the operator performs the tightening operation. With the bidirectional RS232 serial port communication, an information message is returned for each completed operation to the NGP operator panel via the RF I/O card. When all the operations related to the assembly ID(CIS) number are completed, the relevant data is transmitted over the Web Server API and recorded in the database, and the assembly life cycle is completed. This study demonstrates how traditional power screwdrivers may be transformed into an IoT-enabled smart manufacturing device without extensive modification. Thanks to the proposed solution, the digital transformation of traditional devices will be affordable and applicable to many different manufacturing tools.

Przyspieszenie wymiany danych w protokole Modbus między PLC a HMI wykorzystującymi pakiet inżynierski CPDev

The paper presents the possibilities of improving the time parameters of communication between the industrial PLC and the HMI operator panel. As shown, sometimes the appropriate configuration of communication tasks, reducing the number of commands sent in the Modbus protocol at the expense of the necessity to transmit additional data, may lead to the minimization of the total communication cycle time. The presented solution has been implemented in the CPDev engineering environment.

Application of a 3D Scanner in Robotic Measurement of Aviation Components

The aviation industry is associated with high precision and accuracy standards of the manufactured components, and thus the need to ensure precise quality control. Measurement processes, depending on the manufactured components, take place before, during and after the processing stage. Optical scanners can be used for these measurements, the measurement results of which can be displayed on the operator panel or used to prepare a report. The innovative approach is to measure, compare the results with a pattern, send the deviations to a neural decision-making system, select the forces and send the results to a robot controller for adaptive machining. The presented proprietary solution includes a data acquisition system, a neural decision-making system and a robot that carries out the machining process via force control. The proposed solution was verified on aviation components. During the process parameter optimization stage for the diffuser and ADT gearbox, the points describing the change in width of the chamfer being performed and the blade thickness in the control sections were approximated.

User involvement in design of a safety-critical operating panel system

The design of complex systems requires expertise of various kinds. In particular, expert users with operative experience can have much to say, even though their voices are always not been heard during design. In this paper, we provide an analysis of a real-life example, that is, the involvement of end-users in the design of a human-system interface for safety-critical operations of a nuclear power plant during a period extending over three decades. During this period, growing safety regulations and technological advances have been key motivators to design changes. At the same time, increasing expertise of operators makes them more proficient to comment those changes and engage in their implementation. In presenting empirical insights from several phases of the control room life cycle, we discuss the benefits, as well as the challenges, of user involvement in the design of complex systems and reflect on those in the light of our example case. Generally, we found that the user-designer interaction is most often built around concrete design artifacts such as mock-ups and prototypes and takes place later phases of design. Furthermore, user involvement often lacks rigor and depth that would help to comprehend the work activity and enable critical reflection of this generic understanding to foresee the overall vision for future work. A close look at historical turns of user involvement in one particular example provides insights that enable us to develop a general account of human-centered design in safety-critical domain.