Operation Of Transport System Research Articles

Real-time prediction of transit origin–destination flows during underground incidents

Efficient transportation planning and management are critical for ensuring the smooth operation of rail transit systems, particularly in urban areas with high passenger demand. Real-time prediction of transit flow during underground incidents is vital for ensuring passenger safety, minimizing disruptions, and optimizing resource allocation. This study presents a comprehensive framework to address the considerable challenges associated with short-term origin–destination (OD) flow prediction, particularly during incidents. We propose integrating convolutional long short-term memory cells with self-attention cells to learn the long-range spatiotemporal information of historical OD flows. To overcome the absence of a real-time OD matrix, we introduce an improved graph convolution operation, considering the local connection of ridership, to capture vital spatiotemporal interaction patterns. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted to evaluate the performance of the framework, providing insights into the role of each module. Experimental results suggest that incorporating incident matrix theory enhances the accuracy of capturing declining OD flows during incidents by up to approximately 25%. Furthermore, integrating external features like weather and time comprehensively assesses the impact of erratic change factors, especially during off-peak periods. Additionally, introducing more than one cycle of historical OD flow as an input may introduce noise, and increased attention is needed for OD flows with average daily flows exceeding 30 passengers. Designed with a high degree of modularity and adaptability, the proposed framework serves as a valid tool for transportation professionals and researchers to address evolving challenges in the management and operation of urban transportation systems.

Математическое моделирование дополнительной зоны шунтирования в рельсовых цепях с потенциальным приемником: алгоритм и расчеты

The paper presents an algorithm and methodology for calculating the additional shunt zone in track circuits with a potential receiver. The issues of mathematical modeing of a seamless track circuit are considered, and a method is proposed for determining the maximum shunting zone when the train moves away from the track circuit. The calculation results make it possible to conduct research and determine the optimal parameters of rail circuits with a potential receiver, which is important for taking technical easures to improve the operation of transport systems.

A Multi-objective Optimization Method for Simulating the Operation of Natural Gas Transport System

A Multi-objective Optimization Method for Simulating the Operation of Natural Gas Transport System

Transportation-Enabled Services: Concept, Framework, and Research Opportunities

As a result of rapid advancements in urban infrastructure and technology, transportation is transforming a variety of innovative and emerging services. This paper introduces the concept of transportation-enabled services (TRENS), which is a service model that uses transportation systems to enable and enhance the delivery, accessibility, and effectiveness of nontransportation services. We establish a general framework in which the transportation-enabled services involve four key stakeholders: customers, suppliers, TRENS providers, and transportation carriers. Within this general framework, we present five specific service models: a one-sided market, three variants of two-sided markets, and a three-sided market, each characterized by the interactions among suppliers, TRENS providers, and transportation carriers. Taking different models of transportation-enabled services into consideration, we highlight crucial research opportunities to enhance understanding of the planning, operations, evaluation, and regulation of transportation-enabled services. These research opportunities include demand and supply management, transportation system management and operations, coordination among stakeholders, and the evaluation and regulation of transportation-enabled services. We believe that the emergence, widespread adoption, and popularity of transportation-enabled services will significantly enhance and reshape many services and thus contribute to the overall improvement of future mobility in the broader context of smart cities. History: This paper has been accepted for the Service Science Special Issue on Innovation in Transportation-Enabled Urban Services. Funding: The work of Hai Wang was supported by the Lee Kong Chian Fellowship awarded by Singapore Management University. The work of Hao Sun was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72301179].

Vehicle Driving Behavior Analysis and Unified Modeling in Urban Road Scenarios

To improve the simulation accuracy and efficiency of microscopic urban traffic, a unified modeling method considering the behavioral characteristics of vehicle drivers is proposed by considering the lane-changing vehicles on the inlet lanes of signalized intersections and their approach following vehicles on the target lanes as research objects. Based on the driver’s multidirectional, multi-vehicle anticipation ability and introducing lateral vehicle influence coefficients, the full velocity difference car-following model was extended to microscopic traffic models that consider the driver’s capacity for multi-directional, multi-vehicle anticipation. The extended model can describe longitudinal movements of lane changing and car followers using lateral vehicle influential parameters. The influences of traffic control signals and the type of lane change on drivers’ decisions were integrated into the model by reformulating the optimal velocity function of the basic car following the model. Similar modeling methods and components were applied to formulate four groups of experimental models and one group of test models. Vehicle trajectory data and manual observations were collected on urban arteries to calibrate and evaluate the research models, experimental models, and test models. The results show that the car-following behavior is more sensitive to the variation in the status of the lateral moving vehicle and change of lane-changing type compared to lane-changing behavior during the lane-changing process. In addition, when lane changing gradually encroaches on the target lane, the vehicle observes the driving conditions and adjusts its driving behaviors differently. This research helps to analyze travel characteristics and influence mechanisms of vehicles on urban roads, which is a guide for the future development of sustainable transportation and self-driving vehicles and promoting the efficient operation of urban transportation systems.

Study on motion behaviour of coal water slurry particles under vibration conditions

This study uses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate the motion behavior of coal-water slurry (CWS) particles under vibration conditions. Results show that without vibration, the coal particles settle to the bottom of the container due to gravity, forming distinct regions of low, transition, and high concentration. Under low vibration intensity, the slight energy activates particle motion and promotes settlement. Under high vibration intensity, violent reciprocating motion causes severe shaking and uncertainty, resulting in non-uniform particle distribution and back mixing. Particle velocity distribution is significantly influenced by vibration, with higher frequencies and amplitudes resulting in greater velocities. Additionally, particle pseudo-temperature is higher in the near-wall area due to collisions with particles and wall surfaces. Low frequency and amplitude promote particle settlement, increasing compactness in the bottom area and reducing concentration in the top area. The findings provide valuable insights into CWS behavior under vibration conditions, which can be used to optimize the design and operation of CWS handling and transportation systems.

Bi-level Continuous-Time Model for the Coordinated Operation of Coupled Electric Power Transmission and Energy Storage Transportation Systems

Bi-level Continuous-Time Model for the Coordinated Operation of Coupled Electric Power Transmission and Energy Storage Transportation Systems

Imbalanced data augmentation for pipeline fault diagnosis: A multi-generator switching adversarial network

Pipeline fault diagnosis is of practical necessity for the stable operation of large-scale oil and gas transportation systems. Despite the remarkable achievements of existing intelligent fault diagnosis methods, these studies have encountered noticeable performance degradation when directly applied in real industrial scenarios due to the absence of sufficient and balanced datasets. To this end, this paper proposes a novel multi-generator switching adversarial network (MGSAN) to augment the pipeline data under different health states, especially faulty ones. First, a multi-mode generator is designed to produce various candidate solutions, where a parameter-sharing scheme is employed to ensure consistency among modes at the parameter level. After that, a mode switching strategy is presented to maintain a proper tradeoff between the generator and the discriminator, which is capable of changing the state of the generator from one mode to another according to the performance (i.e., quality and diversity) of the candidate solutions. Finally, extensive experimental results on visualization and quantitative evaluation show that the MGSAN algorithm has more stable behavior and stronger exploration capabilities than well-known GAN variants. Additionally, the proposed MGSAN algorithm is successfully exploited to improve the accuracy of pipeline fault diagnosis.

Joint operation of mobile battery, power system, and transportation system for improving the renewable energy penetration rate

Future energy system will feature in a high-share of renewable energies (REs), which poses huge challenges to obtain full utilization of renewable power generation. To solve the problem, this paper presents a joint-operation two-stage mixed integer linear programming model to coordinate the power system and train transportation system by optimizing the logistics of mobile batteries and real-time charge/discharge in cities. The full/empty batteries are transported through the train transportation system between the load side and the renewable energy station, which improves renewable energy penetration, economics, and mobilities. The first-stage model deals with the preliminary logistic optimization of batteries including routes, time and capacities of transportation, and the second-stage model optimizes real-time schedule of charge/discharge of batteries. The aim of the proposed model is to minimize the transportation cost, maximize the utilization rate of renewable energy in an energy system and smooth the daily load curve. The proposed model considers technical constraints such as railway transportation capacity, load demand satisfaction and renewable energy consumption in the power system. The optimal logistics plan and real-time charging and discharging plan can be obtained for both full and empty battery transportation. The validity of the method is verified with real data from Northeast China and Northern China, including railway routes, renewable energy output, and load profiles. The results show that the renewable energy penetration rate increases from 84.4% to 95.3% in Northeast China and from 42.7% to 78.2% in Northern China under the 2050 scenario with the proposed method. The peak-to-valley difference in the daily load curve decreases by 84% and 100% in Northeast China and Northern China, respectively. Meanwhile, the case study shows that the costs of battery transportation decrease from 0.398 CNY/kWh and 0.377 CNY/kWh to 0.252 CNY/kWh and 0.254 CNY/kWh when energy density of battery increases from 0.170 kWh/kg to 0.250 kWh/kg. This indicates that mobile energy storage has great economics. Moreover, renewable energy penetration rate is increased and peak-to-valley difference of daily load curve is decreased with no additional transmission lines.

Robust Cooperative Transport System with Model Error Compensator Using Multiple Robots with Suction Cups

In cooperative transport systems, multiple robots work together to transport objects that are difficult to transport with a single robot. In recent years, multi-robot systems that cooperate to transport objects have been researched. However, during the transfer of objects, misalignment occurs between the ideal and actual grasp positions. In an automatic transport system, a grasping error can cause an error in the trajectory of the object, significantly reducing the transport efficiency. In this paper, a control system that allows robust cooperative transport control using a model error compensator is proposed for a leader–follower system in which the transported object is the virtual leader and the followers are ideally arranged. This system adds robustness to the operation of a conventional cooperative transport system by using the ideal formation of robots. The effectiveness of the proposed method was evaluated through cooperative transport experiments using two ideal formations for passing through a narrow entrance. The cooperative transport system could not pass through the narrow entrance using the conventional method; however, the system using the compensator passed through the narrow entrance smoothly.

Digital technologies of transportation-related communication: Review and the state-of-the-art

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) play a significant role in transportation systems as they provide the connection between transportation system users, system planners, operators, and managers. Over the last few years, with advancements in ICTs, there has been a rapid change in travel behaviour. However, little is known about how ICTs and other emerging digital technologies are being utilised in transportation-related communication for public, private, and active transportation. To bridge this gap, this study aims to explore academic and grey literature focused on the use of digital technologies in transportation-related communication. The methodological approach employs a systematic literature review, with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) protocol, to identify digital technologies that are found promising among scholars and practitioners for research, testing and deployment. The study analysed 158 publications and identified some common themes of how these digital technologies can be implemented to improve access to transportation communication. The study finds that: (a) The main literature focus is how information is gathered and shared with transportation users; (b) Advances in mobile applications afford real-time route updates, easy navigation of complex routes, and personalised journey planning; (c) Some notable knowledge gaps exist in how these technologies are implemented—including, willingness to use and digital literacy to understand them; (d) Many digital technologies are at the trial or development phases, which have potential to improve how transportation information can be made readily accessible to all users.

STUDY OF EXPORT FREIGHT FLOWS OF GRAIN FROM UKRAINE

Purpose. After the beginning of the full-scale military aggression of the Russian Federation against our country, most of the logistics chains, including those related to ensuring the export of grain, were disrupted. The current system of transportation is focused on the transportation of grain to the western borders with further transshipment to wagons of the European track, which is a difficult and expensive option. In order to ensure the restoration of full-fledged grain export, it is advisable to conduct research on the origins and volume of grain movement, transportation routes and alternative options. Accordingly, the purpose of the study is to determine the main points of origin and repayment of cargo flows of grain export connections in Ukraine and to determine the direction of improvement of transport and technological lines of grain export from Ukraine in global supply chains. The volumes of car-go flow generation at the railway stations of Ukraine were analyzed. The scientific methods and methods of im-proving the transport and technological lines of grain export are substantiated. Methods. An analysis of literary sources was carried out, which made it possible to establish that the port direction is the main one for grain transportation. The peculiarity of the formation of export grain cargo flows is analyzed. Methods of mathematical statistics, probability theory, theory of sets, theory of algorithms, theory of transport processes and systems, theory of systems are used. It has been established that the distribution of the volumes of seed cargo flows by railway stations of departure in the 2021 / 2022 marketing year is mostly subject to asymmetric distribution laws. The smallest deviation is observed with Cauchy and Gamma distribution approximations. A statistical analysis of wagon flows with grain loads was performed, which allowed us to obtain the following results: the mathematical expectation is 55.8 wagons, the standard deviation is 58.0 wagons, the coefficient of variation is 1.04. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty obtained as a result of the research to which the article is devoted is the obtained approximate density of the distribution of the volumes of grain cargo flows at the railway stations of departure (on the example of the 2021 / 2022 marketing year). Practical significance. The mathematical expectation and level of correlation of the origin of grain cargo flows at the railway stations of departure are established (on the example of the 2021 / 2022 marketing year). In further studies, the obtained results will be used as initial data for modeling the operation of the grain cargo transportation system in the direction of the western borders, and in the future - in the direction of the Black Sea ports of Ukraine.

DEVELOPMENT OF MODE CHOICE BEHAVIOR MODEL FOR INTER-REGIONAL PUBLIC TRANSPORT– A CASE STUDY OF INDIA

Mode choice behavior of the inter-regional public transport passengers is important for proficient planning and operation of transport systems in developing countries. It is the responsibility of the authority to satisfy the demand for long regional trips having a significant movement of passengers by providing efficient public transport services. Most of the studies for the mode choice behavior of the passengers have been done for the urban mass transport within the urban conglomerate. The study aims to improve knowledge of the factor affecting passengers' decisions on the mode of travel for inter-regional public transportation in India. The Multinomial Logit (MNL) model and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models among Gujarat State Road Transport Corporation (GSRTC) buses, Railways, and privately operated buses were developed for the trips between Surat city and Bhavnagar region of Gujarat, India. The final ANN model reflects a difference of attributes has 90.52% mode prediction capability against 70.11% of the MNL model. The developed model gives the proper insight for improving the transportation facilities in the region. It is revealed that the improvement in the service level and egress parameters are more important to attract travelers. The sleeper seat availability, lesser travel cost, lesser egress distance, and availability of night journey have been found important during travelers' thinking process to select the traveling mode. There are 13.1% and 20.1% rises in the probability of choosing GSRTC bus and train mode, respectively, with the improvement in the service level. Moreover, the GSRTC bus should improve its connectivity.

A Missing Traffic Data Imputation Method Based on a Diffusion Convolutional Neural Network–Generative Adversarial Network

Traffic state data are key to the proper operation of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). However, traffic detectors often receive environmental factors that cause missing values in the collected traffic state data. Therefore, aiming at the above problem, a method for imputing missing traffic state data based on a Diffusion Convolutional Neural Network–Generative Adversarial Network (DCNN-GAN) is proposed in this paper. The proposed method uses a graph embedding algorithm to construct a road network structure based on spatial correlation instead of the original road network structure; through the use of a GAN for confrontation training, it is possible to generate missing traffic state data based on the known data of the road network. In the generator, the spatiotemporal features of the reconstructed road network are extracted by the DCNN to realize the imputation. Two real traffic datasets were used to verify the effectiveness of this method, with the results of the proposed model proving better than those of the other models used for comparison.

Research on the Influencing Factors of Chinese Gasoline Price Fluctuation During the COVID-19 Epidemic

Gasoline is an important energy source in China, and the stability of its price lays the foundation for the countrys transportation and industrial development. Therefore, fluctuations in gasoline prices are directly related to the normal operation of the countrys transportation system and industrial production. Since 2020, during the COVID-19 outbreak, Chinas gasoline prices have experienced huge abnormal fluctuations, which have affected the national economy. The purpose of this article is to study what factors have affected gasoline price fluctuations in China during the COVID-19 pandemic and how to solve the problem of excessive fluctuations. This article analyzes the fluctuation characteristics of gasoline prices in China from 2019 to 2023 and lists four factors that affected gasoline price fluctuations through qualitative research. For unexpected fluctuations like this, this article proposes two feasible suggestions, including formulating a stronger environmental protection policy and strengthening international cooperation based on oil exports to stabilize the price of gasoline.

Safety requirements for Hyperloop transportation systems: Applying NASA human spaceflight safety practices

Hyperloop transportation systems represent an emerging technological frontier with the potential to revolutionize both passenger and freight transportation through high-speed rail transit. However, as is common with nascent technologies, there is no consensus on the best approach to design and operate these systems safely or on the appropriate level of safety integration. Consequently, industry stakeholders find themselves lacking clear regulatory guidance for this rapidly advancing field. Drawing from the wealth of safety expertise developed by NASA over the past several decades in the realm of space exploration, it becomes evident that this robust safety methodology can effectively address safety concerns within the Hyperloop concept. Moreover, it can lay the foundation for a potential certification process that regulatory agencies can adopt. Within this investigation, the safety case approach is applied to scrutinize the Hyperloop system, comparing it to the first published industry standard for Hyperloop systems. By employing this approach, space exploration experience from program development and successful operation as well as from lessons learned from anomaly investigations is leveraged to identify numerous hazards that are not properly addressed from the published standard. This underscores the need for a more comprehensive safety framework to ensure the secure development and operation of Hyperloop transportation systems.

Special Issue: Intelligent Systems for Railway Infrastructure

Railway infrastructure plays a crucial role in the efficient operation of transportation systems across the globe [...]

ANALYSIS OF FARES AND SUBSIDY NEEDS FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION USING THE VEHICLE OPERATING COST APPROACH (CASE STUDY: CORRIDOR 2 TRANS CIREBON)

Public transportation subsidies or what is called the Public Service Obligation (PSO) is an important indicator in the public transport system to ensure the sustainability of the operation of the public transportation system. Subsidies are government interventions in controlling transportation fares so that people can use public transportation at affordable fares. This study aims to provide an overview of the determination of fares and the amount of subsidy needed in corridor 2 of Trans Cirebon. Fare analysis is determined using the vehicle operating cost and Willingness To Pay (WTP) approaches which will then form the basis for providing an overview of the subsidy that should be provided by the Government in an ideal Trans Cirebon operation. This research shows that: 1) the fare currently applied are still in accordance with the WTP value the people of Cirebon City; 2) for an ideal Trans Cirebon operation, a vehicle operating cost of Rp. 6,135,159,933.29/year is required; 3) the amount of subsidy required ranges from Rp. 5,705,919,933.29/year to Rp. 6,108,879,933.29/year depending on the achievement value of the load factor and the fare applied.

Errors of professional activity of transport system operators in conditions of high information load

Introduction. Ensuring traffic safety on the railway network involves the development of complex predictive models that take into account both the state of technology and the influence of the "human factor" in order to minimize the risk of erroneous actions and prevent accidents.
 The study aims to research the mistakes of railway transport operators (using the example of locomotive crew workers).
 Materials and methods. The authors have conducted the study on the basis of analysis of the database of erroneous actions of employees of locomotive crews (2020–2021), submitted by the Research Institute of Railway Transport (according to the agreement on joint scientific cooperation between the Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health and Research Institute of Railway Transport).
 Results. The database recorded 104,515 cases attributed to 291 types of erroneous actions with qualitative differences that reflected the degree of risk to the safety of train traffic. The most common categories of violations related to the maintenance of train documentation, errors in locomotive control, non-compliance with the speed limit, disconnection of locomotive safety devices, speeding, brake control violations, violations of the rules of negotiations, the passage of a forbidding signal. In relation to employees who committed violations, the most common disciplinary penalties were identified (analysis of the case in technical classes, deprivation of an employee of a bonus in the amount of 25, 50 and 100%). In a number of cases, several different disciplinary penalties were applied to one employee at the depot for the same violation.
 Limitations. Inability to get access to the protocols of psychophysiological examination of employees of locomotive crews.
 Conclusion. The obtained scientific results allow us to assert that the productivity and safety of the operator's activity correlates with the level of professional training and the mechanisms of its inclusion in the activity. The prospects for further research of the problem of ensuring the safety of locomotive crews' employees consist in a detailed study of the combined effect of factors of the working environment and the labor process in conditions of increasing labor intensity, increasing speeds and volumes of railway transportation. It is necessary to study the ratio and role of such indicators as reliability, professional suitability and readiness of the employee to perform functional duties in the event of an emergency.
 Ethics. The study was carried out on the basis of documents submitted by JSC "Russian Railways". The documents contained the number and typology of mistakes made by employees of locomotive crews in the period 2020-2021. The scientists have conducted the study in accordance with the Ethical principles of anonymity, confidentiality, respect for the rights of the subject of the study, the principles of scientific and impartiality.

Rationale of basic parameters of reconfigurable chassis with transport system «three-star»

The features of the device and principles of operation of the planetary-wheel transport system are considered. Ex-amples of mobile chassis designs with planetary-wheel transport system are given. In order to form recommenda-tions on the choice of traction engine power, the features of the operation of a planetary-wheel transport system in various configurations during rectilinear movement on a horizontal surface and overcoming an ascent, in walking mode on a horizontal platform and on a ladder, during a side rotation are analyzed. The method of selecting the power of the traction motor of the wheel block is proposed and the directions of improving the layout scheme of the chassis are indicated.