Operation Of Mining Equipment Research Articles

Justification of the Use of Container Technology in Dumping

The increase in the depth of the quarry is associated with an increase in the work of quarry transport in limited areas, requires a constant increase in the number of transport units, which increases the environmental burden on the environment. The rock mass extracted from the quarry is stored in external dumps, which occupy large areas and significantly worsen the ecology of the region. The operation of mining equipment on dumps with existing technologies causes a number of problems, the main of which is the movement of equipment near the prism of a possible rock collapse. It is proposed to use container technology for transporting the laying rocks in the dump, where the main element of the technology is a mobile lifting machine, which eliminates the need to build roads or railways on board and on the surface of the dump. Self-unloading of container equipment allows you to pour the rock mass directly to the place of laying on the dump. Containers with rock are installed in front of the front of the dump, and the lifting machine is placed on a special platform of the dump. The rock mass is delivered from the faces by dump trucks of any load capacity and unloaded into the hopper of a plate feeder, which fills the containers as they are fed by a quarry lifting machine. the rock is laid in horizontal layers within the step of moving the lifting machine. The weighted average height of the rock rise is equal to half the height of the dump tier. With the new technology, the entire amount of work will be performed by one lifting machine. Increasing the height of the dump to 80 meters with a new method of dumping, reduce the area occupied by dumps by 175 thousand m2 per year. The use of container technology in the formation of the dump allows, when unloading rock from containers into the dump, to reduce energy consumption during the formation of the dump, and increase the economically advantageous height of the dump. This reduces the area occupied by dumps and reduces the harmful effects of mining on the environment. The article discusses the technology of dumping during the formation of dumps using bulldozers in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan. Traditional technology involves the involvement of a complex of equipment consisting of 8 dump trucks and 1 bulldozer. According to the new technology, the same amount of work can be done thanks to 1 lifting machine. Based on the calculations carried out, it was found that the intensity of dust emissions from internal sources decreases by 1,576 tons per year. A decrease in dust emissions is also observed with an increase in the height of the dump due to a decrease in area, while the difference was 75.57 tons per year. The total decrease from container technology is 1,651.57 tons per year.

Assessment of the technical state of mining machinery and devices with the use of diagnostic methods

Abstract In this article, one of the possible, effective methods of assessing the technical state of mining machinery and devices has been presented. The article's main goal is to show the possible methods and ways of measuring temperature, oscillations, and vibrations generated during the operation of mining equipment and machines’ gears, which are possible in underground conditions. Devices measuring temperatures without coming into contact with the given object are built based on different types of infrared radiation detectors or matrixes of such detectors. Thermal imaging devices picture the temperature distribution on the entire surface instead of pyrometers, which measure temperatures at a given point. However, vibrations and oscillations generated by the work of gears of devices and machinery have been made using a vibrometer pen and a machine condition tester, after which the obtained measurements were used to diagnose the degradation of individual elements of those machines. Such an assessment of the degradation of individual elements of machines in production conditions has been applied with positive results in one of the mines of the Polish Mining Group (Polska Grupa Górnicza – PGG).

A Novel State-of-Health Prediction and Assessment Strategies for High-Capacity Mining Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Multi-Indicator

Accurately assessing battery state of health (SOH) is crucial for ensuring the safety of lithium-ion batteries. However, current SOH evaluation methods suffer from inconsistent criteria and limited accuracy in prediction models. This paper introduces a novel SOH prediction and assessment strategy that relies on multiple indicators to address these challenges. First, multifaceted health factors are extracted based on charge cycle data, including battery charging time, incremental capacity, and d V /d t curve. Subsequently, a support vector regression model optimized by the sparrow search algorithm is proposed to predict SOH. The results show that MAE, RMSE, and MAPE are less than 0.037%, 0.047%, and 0.04%, respectively. Meanwhile, the Kalman filtering method is used to identify the second-order RC model online, and the relative SOH curves are obtained by defining the SOH through the internal resistance. Finally, by analyzing the effects of capacity and internal resistance changes on SOH, a new strategy for SOH assessment is proposed, which considers various factors and selects an appropriate judgment mechanism according to the characteristics exhibited by the battery at different life stages. The strategy is more conservative and reliable, providing a solid guarantee for the safe operation of mining equipment.

Способ проветривания добычных участков калийных рудников Верхнекамья, обеспечивающий безопасность при возникновении аварийной ситуации

The potash mines of the Verkhnekamsk potassium-magnesium salt deposit have low aerodynamic resistance, and therefore many factors influence the air distribution between the mine workings of the mining sites. Some of such significant factors are: the magnitude and direction of the natural draft that occurs between the mine workings due to the difference in air densities in them. The density of air also changes when the temperature changes and when it is mixed with other gases of a different density. When the air is heated, which can be caused by the operation of mining equipment, as well as when an air-gas mixture enters the air (methane is the most common gas in the potash mines of the Verkhnekamsk potassium-magnesium salt deposit), it becomes lighter. In this regard, in the inclined workings, it tends to rise up. In the existing ventilation methods, such a phenomenon has a positive effect in blocks and panels located along the rise of the formation, and a negative effect, when natural drafts prevent ventilation in the production areas located along the dip of the formation. In this regard, it was proposed to change the method of ventilation of mining areas located along the dip of the formation. In the event of a fire in a conveyor mine working, which is the most common fire hazard emergency, due to air heating, natural draughts will begin to play a dominant role in the distribution of air and the spread of flue gases. The article presents the proposed method of ventilation of the mining area of the Verkhnekamsk potassium-magnesium salt deposit of the potash mine, which will allow to efficiently carry out ventilation in the normal mode and prevent the ingress of flue gases into the working area in the event of a fire in the conveyor mine working. This effect is achieved through the positive use of emerging natural drafts and insulating devices (quickly assembled ventilation stoppings). The calculation presented in the article, performed in the «Aeroset» software package, confirmed the assumptions about the efficiency of the proposed solutions.

Determining the Safe Distance for Mining Equipment Operation When Forming an Internal Dump in a Deep Open Pit

In the surface mining of mineral deposits, land resources suitable for agricultural purposes are inappropriately spent in large volumes. When mining deep open pits, overburden rocks are mainly transported to the surface. The optimal solution for reducing the area of disturbed lands is the placement of overburden rocks in internal dumps in the open pit. This is especially suitable when mining a mineral deposit with several open pits where at least one of them is depleted. Therefore, it is important to assess the feasibility of building an internal dump, based on the stability parameters of its slopes and the safe distance for placing mining equipment within its boundaries, which was the focus of this research. Numerical modeling with Slide 5.0 software was used to determine the stability of the dump slope inside the open pit and the safe distance from the upper slope edge for placing mining equipment. This reflected the geomechanical situation occurring within the boundaries of the dump formed in the open-pit field with a high degree of reliability. It was determined that the maximum standard safety factor values of the open-pit slopes are within the limits when the overburden rocks border on the hard bedrock (Ks.s.f ≥ 1.2). Under the condition where the dump slope bordered on sedimentations represented by clays, loams, and sands with a strength of 2–3 on the Mohs scale, the safety factor decreased by 22%. It was determined that the minimum safe distance from the outer contour of the dragline base to the upper edge of a single-tier dump was 15.5 m with a safety factor of 1.21. The maximum safe distance values in the range of 73.5–93 m were concentrated within the boundaries of sections 5–9, with a safety factor from 1.18 to 1.28. When the dragline was located within the boundaries of section 7, the dump construction works should be conducted only if the dump exist for up to 3 years. Based on the identified parameters, on the example of using the ESH-11/70 walking dragline, a technological scheme of its operation was developed with the allocation of safe boundaries for its placement when forming an internal dump. The results obtained are useful for the development of projects for the reclamation of depleted open pits.

Mathematical model of the closed-loop system of excavator bucket positioning

Purpose. Study on energy consumption of mechatronic systems of mining excavators during the full production cycle, development of energy efficiency criterium for the production cycle of mining excavators, which ensures an increase in the technical and economic indicators of the operation of powerful mining equipment. Methodology. Mathematical modeling of electro-mechanical system of “front shovel” excavator, determination indicators of the production cycle, development of the criterion of energy efficiency of the mining excavator’s operating cycle taking into account the theory of technical systems efficiency. Findings. A mathematical model of a complete electro-mechanical system of an excavator with “generator-engine” electric drive has been developed, which includes a model of the mechanical part of the excavator. The closed-loop bucket positioning system makes it possible to implement various movement trajectories during the operating cycle. Numerical characteristics of energy consumption and duration for various movement trajectories of the working bodies of the excavator are obtained. A new criterion of energy efficiency of mechatronic systems of mining excavators is proposed. Originality. For the first time, a mathematical model has been proposed of an integral electro-mechanical system of an excavator according to the “front shovel” scheme, which includes models of electric drives of all mechanisms and a synchronous drive motor, as well as a model of the mechanical part of the excavator; this makes it possible to increase the accuracy of determining the excavator’s energy consumption and the operating cycle time. A criterion of energy efficiency is proposed, which takes into account the amount of resource costs, the overall result and the duration of the excavator’s operating cycle. Practical value. A mathematical model of the electromechanical system of an excavator with an electric drive according to the “generator-motor” system has been developed, which, taking into account the solution of the direct and inverse problems of the kinematics of the mechanical system of the excavator, makes it possible to compare parameters of various trajectories of movement of the excavator. The implementation of a closed system for positioning the excavator bucket in three-dimensional space was proposed, which creates conditions for increasing the level of automation of mining excavators. A criterion of the energy efficiency of the excavator’s technological cycle is proposed, which takes into account resource costs and the technological cycle duration.

Methods of mining machine components reconditioning and hardening by means of concentrated energy fluxes

Introduction. The value of resources is becoming increasingly important to mining proprietors, since the maintenance of mining equipment is quite expensive. Increased scope and cost of repairs are largely determined by the quality of mining machines and equipment operation in production environment, as well as by their reliability and maintainability. The costs of preventive maintenance are over the limit by 40–50%, in most instances, due to equipment shutdowns caused by subsystem failures. Components with hidden defects as well as the methods of components reconditioning that do not ensure long-term operation cause a significant overrun of costs for breakdown maintenance. The quality of mining equipment maintenance is in direct relationship with the effective methods of components reconditioning, including the methods of components hardening both during their manufacture at machinebuilding plants and during their repairs at repair works that carry out complex, mainly major repairs of mining equipment. Adherence to the flow process of reconditioning/hardening of the component surface in contact with another component is of great importance. Therefore, to preserve fixed assets, in particular, mining and transport equipment, it is essential to find that reconditioning methods which allow to preserve consumer properties and operability of equipment for a sufficiently long time. Subject matter. The article provides an overview of methods of mining machine components reconditioning/hardening involving concentrated energy fluxes. In the authors’ opinion, these are the most effective methods to increase the resource and reliability of mining machine components by 2–3 times. The choice of components reconditioning/hardening method depends entirely on the service centre capacities, necessary technological equipment availability, personnel qualifications and, most importantly, economic feasibility of using a particular method of reconditioning/hardening. Research objective is to consider the most effective methods of mining machine components reconditioning/hardening. Methods of research include the interpretation of a number of experiments conducted at mining enterprises to obtain comparative characteristics of the most effective methods of mining machine components reconditioning/hardening. Research results. The most effective methods of components reconditioning/hardening are identified and recommended practices are provided. Conclusions. It has been established that the application of a particular components reconditioning/hardening method should be based on the data from tribological maps, as well as necessary equipment availability and economic feasibility.

Анализ применения безвзрывных технологий в условиях криолитозоны

Operation of mining equipment has been analyzed at coal, diamond mining and other min-ing enterprises in conditions of cryolithic zones. Hydraulic breakers, dynamic buckets on ex-cavators, rippers on bulldozers, bar cutters, continuous mining machines, and in some cases, rotary mechanical shovel are used in blast-free mining. It is noted that the hydraulic shovels are characterized with high excavation forces, can be used in selective mining, can clean the foot wall without using a bulldozer, and can reduce or sometimes completely eliminate drill-ing and blasting operations. Boundary values of the face slope angle depending on the ambi-ent temperatures were established during the tests of RS-5500 at the Neryungrinsky open pit mine. Its value is equal to 46º in positive temperature; while during the interseasonal pe-riods the value stands at 60º, and in conditions of extremely low temperatures this value reaches 72º. Experience of using the LIEBHERR hydraulic shovels in building stone quarries shows that the uniaxial compressive strength of the rocks developed without blast pre-conditioning can reach 20-150 MPa. The Caterpillar company proposed a technology for ripping and excavating rocks (up to hard rocks) with quickly replaceable attachment tools. Based on analyzing physical and mechanical properties of the overburden rocks and coal at the deposit with account of cutting forces of the working tool, Mining Institute of the North of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences justified the possibility of using and es-tablished estimated performance parameters of the KCM-2000P Continuous Miner for the rocks and coals of the Elga deposit. Taking into account mining and geological conditions and rock properties of the Elga deposit, specialists of Wirtgen International GmbH calculated the technical and economic parameters of coal and overburden excavation using the Wirtgen 4200SM Surface Miners with loading into the 130-ton dump trucks.

Increasing life of pit dump truck motor-wheel gearboxes by introducing the monitoring of the actual technical condition

At present, Kuzbass coal strip mines pay great attention to improving quality performance of mining equipment operation, including reliability and durability of components and units. One of the ways of the performance improvement is decreasing number of unforeseen failures. To achieve this purpose a mine dump truck part diagnostics should be introduced into a maintenance service procedure. At the same time the process of diagnostics should not increase the machinery downtime, but effectively reveal a condition of motor-wheel gearboxes in the course of dump truck operation. The aim of the research is to increase the reliability and service life of motor-wheel gearboxes of large BelAZ dump trucks. Failure of a motor-wheel gearbox is a rare phenomenon, but the cost of a new gearbox can vary from 3.5 to 10 million rubles. That is why it is important to implement such methods of diagnostics, which allow revealing the condition of gearboxes in the shortest possible time and without disassembling corresponding units. Determination of the actual technical condition of motor-wheel gearboxes is possible by different methods: vibroacoustic; acoustic; thermal; physical and chemical analysis of spent operating materials. The studies showed that none of these methods can be used as a universal one. When justifying and selecting the most suitable method, different factors should be considered, including technological, or a combination of methods should be applied, which will reduce risks, but at the same time increase costs. It is necessary to develop a better diagnostic method based on the use of several methods simultaneously.

Мониторинг текущих траекторий перемещения автономных тяжёлых платформ по карьерным маршрутам горнорудных предприятий

In order to obtain information about the generated current trajectories (CT) of unmanned mining dump trucks, in the software and hardware complexes of the computer-aided dispatching system (in the external control subsystem and the autonomous control subsystem) installed on-board of an (AHP), one-dimensional (scalar) continuous signals (hereinafter converted into discrete digital ones) with a time-dependent instantaneous frequency, the so-called chirp signals, are put in accordance with the current trajectories of the AHP. This approach makes it possible to continuously monitor and manage the dynamics of current AHP trajectories with a high degree of efficiency. Note that for the purpose of information-rich and semantically transparent representation of information about the current state of the AHP CT, the chirp signals of the CT are converted into multidimensional Cohen’s class time-frequency wavelet distributions. The Wigner-Ville distribution (hereinafter referred to as the Wigner distribution) is selected as a working tool for performing computational procedures in the hardware / software module. This distribution is based on the Gabor basis wavelet functions and the wavelet matching pursuit algorithm. The choice of Gabor wavelets as the main ones is explained by their sinusoidal-like shape, since they are sinusoidal signals modulated by the Gauss window. On the other hand, the analyzed 1D-signals indicating the current position of the AHP on the route are also sinusoidal-like. This makes it possible to approximate current signals with high accuracy based on their comparison with the wavelet functions selected from the redundant wavelet dictionary. This approximation is adaptive, since it is performed on separate local fragments of the signal analyzed depending on approximating wavelets. This is the essence of the wavelet matching pursuit algorithm. The resulting wavelet series is then transformed into the Wigner time-frequency distribution, which is used to form a corresponding CT. As an example, reconstructions of time-frequency distributions (TFD) are given, corresponding to the deviation of a certain CT to the left (the trajectory signal decreases exponentially) and to the right (the CT-signal increases) from the nominal axial trajectory (NAT). The calculated scalar signal and its TFD for the AHP CT deviating to the left from NAT are also presented. In addition, on the basis of theoretical explanations the calculated linear-increasing TFD is demonstrated, corresponding to the CT-deviation to the right from NAT, and the time invariant stationary TFD characterizing the movement of AHP along the NAT line. In conclusion, based on the results obtained, it is concluded that the most appropriate ways to monitor the current trajectories of AHP movement and procedures for processing the corresponding signals are the operations implemented in computer-aided subsystems of external and autonomous control and based on such concepts as the Cohen’s class wavelet distributions, Gabor redundant dictionary of wavelet functions, the wavelet matching pursuit algorithm, and the representation of technological chirp-signals, as well as frequency-stationary signals about the current AHP trajectories represented in the wavelet medium. In this connection, the authors concluded that the procedures realizing the current monitoring of AHP movement on open pit mine routes and implementing the process of analyzing a relevant dynamic change in current trajectories, described in the article and embedded in software and hardware autonomous and external control subsystems of “Smart quarry” are adequate for performing required functions. The introduction of the principles of computer-aided controlling the unmanned mining vehicles allows you to optimize labor costs for the operation of mining equipment, reduce the cost of current work, and attract highly qualified specialists for the development and operation of innovative transport equipment.

Method for Determining the Utilization Rate of Thin-Deck Shearers Based on Recorded Electromotor Loads

Mining machinery and equipment used in modern mining are equipped with sensors and measurement systems at the stage of their production. Measuring devices are most often components of a control system or a machine performance monitoring system. In the case of headers, the primary task of these systems is to ensure safe operation and to monitor its correctness. It is customary to collect information in very large databases and analyze it when a failure occurs. Data mining methods allow for analysis to be made during the operation of machinery and mining equipment, thanks to which it is possible to determine not only their technical condition but also the causes of any changes that have occurred. The purpose of this work is to present a method for discovering missing information based on other available parameters, which facilitates the subsequent analysis of machine performance. The primary data used in this paper are the currents flowing through the windings of four header motors. In the method, the original reconstruction of the data layout was performed using the R language function, and then the analysis of the operating states of the header was performed based on these data. Based on the rules used and determined in the analysis, the percentage structure of machine operation states was obtained, which allows for additional reporting and verification of parts of the process.

Multifunctional Safety System as a Framework for the Digital Transformation of the Coal Mining Industry

Accidents related with operation of mining equipment is a serious problem in the extractive industries. The accidents can result in damage and downtime of machinery, or even can lead to injuries and fatalities. These problems seem to become more acute in the modern conditions of Industry 4.0 implementation. This paper focuses on applicability of a multifunctional safety system in opencast coal mining, with regard to features of this method and using digital technologies. The authors emphasize essentiality of a business-model of opencast coal mining to reach the wanted results.The first section in your paper.

МОНИТОРИНГ ДИНАМИЧЕСКОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ АВТОНОМНЫХ ТЯЖЕЛЫХ ПЛАТФОРМ НА КАРЬЕРНЫХ МАРШРУТАХ ГОРНОРУДНЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ

Purpose of work. The article presents the results of theoretical research and developments obtained at the Kuzbass state technical university on the implementation of current monitoring and bringing about signal processing procedures for the dynamic state of autonomous heavy platforms (AHP) on open pit mine routes. In order to obtain information about the generated current trajectories (CT) of unmanned mining dump trucks, in the software and hardware complexes of the computer-aided dispatching system (in the external control subsystem – ECSS and the autonomous control subsystem – ACSS) installed on-board of an AHP, one-dimensional (scalar) continuous signals (hereinafter converted into discrete digital ones) with a time-dependent instantaneous frequency, the so-called chirp signals, are put in accordance with the current trajectories of the AHP. Research methods. This approach makes it possible to continuously monitor and manage the dynamics of current ATP trajectories with a high degree of efficiency. Note that for the purpose of information-rich and semantically transparent representation of information about the current state of the AHP CT, the chirp signals of the CT are converted into multidimensional Cohen’s class time-frequency wavelet distributions. The Wigner-Ville distribution (hereinafter referred to as the Wigner distribution) is selected as a working tool for performing computational procedures in the hardware / software module. This distribution is based on the Gabor basis wavelet functions and the wavelet matching pursuit algorithm. The choice of Gabor wavelets as the main ones is explained by their sinusoidal-like shape, since they are sinusoidal signals modulated by the Gauss window. On the other hand, the analyzed 1D-signals indicating the current position of the AHP on the route are also sinusoidal-like. This makes it possible to approximate current signals with high accuracy based on their comparison with the wavelet functions selected from the redundant wavelet dictionary. This approximation is adaptive, since it is performed on separate local fragments of the signal analyzed depending on approximating wavelets. This is the essence of the wavelet matching pursuit algorithm. The resulting wavelet series is then transformed into the Wigner time-frequency distribution, which is used to form a corresponding CT. Research results. As an example, reconstructions of time-frequency distributions (TFD) are given, corresponding to the deviation of a certain CT to the left (the trajectory signal decreases exponentially) and to the right (the CT-signal increases) from the nominal axial trajectory (NAT). The calculated scalar signal and its TFD for the AHP CT deviating to the left from NAT are also presented. In addition, on the basis of theoretical explanations the calculated linear-increasing TFD is demonstrated, corresponding to the CT-deviation to the right from NAT, and the time invariant stationary TFD characterizing the movement of AHP along the NAT line. Сonclusion. Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that the most appropriate ways to monitor the current trajectories of AHP movement and procedures for processing the corresponding signals are the operations implemented in computer-aided subsystems of external and autonomous control and based on such concepts as the Cohen’s class wavelet distributions, Gabor redundant dictionary of wavelet functions, the wavelet matching pursuit algorithm, and the representation of technological chirp-signals, as well as frequency-stationary signals about the current AHP trajectories represented in the wavelet medium. In this connection, the authors concluded that the procedures realizing the current monitoring of AHP movement on open pit mine routes and implementing the process of analyzing a relevant dynamic change in current trajectories, described in the article and embedded in software and hardware autonomous and external control subsystems of "Smart opencast mine” are adequate for performing required functions. The introduction of the principles of computer-aided controlling the unmanned mining vehicles allows you to optimize labor costs for the operation of mining equipment, reduce the cost of current work, and attract highly qualified specialists for the development and operation of innovative transport equipment. The implementation of such prospects in mountainous regions (of a country) makes it possible to diversify the range of labor resources and, in general, contribute to the sustainable social and economic development of mountain territories.

Мониторинг и совершенствование организации ремонтного обслуживания карьерных автосамосвалов БелАЗ-7513 и БелАЗ-75306 на разрезе «Черногорский»

A steady growth in production volumes and labor productivity has been observed at the Chernogorsky open-pit of OOO SUEK-Khakassia over the past fifteen years. This is primarily due to an increase in the number of mining equipment, capacity and level of use. At the same time, changes in the characteristics of the equipment used are often accompanied by adjustments only to the technology of its operation, without corresponding organizational changes. This situation leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the operation of mining equipment. The present study analyzes the experience of changing the organization of maintenance of BelAZ-7513 and BelAZ-75306 dump trucks at the Chernogorsky open pit as a result of monitoring the organization of repair service for these machines. The analysis of the implementation of the main monitoring functions is carried out: observation, analysis, assessment and forecasting. The analysis made it possible to establish that one of the key organizational factors that negatively affect the quality of maintenance of dump trucks in the Chernogorsky open pit is the low interest of drivers in providing timely and reliable information about the technical condition of these machines. A change in the scheme of interaction between drivers and mechanics of the repair service is proposed. As a result, a 5-12% reduction in the duration of maintenance was achieved, depending on its types, as well as a reduction in the number of failures by 7-20%, depending on the BelAZ model. The monthly economic effect amounted to about 7 million rubles.

Современные системы предотвращения столкновений горной техники и наездов на персонал при ведении открытых горных работ

The article addresses the issues of ensuring safe operation of mining equipment in surface mining. It describes the main factors and situations that pose a high risk to human life and health. The most dangerous incidents are shown to be related to limited visibility and blind spots for operators of mining equipment, which can result in collisions and personnel run over. The main technologies and specific solutions used to design collision avoidance systems are described and their general comparison is provided. A particular focus is placed on monitoring the health of employees at their workplace by means of portable personal devices that promptly inform the dispatcher of emergency situations. General technical requirements are formulated for designing of the system to prevent equipment collisions and personnel run over in surface mining operations. The paper emphasizes the importance of introducing a multifunctional safety system in surface mines in order to minimise the possibility of incidents and accidents throughout the entire production cycle.

Study on Intelligent Mine Based on the Application of 5G Wireless Communication System

In the traditional industrial sector, mining plays an important role. The development of a century-old industry is inseparable from the development and utilization of mineral resources. Mining is not only about the economy, but also about safety. In the past 100 years, dangerous mines have brought enormous challenges to the world’s industrial safety. Mine safety has always been a major concern of all countries in the world. People are constantly looking forward to and exploring, looking forward to safer, smarter, more automated, unmanned mining methods. With the rapid changes in the era of artificial intelligence and the era of all things connected, the new era of intelligent mines is really coming. Currently, 5G business is getting closer. Exploring and promoting 5G typical applications has become the key to successful 5G operations. With the acceleration of the commercialization of 5G technology, the application of 5G technology in the coal mining industry and the underground working face has achieved a seamless docking between the underground and the underground, which helps the operation of unmanned mining equipment and realizes unmanned mining. Fundamentally avoiding casualties has gradually become a reality. This paper starts with the concept of intelligent mine, summarizes the construction significance of intelligent mine construction and intelligent mine structure, and introduces in detail the application of 5G wireless communication system in intelligent mines. The 5G era is coming, it will bring huge changes to people’s lives.

МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ДИНАМИКИ ТЕПЛОВОГО РЕЖИМА ТУПИКОВЫХ ГОРНЫХ ВЫРАБОТОК С ИСТОЧНИКОМ ВЫДЕЛЕНИЯ ТЕПЛОТЫ

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью снижения температуры воздуха в тупиковых горных выработках при ведении работ, связанных с выделением большого количества теплоты. Разработка способов нормализации термодинамических параметров рудничного воздуха в забоях на основе построения прогнозных математических моделей изменения теплового режима является необходимым условием обеспечения безопасности труда в горнодобывающей промышленности. Цель: получение зависимостей для определения скорости повышения температуры воздуха в тупиковой выработке при известных величинах интенсивности выделения теплоты и скорости её отведения вентиляционной струёй. Объекты: тупиковые выработки и окружающий породный массив. Методы: решение задачи нестационарного теплообмена рудничного воздуха и породного массива в сопряжённой постановке с помощью преобразований Лапласа; оценка безопасности по газовому фактору интенсификации выноса теплоты из горной выработки путём увеличения подачи воздуха в забой за счёт частично-повторного использования воздуха. Результаты. Проведён анализ проблемы отвода теплоты, выделяющейся при работе оборудования в замкнутом пространстве горных выработок. Показано, что процессов поглощения теплоты породным массивом и её отведения за счёт проветривания может быть недостаточно для обеспечения нормативных значений температуры воздуха. Разработана математическая модель сопряжённого теплообмена воздуха и породного массива, позволяющая прогнозировать повышение температуры с течением времени в зависимости от длины выработки и суммарной интенсивности выделения теплоты в ней. Установлено, что теплообменные процессы продолжительностью в несколько часов могут моделироваться в приближении малых времён, что значительно упрощает расчётные зависимости. Произведён расчёт динамики теплового режима при характерном для шахтных условий наборе физических параметров задачи, результаты которого явились обоснованием сделанного приближения и подтвердили опасность быстрого увеличения температуры воздуха при недостаточной скорости выноса теплоты из выработки вентиляционной струёй. Доказано, что при необходимости дополнительного отведения теплоты можно применять источники тяги высокой производительности с частично-повторным использованием исходящего воздуха без риска увеличения содержания газов в тупиковых выработках.

Investigation of Machine-Mounted Area Lighting to Reduce Risk of Injury from Slips-Trips-Falls for Operators of Mobile Surface Mining Equipment.

Nonfatal injuries from slips, trips, and falls (STF) that occur at surface mines can result from inadequate lighting. Mobile equipment operators are among the occupations associated with the nonfatal incidents reported to the U.S. Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA). In addition, getting on/off the equipment (ingress/egress) frequently adds to the highest proportion of nonfatal incidents. Accordingly, researchers at the Pittsburgh Mining Research Division (PMRD), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted a field study to investigate lighting on haul trucks and wheel loaders with regard to glare and illuminance levels recommended by the Illuminating Engineering Society (IES). The objective was to determine whether two light-emitting diode (LED) area luminaires-a Mr. Beams® (model MB390 Ultrabright) (area luminaire-1) and a NIOSH-developed Saturn (custom-designed for a mine roof bolter study) (area luminaire-2)-could complement a headlamp luminaire. Measured levels of visual tasks, with the headlamp alone and the area luminaires plus the headlamp, demonstrated that illuminance met or exceeded IES-recommended levels. Nevertheless, the area luminaires illuminated a much broader area, which is key to increasing hazard awareness. Discomfort and disability glare were lower with area luminaire-1 than with area luminaire-2. Differences in glare were more noticeable for newer models of haul trucks and loaders featuring updated ingress/egress system designs. This study demonstrates that commercially available luminaires, such as area luminaire-1, are capable of complementing headlamp lighting, and can thus improve a miner's ability to detect and avoid STF hazards.

Weather conditions as a factor affecting the performance of modern powerful mining excavators

The article discusses various factors that have a significant impact on the performance of EKG-32R type powerful mining excavators. It was revealed that the most adverse effects are weather conditions that are different from the nominal ones for which mining machines are designed. The climatic factor includes the impact of solar radiation, low and high air temperatures, wind speed, humidity, fog, snowstorms, snow storms etc on mining equipment. The transformation of the properties of structural materials is also determined by the intensity and duration of exposure to these factors and their combination. A methodology is proposed for assessing the influence of weather conditions on the operation of mining equipment, which allows one to analyze the influence of each climatic parameter separately and evaluate the complex effect. It is proposed to take into account the influence of the climatic factor on the performance of mining excavators through a complex indicator - the weather stiffness index, which takes into account the parameters of any type of climate for the entire calendar period of the excavator exploitation.

Mobile lubrication and filling units to reduce mining machines and equipment downtime when providing maintenance

Currently in the mining industry there is an observed increase in demand for portable lubrication and filling units used by technical maintenance and repair of different quarry machinery. These oil-servicing mobile workshops provide the possibility to organize maintenance at facilities, situated far from each other, and quick delivery of everything necessary for technical maintenance and repair at mining machines and equipment operation location.