Operational Mapping Research Articles

An operational risk assessment method for petrochemical plants based on deep learning

The petrochemical industry is an important guarantee for the development of people’s lives, and the operational risk assessment method of personnel in the operation of petrochemical enterprises is the most important. Based on a deep learning algorithm, a new method based on the micro-Doppler effect and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process is proposed to evaluate the operational risk of personnel in petrochemical enterprises. The original monitoring image of petrochemical equipment is invoked, and micro-Doppler analysis is performed based on the original image to identify the activity target of the personnel on the job site and generate the activity map of the petrochemical plant operators. Based on the analysis data of the micro-Doppler effect, the fuzzy function and hierarchical analysis method are combined. The fuzzy theory is introduced into the analytic hierarchy process, and the inherent expert evaluation scores are transformed into fuzzy numbers. It makes the expert evaluation of petrochemical plants more accurate in the subsequent coupling and improves the objectivity of the traditional analytic hierarchy process. The scheme proposed in this paper can monitor real-time operation safety and provide a guarantee for the personal safety of field operators. This method plays an important role in improving the safety of petrochemical plants.

Community Mobilisation for Human Sample Collection in Sensitive Communities: Experiences from Granular Mapping of Schistosomiasis and Soil-Transmitted Helminths in Ekiti State, South West, Nigeria

Community mobilisation is a vital process for raising awareness and increasing participation in healthcare interventions, research, and programmes that require human sample collection and mass management. In this report, we present the community mobilisation approach undertaken for the implementation of the operational mapping and assessment of granular schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The mobilisation was conducted in 177 communities/wards of the 16 local government areas. A total of 15,340 urine and stool samples were collected in 34 days. The efficacy and success of the strategy were evaluated through the following three performance metrics: community compliance rate, the participant response rate at the community level, and the overall compliance response rate of the four most sensitive LGAs. Community compliance was 93.7% as sample collection was denied in nine communities and two other communities demanded the return of the collected samples despite our mobilisation effort because of cultural bias and myths that connect the collection of stool and urine samples to ritual activities in the local context. The participant response rate at the community level was 86.7%. Three of the four sensitive LGAs (based on previous assessment programmes) demonstrated satisfactory compliance rates of 100%, while a response rate of 64.0% was computed for one of the LGAs. We believe our approach contributed to effective community mobilisation and awareness and that the developed model has the potential to improve participation rates in large healthcare assessments and intervention programmes.

Theoretical analysis of the optimal ejector operation and design within an ejector-based refrigeration system

Optimal operation and design of ejectors are the subject of recent concerns, especially for the enhancement of refrigeration and heat pump cycles based on natural refrigerants like carbon dioxide. In this study, a thermodynamic analysis of an ejector-based refrigeration cycle is performed to determine both what operating pressures lead to the highest physically possible performance depending on the ambient conditions, and what are the main dimensions of the ejector leading to the best performance at a given ambient temperature. A state-of-the-art thermodynamic model for the prediction of the ejector performance is for the first time utilized to generate reliable operation and performance maps of the ejector cycle. Most notably, it is found that the optimal coefficient of performance is not necessarily found when the ejector operates at critical conditions but mostly when the device is under off-design regime, depending on the ejector internal efficiency and the hot side temperature. In addition, the analysis reveals that the performance of the cycle is not highly sensitive to the throat area ratio of the ejector given that the latter lies within an acceptable range. Those findings contribute to getting a better understanding of how the cycle benefits from the ejector and define design and control strategies for the cycle.

Operation map of a traveling-wave thermoacoustic electric generator with variable resistive-capacitive electric loads.

A toroidal-topology traveling-wave thermoacoustic electric generator (TWTEG) is developed. It consists of a traveling-wave thermoacoustic engine, two linear alternators connected in parallel, and sets of variable resistive-capacitive (R-C) external electric loads, in conjunction with accessories and instrumentation required for experimental investigations. The working medium is helium with a static absolute pressure that varies from 25 bars to 30 bars. A detailed description of the thermal design of the heat exchangers is presented. Sustainable operation of the TWTEG is achieved over a range of external R-C loads at different imposed hot-side temperatures and mean gas pressures. The performance parameters are measured for different experimental conditions and compared with a developed lumped-element model. The comparison between the experimental results and predictions reveals a good agreement. The impedance matching between the thermoacoustic engine and the linear alternators is investigated experimentally over a wide range of external R-C loads. The external R-C loads play a crucial role in the operation of the TWTEG. The mean gas pressure changes the operating frequency; however, it has no significant influence on the operating range of the TWTEG on the R-C load map. Increasing the hot-side temperature improves the thermal-to-acoustic efficiency and extends the operating region into larger regions.

Analysis of the monotonicity method for an anisotropic scatterer with a conductive boundary

Abstract In this paper, we consider the inverse scattering problem associated with an anisotropic medium with a conductive boundary. We will assume that the corresponding far–field pattern is known/measured and we consider two inverse problems. First, we show that the far–field data uniquely determines the boundary coefficient. Next, since it is known that anisotropic coefficients are not uniquely determined by this data we will develop a qualitative method to recover the scatterer. To this end, we study the so–called monotonicity method applied to this inverse shape problem. This method has recently been applied to some inverse scattering problems but this is the first time it has been applied to an anisotropic scatterer. This method allows one to recover the scatterer by considering the eigenvalues of an operator associated with the far–field operator. We present some simple numerical reconstructions to illustrate our theory in two dimensions. For our reconstructions, we need to compute the adjoint of the Herglotz wave function as an operator mapping into H 1 of a small ball.

Experimental Study of Natural Gas and Hydrogen Co-Firing Characteristics Using Different Types of Single Nozzles of F-Class Practical Gas Turbine Combustors

Abstract Recent research on co-firing natural gas and hydrogen, a carbon-free clean fuel, aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from aging gas turbine power generation, a key energy issue. This approach can enhance old gas turbines and increase the proportion of combined cycle power plant utilization as coal-fired power plants in Korea gradually shut down. This study seeks optimal operating conditions for mixed fuels without modifying the F-class gas turbine combustor. Experiments were conducted using four different types of fuel nozzles (F-Class DLN combustors) under varying loads and co-firing rates. The test used actual machine operating conditions from 30% to 100% thermal load, with hydrogen co-fired with natural gas up to 70% at each load. OH high-speed imaging and an OH-PLIF technique analyzed flame structure and characteristics. Dynamic pressure was measured to check combustion instability, and exhaust gas emissions were evaluated for combustion characteristics. Key findings include critical co-firing rates for each nozzle based on NOx emission levels and combustion dynamics. As the hydrogen co-firing rate increased, flame length decreased, and NOx levels rose rapidly beyond 30%vol. Dynamic pressure oscillations showed no significant variations compared to natural gas combustion. This study successfully derived a characteristic operation map for a single nozzle based on the hydrogen co-firing rate.

Systematic approach in struggle against Heracleum Sosnowskyi with GPS mapping usage

Goal. Analysis of long-term data on the systematic control of Heracleum Sosnowskyi on the territory of the city of Chernivtsi and the city of Kovel, taking into account the effectiveness of the use of GPS mapping. Methods. Researches conducted by visual method for identifying Heracleum Sosnowskyi in investigated regions. Used the quantity method used for determining sowing weediness. This method is based upon the weeds accounting on recording area. The spreading map formed with help of licensed software in studied districts. The device GPS-navigator used for (Garmin eTrex Legend) used for fixed points of Heracleum Sosnowskyi, areas of weeds’ hearths, spreading scopes and elimination areas, reference to coordinate system. Results. Studies conducted as per operation maps. They had been developed upon the GPS mapping. They had been formed during 2016—2022 for previous areas Heracleum Sosnowskyi control. The patented way of struggle against Heracleum Sosnowskyi tested. The way based upon the biodestructor usage after cutting for plants drying and seeds material elimination. It may be used against young plants in chemicals in the form of a complex of herbicides are also. Monitoring of the territory of the city of Chernivtsi showed that as a result of the systematic destruction of Heracleum Sosnowskyi, 12 foci of weed disappeared. The plants’ density seriously decreased from 47.8 and 43.5 plants on 1 m2 to 1.1 and 0.2 plants on 1 m2. Conclusions. Factual survey in town Chernivtsi showed that the systematic approach in struggle with Heracleum Sosnowskyi had allowed to decrease occupied area son 20 ha. The number of Heracleum Sosnowskyi plants decreased in more than 25 times. According to the results of systematic work in the city of Kovel, it is possible to claim the complete destruction of 2 outbreaks with a total area of 0.43 ha. GPS mapping usage allowed to increase monitoring and clear control for areas change of controlled object.

Operational Mapping of Submarine Groundwater Discharge into Coral Reefs: Application to West Hawai‘i Island

Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is a recognized contributor to the hydrological and biogeochemical functioning of coral reef ecosystems located along coastlines. However, the distribution, size, and thermal properties of SGD remain poorly understood at most land–reef margins. We developed, deployed, and demonstrated an operational method for airborne detection and mapping of SGD using the 200 km coastline of western Hawai‘i Island as a testing and analysis environment. Airborne high spatial resolution (1 m) thermal imaging produced relative sea surface temperature (SST) maps that aligned geospatially with boat-based transects of SGD presence–absence. Boat-based SST anomaly measurements were highly correlated with airborne SST anomaly measurements (R2 = 0.85; RMSE = 0.04 °C). Resulting maps of the relative difference in SST inside and outside of SGD plumes, called delta-SST, revealed 749 SGD plumes in 200 km of coastline, with nearly half of the SGD plumes smaller than 0.1 ha in size. Only 9% of SGD plumes were ≥1 ha in size, and just 1% were larger than 10 ha. Our findings indicate that small SGD is omnipresent in the nearshore environment. Furthermore, we found that the infrequent, large SGD plumes (>10 ha) displayed the weakest delta-SST values, suggesting that large discharge plumes are not likely to provide cooling refugia to warming coral reefs. Our operational approach can be applied frequently over time to generate SGD information relative to terrestrial substrate, topography, and pollutants. This operational approach will yield new insights into the role that land-to-reef interactions have on the composition and condition of coral reefs along coastlines.

Developing environmental, social and governance (ESG) strategies on evaluation of municipal waste disposal centers: A case of Mexico

Waste disposal systems are crucial components of environmental management, and focusing on this sector can contribute to the development of various other sectors and improve social welfare. Urban waste is no longer solely an environmental issue; it now plays a significant role in the economy, energy, and value creation, with waste disposal centers (WDCs) being a key manifestation. The purpose of this study is to measure the performance of WDCs in the state of Nuevo León, Mexico, with the aim of developing environmental, social, and governance (ESG) strategies to strengthen and prepare the WDCs for the industrial developments in this state. By identifying environmental variables and undesirable factors, the efficiency and managerial capacity of 32 WDCs were assessed. The analysis revealed that 9 out of the 32 WDCs are technically efficient, while the remaining 23 require significant improvements. Using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique, an average efficiency score of 0.91 was found, with a standard deviation of 0.08. The managerial capacity analysis indicated that the highest-ranked WDC achieved an efficiency score of 1, whereas the lowest-ranked WDC scored 0.67. Finally, an operational map of development strategies was developed using the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) and Matrix Impact Cross-Reference Multiplication Applied to a Classification (MICMAC) approach. The results indicate that four phases of development should be followed for real development and maturity of development in these WDCs, including Groundwork, Structuring, Development and Growth, and Smart Maturity.

A METHODOLOGY TO COMPARE REFRIGERANTS BASED ON THEIR THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES

To compare different refrigerants in a fair way has been always a matter of discusión. There are some properties like Isoentropic COP, volumetric capacities, pressure ratio that can be compared easily and supply some relevant information. However, how they are translated into real systems is not so direct. For instance, isentropic COP is obtained under the assumption that all the refrigerants are able to work in the same condensing and evaporating temperatures, but these variables depend on the temperature lift of the secondary fluid and in real systems, they will not be the same. The size of the heat exchangers and, hence, the cost depend on heat transfer coefficients and pressure drop, and extrapolating this data in a straightforward way is not easy; even the required refrigerant charge is not easy to determine. In this work, the authors propose a methodology to compare different refrigerants based on the external operating conditions, the approach compares the system performance not only in terms of efficiency parameters but also in term of operation map, size and cost of the system and refrigerant charge. To do that, a basic modelling approach has been developed based on quite extended correlations for heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop and void fraction in the heat exchangers. The developed methodology does not pretend to be an exact design guide but a guide that researchers and students can use to estimate qualitatively the differences among refrigerants

Evaluation of Ammonia Co-fuelling in Modern Four Stroke Engines

Ammonia is emerging as a promising alternative fuel for longer range decarbonised heavy transport, particularly in the marine sector due to highly favourable characteristics as an effective hydrogen carrier. This is despite generally unfavourable combustion and toxicity attributes, restricting end use to applications where robust health and safety protocols can be upheld. In the currently reported work, a spark ignited thermodynamic single cylinder research engine equipped with gasoline direct injection was upgraded to include gaseous ammonia port injection fuelling, with the aim of understanding maximum viable ammonia substitution ratios across the speed load operating map. The work was conducted under overall stoichiometric conditions with the spark timing re-optimised for maximum brake torque at all stable logged sites. The experiments included industry standard measurements of combustion, performance and engine-out emissions (including ammonia ‘slip’). With a geometric compression ratio of 12.4:1, it was possible to run the engine on pure ammonia at low engine speeds (1000–1800 rpm) at low to moderate engine loads in a fully warmed up state. When progressively dropping down below a threshold load limit, an increasing amount of gasoline co-firing was required to avoid engine misfire. Due to the favourable antiknock characteristics, pure ammonia operation was up to 5% more efficient than pure gasoline operation under stable operating regions. A maximum net indicated thermal efficiency (ITE) of 40% was achieved, with efficiency tending to increase with speed and load. For the co-fuelling of gasoline and ammonia in a pure ammonia attainable operating region, it was found that addition of gasoline improved the combustion, but these improvements were not sufficient to translate into improved thermal efficiency. Emissions of ammonia slip reduced with increased gasoline co-fuelling, albeit with increased NOx. However, the reduction in ammonia slip was nearly ten times the increase in NOx emissions. Comparing pure ammonia and pure gasoline operation, NOx reduced by ~60% when switching from pure gasoline to pure ammonia (as the latter is associated with longer and cooler combustion). Results were finally compared to those obtained a modern multicylinder Volvo ‘D8’ turbo-diesel engine modified for dual-fuel operation with ammonia port fuel injection (PFI), with the focus of the comparison being ammonia slip and NOx emissions.

Integrasi Statistical Quality Control dan Failure Mode and Effect Analysis Dalam Menganalisis Defect Pada Proses Produksi

One of the companies that make tools for printing at one of the printing companies in Jakarta has a product in the form of Offset Roller Printing, where Offset Roller Printing is a mainstay product with the highest sales. The company promises a declining trend in the rejection rate in 2024, with the rejection rate not exceeding 2%. For that, an analysis of the cause of the problem will be carried out until a repair proposal is obtained by using an integrated method which is Statistical Quality Control (SQC) with Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA). Based on the check sheet, it shows the total production in January - December 2023 of 5699. On the overall operational map, there is no point that is outside the upper or lower operational limits. From the results of the FMEA analysis, it can be seen that the highest RPN is the cover for the method factor with the first priority having an RPN value of 252 which means that the vulcanization temperature is not reached or the temperature of the maturity point is not reached. unable to. There is a need to renew the vulcanization recipe so that the rubber matures perfectly and avoids the occurrence of oblong or closed defects. In addition, improvement proposals as a form of evaluation results are given related to the operator's attention factor, operator's skill, various types of materials, working environment temperature, no machine control, comfortable work environment, hostap plastic setting.

Analysis of Work Measurement Using a Stopwatch in a Motorcycle Workshop

In realizing competitiveness, a company/ business organization must have operational excellence. Operational excellence is obtained through the provision of facilities in the form of tools or work systems that enable workers to operate them more efficiently and effectively, where efficiency and effectiveness are two things that produce productivity. Apart from many influencing factors, such as worker experience and knowledge, CV. XYZ – a work organization engaged in the repair of two-wheeled motorized vehicles – is also trying to create an advantage that allows them to increase their productivity. This research is a quantitative descriptive study, which takes time data from the two jobs most routinely carried out by CV. XYZ, namely changing engine oil and gear oil. This research was carried out with the aim of finding out the standard time needed for workers to complete their work and making recommendations for possible improvements to be implemented by CV management. XYZ, namely recommendations for the layout of work facilities and also the sequence of work processes. The measurement results show that the standard time required to complete the job of changing engine oil and garden oil is 372.68 seconds and 417.99 seconds, respectively. Creating an operational flow map (current FPC) shows that the average distance that workers need to travel while working on engine oil and garden oil is 22 meters. The results of the FPC recommendation provided show that the distance has decreased to 16.5 meters or 5.5 meters shorter.

Out-of-distributional risk bounds for neural operators with applications to the Helmholtz equation

Despite their remarkable success in approximating a wide range of operators defined by PDEs, existing neural operators (NOs) do not necessarily perform well for all physics problems. We focus here on high-frequency waves to highlight possible shortcomings. To resolve these, we propose a subfamily of NOs enabling an enhanced empirical approximation of the nonlinear operator mapping wave speed to solution, or boundary values for the Helmholtz equation on a bounded domain. The latter operator is commonly referred to as the “forward” operator in the study of inverse problems, and we propose a hypernetwork version of the subfamily of NOs as a surrogate model. Our methodology draws inspiration from transformers and techniques such as stochastic depth. Experiments reveal certain surprises in the generalization and the relevance of introducing stochastic depth. Our NOs show superior performance as compared with standard NOs, not only for testing within the training distribution but also for out-of-distribution scenarios. To delve into this observation, we obtain a novel out-of-distribution risk bound tailored to Gaussian measures on Banach spaces, relating stochastic depth with the bound. We conclude by offering an in-depth analysis of the Rademacher complexity associated with our modified models and prove an upper bound tied to their stochastic depth that existing NOs do not satisfy.

Fault Location Method Based on Dynamic Operation and Maintenance Map and Common Alarm Points Analysis

Under a distributed information system, the scale of various operational components such as applications, operating systems, databases, servers, and networks is immense, with intricate access relationships. The silo effect of each professional is prominent, and the linkage mechanism is insufficient, making it difficult to locate the infrastructure components that cause exceptions under a particular application. Current research only plays a role in local scenarios, and its accuracy and generalization are still very limited. This paper proposes a novel fault location method based on dynamic operation maps and alarm common point analysis. During the fault period, various alarm entities are associated with dynamic operation maps, and alarm common points are obtained based on graph search addressing methods, covering deployment relationship common points, connection common points (physical and logical), and access flow common points. This method, compared with knowledge graph approaches, eliminates the complex process of knowledge graph construction, making it more concise and efficient. Furthermore, in contrast to indicator correlation analysis methods, this approach supplements with configuration correlation information, resulting in more precise positioning. Through practical validation, its fault hit rate exceeds 82%, which is significantly better than the existing main methods.

Surrogate-model-based optimization of a nonideal polymerization reactor for producing tailored molecular weight distribution

The optimization of polymerization reactors with nonideal mixing has been greatly hindered by a tremendous computation burden. In this study, a global optimization framework to integrate full MWD calculations and detailed reactor dynamics with nonideal mixing behaviors was developed by reducing the considerable computation time required for implementing full MWD. A combination of surrogate-model-based optimization and a computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-compartment reactor model was applied to produce the desired MWD in a nonideal reactor. A neural network (NN) surrogate model was trained using 3,000 MWD data produced from the mechanistic reactor model. The results showed that the model successfully described asymmetric MWD with bimodality resulting from the nonideal mixing behaviors in the reactor. The surrogate model was used to construct operation maps for the asymmetry and bimodality factors, with SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values showing that the flow rate of the chain transfer agent had the largest impact on the asymmetry factor, whereas temperature significantly influenced the bimodality factor. Finally, the optimization strategy based on the asymmetric and bimodality factors successfully determined operating conditions to produce four tailored MWDs, reported in actual polymerization reactors with R scores of 0.988–0.997.

A unified treatment of tractability for approximation problems defined on Hilbert spaces

A large literature specifies conditions under which the information complexity for a sequence of numerical problems defined for dimensions 1,2,… grows at a moderate rate, i.e., the sequence of problems is tractable. Here, we focus on the situation where the space of available information consists of all linear functionals, and the problems are defined as linear operator mappings between Hilbert spaces. We unify the proofs of known tractability results and generalize a number of existing results. These generalizations are expressed as five theorems that provide equivalent conditions for (strong) tractability in terms of sums of functions of the singular values of the solution operators.

Practical low-temperature gasoline combustion for very high efficiency off-road, medium- and heavy-duty engines

Low-temperature gasoline combustion (LTGC) with additive-mixing fuel injection (AMFI) is a new combustion strategy that has been demonstrated to deliver 9%–25% better brake thermal efficiency than similar-sized market-leading diesel engines over the operating map. Moreover, the LTGC-AMFI engine shows near-zero smoke, and NOx emissions are 4–100 times lower than those of a diesel, sufficiently low that no aftertreatment, or only passive NOx aftertreatment, would be sufficient (diesel exhaust fluid is not required). LTGC-AMFI combustion is based on kinetically controlled compression ignition of a dilute charge with a variable amount of low-to-moderate fuel stratification. Fast combustion control is provided by adding minute amounts of an ignition-enhancing additive into the fuel each engine cycle to control its reactivity. This strategy was used to operate a medium-duty (MD) LTGC-AMFI engine at loads from idle to 16.3 bar BMEP and speeds from 600 to 2400 rpm with regular E10 gasoline, which covers nearly the entire operating map of a typical MD engine. Turbine-out temperatures were sufficient for an oxidation catalyst to control hydrocarbon and CO emissions. Autonomie simulations over the GEM ARB Transient and the GEM 55 mph Cruise driving cycles for class-6 trucks using this technology showed fuel economies of 8.1 and 11.4 mpg-gasoline-equivalent, respectively, corresponding to 18.6% and 13.4% improvements over a similar-size diesel engine. Engine-out NOx emissions were 0.024 and 0.01 g/bhp-h, respectively, well below current U.S. emission standards. These results show that switching from diesel to LTGC-AMFI engines would greatly reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for off-road, MD and HD applications, which will continue to rely on combustion engines because electrification is not practical in the foreseeable future. With their reduced fuel consumption, the lower cost of gasoline compared to diesel fuel, and much lower aftertreatment costs, LTGC-AMFI engines also offer a significantly lower total cost of ownership.

Evaluating the potential for efficient, UAS-based reach-scale mapping of river channel bathymetry from multispectral images

Introduction: Information on spatial patterns of water depth in river channels is valuable for numerous applications, but such data can be difficult to obtain via traditional field methods. Ongoing developments in remote sensing technology have enabled various image-based approaches for mapping river bathymetry; this study evaluated the potential to retrieve depth from multispectral images acquired by an uncrewed aircraft system (UAS).Methods: More specifically, we produced depth maps for a 4 km reach of a clear-flowing, relatively shallow river using an established spectrally based algorithm, Optimal Band Ratio Analysis. To assess accuracy, we compared image-derived estimates to direct measurements of water depth. The field data were collected by wading and from a boat equipped with an echo sounder and used to survey cross sections and a longitudinal profile. We partitioned our study area along the Sacramento River, California, USA, into three distinct sub-reaches and acquired a separate image for each one. In addition to the typical, self-contained, per-image depth retrieval workflow, we also explored the possibility of exporting a relationship between depth and reflectance calibrated using data from one site to the other two sub-reaches. Moreover, we evaluated whether sampling configurations progressively more sparse than our full field survey could still provide sufficient calibration data for developing robust depth retrieval models.Results: Our results indicate that under favorable environmental conditions like those observed on the Sacramento River during low flow, accurate, precise depth maps can be derived from images acquired by UAS, not only within a sub-reach but also across multiple, adjacent sub-reaches of the same river.Discussion: Moreover, our findings imply that the level of effort invested in obtaining field data for calibration could be significantly reduced. In aggregate, this investigation suggests that UAS-based remote sensing could facilitate highly efficient, cost-effective, operational mapping of river bathymetry at the reach scale in clear-flowing streams.

Five-Dimensional Modeling Technology for Intelligent Manufacturing Lines Oriented Towards Digital Twins

Intelligent manufacturing lines constitute a complex system characterized by the integration of multiple technologies, the intersection of various disciplines, multi-dimensional integration, and the interaction of numerous components. Currently, the internal environment of intelligent manufacturing workshops, processing technologies, and production processes all exhibit a high degree of complexity, and the diversity of underlying mechanical equipment is particularly notable. Compared to traditional manufacturing assembly lines, the process coupling between equipment in flow-type production lines is tighter and more significant. Therefore, this paper undertakes digital twin modeling of intelligent manufacturing lines from five aspects: geometry, motion, data, communication, and control. This approach aims to achieve precise and detailed mapping of the physical entity production line's processing operations.