Facets Of Openness Research Articles

Transliminality – Converging Evidence of Associations With and Openness to Experience and Its Facets

Abstract: Transliminality refers to permeable mental boundaries that entail a susceptibility to, and awareness of, material from unconscious sources and the external environment. Here, we examined the extent to which transliminality is associated with the personality trait of Openness to Experience. Three samples of visitors to art galleries (total N = 770) completed measures of transliminality and Openness. Initial analyses suggested that the construct of transliminality was multidimensional, consisting of mild absorption-like experiences and more disintegrative-like experiences, respectively. Transliminality, at both manifest and latent levels, was significantly, positively, and with medium to large effect sizes associated with higher-order Openness. However, this correspondence was primarily driven by associations with three lower-order Openness facets (Fantasy, Aesthetics, and Values). These associations were replicable across all three samples and robust after accounting for participant sociodemographic variables. These convergent, internally replicating findings suggest that transliminality may lie at the end of a continuum of experiential openness.

Associations between a multifaceted personality and academic performance in secondary school

Whereas meta-analytic evidence has accumulated about the important role personality characteristics such as the Big Five traits play for academic performance in secondary school, less is known about the specific behavioral and emotional repertoire that drives these associations. A closer look at the facet-level of Big Five traits can provide this knowledge helping to better understand why students differ in their success at school. We therefore studied associations between Big Five facets and academic performance (grades and standardized test scores in German and mathematics) in three independent secondary student samples (Study 1 N = 3866, Study 2 N = 2290, and Study 3 N = 366), using regression analytic, structural equation modeling, and meta-analytic procedures to test facet-level associations and incremental associations above traits. We found facet-differential associations with academic performance indicators, particularly for facets of conscientiousness, openness, and extraversion. Evidence for incremental effects of facets beyond traits was weak. Self-discipline (conscientiousness) was the only facet that consistently showed incremental effects across Samples 1 and 2. The results can stimulate research and practice to identify the underlying mechanisms that drive these associations and also highlight the specific emotional and behavioral repertoire that should be supported to help students to succeed in school.

Reeling in Stories: An Investigation of Creative Behaviors and Creativity‐Support on Instagram

Reeling in Stories: An Investigation of Creative Behaviors and Creativity‐Support on Instagram

Autism-Linked Traits and Creativity: Empathy and Sensory Sensitivities in Children Predict Creative Activities and Openness

ABSTRACT Several studies have investigated the relationship between autism-linked traits and creativity in adults across the general population, but far fewer in developmental populations. Here we examined how creativity in children is linked to the autism-linked traits of empathy (i.e. ability to understand and engage with another’s emotions and feelings) and sensory sensitivities (i.e. over/under-responding to incoming sensory stimuli). Our study collected data from 659 children aged 6–12, treating autism-linked traits as global and domain level features. We collected two sets of creativity data, focussing on a personality trait associated with creativity (Openness to experience; with two facets of Ideas and Aesthetics) and engagement in creative activities (with two facets of Performance and Art). After controlling for age and gender, our global measure of empathy predicted all four creativity outcomes, especially Ideas (strongly linked to curiosity, inventiveness and idea generation). Similarly, children with greater Emotional empathy displayed more creative across all four creativity outcomes, particularly creative activities (Performance, Art). Social-cognitive empathy was associated with both Openness facets, particularly Ideas. Finally, we found that sensory sensitivities predicted several trivially-size effects. Our study contributes to a broader understanding of how autism-linked traits in the general population interact with features of creativity in children.

Music Preferences and Their Associations With Uses of Music and Personality Factors and Facets

In this study, we examined the associations between music preferences, uses of music and personality factors and facets. The sample included 449 participants (50% female, M = 23.59, SD = 2.14) who indicated preferences for international and regional music styles that were classified into Reflective and Complex, Intense and Rebellious, Upbeat and Conventional, Energetic and Rhythmic, and Regional preferences, and filled in the Uses of Music Inventory and IPIP-300 questionnaire. After controlling for age, gender and uses of music, personality significantly added to the prediction of all music preferences, except Energetic and Rhythmic. Personality factors explained additionally from 9% to 21%, and facets from 18% to 34% of the music preference variance, respectively. Openness, as well as some openness facets, emerged as significant predictors for different music preferences. Our results indicate that when trying to explain preferences with personality traits, the personality traits should be measured at the facet level.

Possibility Thinking Scale: An initial psychometric exploration

Although there has been longstanding work on possibility thinking (PT), there is no current scale that researchers can use to measure and study this important action-based orientation. In this paper, we report on four studies with English and Polish speaking participants ( N > 1,500) focused on developing and providing an initial evaluation of the Possibility Thinking Scale (PTS). Across the four studies, we examined the factor structure of the PTS by comparing one- and three-factor models and tested the links between PT and relevant correlates: divergent thinking, creative agency factors, and facets of Openness and Extraversion. After a series of replications presented in Studies 1 to 3, Study 4 ( N = 491) explored revisions to the scale, using new items developed with input from Large Language Models. Taken together, our results indicate that the final version of PTS reflects three factors of one’s orientation to the possible (i.e. awareness, excitement, and exploration). Our results also indicate that the factors were associated with, but sufficiently distinct from related constructs. We close by discussing strengths and weaknesses of PTS and propose future directions for research.

Adding a Piece to the Puzzle? The Allocation of Figurative Language Comprehension into the CHC Model of Cognitive Abilities.

The study aimed to investigate the allocation of figurative language comprehension (FLC) within the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) model of cognitive abilities, using three newly developed tests: the Reverse Paraphrase Test (RPT), the Literal Paraphrase Test (LPT), and the Proverb Test (PT). The analysis of a sample of 909 participants revealed that the RPT and LPT measured a unidimensional construct of FLC, while the PT was excluded due to insufficient fit. Combining RPT and LPT items, various models were evaluated, with a bifactor S-1 model showing the best fit, indicating the influence of a general factor (representing FLC) and test-specific method factors. The study explored FLC allocation within the CHC model, supporting its consideration as a distinct factor under the g factor. Examining the nomological network, significant correlations emerged between the Intellectual Curiosity and Aesthetic Sensitivity facets of Openness and FLC, which were comparable in size to the relation with general ability. In conclusion, the study enhances the understanding of FLC within the CHC model, advocating its recognition as a distinct factor. Correlations with Openness facets suggest valuable insights into the interplay between cognitive abilities and personality, necessitating further research for a deeper exploration of this relation.

Octahedron in a Cubic Nanoframe: Strong Near-Field Focusing and Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering.

Here, we describe the synthesis of a plasmonic particle-in-a-frame architecture in which a solid Au octahedron is enclosed by a Au cubic nanoframe. The octahedra are positioned inside and surrounded by outer Au cubic nanoframes, creating intra-nanogaps within a single entity. Six sharp vertexes in the Au octahedra point toward the open (100) facets of the cubic nanoframes. This allows not only efficient interactions with the surroundings but also tip-enhanced electromagnetic near-field focusing at the sharp tips of the octahedra, combined with intraparticle coupling. The solid core-frame shell structure enhances near-field focusing, giving rise to a heightened concentration of "hot spots". This effect enables highly sensitive detection of 2-naphthalenethiol and thiram, indicating these substrates for use in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy-related applications.

Structure sensitivity in adsorbate-induced adatom formation on FCC transition-metal surfaces

Recent surface science discoveries reveal that adsorbates may induce in situ sub-nanometer cluster formation on transition-metal surfaces. To elucidate the structure sensitivity behind this phenomenon, we performed density functional theory calculations to construct an adatom formation energy database for eight fcc metals and 26 adsorbates commonly involved in catalytic reactions. We show that the adatom formation on (100) surfaces is generally easier than that on (111) surfaces. Many adsorbate/metal pairs exist, mostly on Pd, Ni, Rh, Pt, and Ir, for which adsorbates might induce adatom formation under near-ambient conditions on the (100) facet, but not on (111), highlighting the role of more open facets in adatom formation on metals intrinsically harder than Ag, Au, and Cu. Our study offers a new perspective towards understanding structure sensitivity in heterogeneous thermal- and electro-catalytic systems such as methane steam reforming, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, and ammonia decomposition.

A network analysis of disordered eating symptoms, big-five personality traits, and psychological distress in Chinese adults.

Previous studies have revealed associations between disordered eating symptoms, big-five personality traits, and psychological distress. However, limited research has explored these relationships as a network, including their interconnections, and even less has done so in non-Western populations. We employed network analysis to investigate the co-occurrence of disordered eating symptoms, big-five personality traits, and psychological distress in Chinese adults. A sample of 500 Chinese adults (256 men) completed measures assessing big-five personality traits, psychological distress, and disordered eating symptoms. The network of personality traits, psychological distress, and disordered eating symptoms was estimated, including its central and bridge nodes. The central nodes in the network were the facets of openness (like adventure), extraversion (like going to social and recreational parties), and disordered eating symptoms (dissatisfaction with body weight or shape). Moreover, certain facets of neuroticism (always worrying something bad will happen), psychological distress (feeling worthless), and an inverse facet of extraversion (bored by parties with lots of people) were identified as essential bridge nodes in maintaining the structure of the network. Our findings suggest that personality traits (e.g., openness and extraversion) and body dissatisfaction are important in maintaining the network in a community sample of Chinese adults. While future replication is needed, findings from this study suggest that individuals with negative self-thinking, predisposed neuroticism, and extraversion may be at risk of developing disordered eating symptoms. The present study contributes to existing knowledge by employing a network perspectiveto examine the associations between disordered eating symptoms, big-five personality traits, and psychological distress in a Chinese adult community sample. The identified facets of neuroticism and extraversion and symptoms of psychological distress may be worthy of targeting in the prevention and treatment of disordered eating in the Chinese context.

Evaluating how facets of openness to experience predict music preference

Listening to music is a widespread activity. Openness to experience in particular has been found to be one of the dimensions of personality that most consistently predicts music preference. However, the singular facets of openness to experience have never been looked at in depth. This study tried to uncover the impact of the openness-to-experience facets of both the five-factor (FFM) and HEXACO models of personality on music preference. A total of 374 college students completed two openness-to-experience measures (FFM and HEXACO) and one music preference measure (ratings of music excerpts). In line with Rentfrow and colleagues, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) suggested five dimensions of music preference. Dominance analysis (DA) was used to evaluate the relative importance of each facet in predicting music preference. It was observed that openness facets relate to music preference in ways that are not apparent when general openness to experience is used as a predictor of music preference.

Sequential spectrum sensing against random Byzantine attack in cognitive radio networks

AbstractCognitive radio (CR) technology allows secondary users (SUs) to opportunistically access the licensed spectrum being authorized by the primary users (PUs) and then improves the spectrum utilization. Cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) is an important component of cognitive radio (CR) technology to detect the PU signal via spatial diversity. However, due to the open facet of CR networks (CRNs), the CSS process may suffer from Byzantine attack where malicious users (MUs) falsify the status information about the PU signal and then cause harmful interference to the PU's communication or selfishly occupy spectrum resources. Otherwise, the cooperative paradigm also results in that multiple SUs need more time to detect the PU signal. The performance and efficiency of CSS will be further degraded due to these two reasons. For this aim, we propose sequential spectrum sensing (SSS) scheme to mitigate the negative impact of Byzantine attack and improve the cooperative efficiency. To this end, encouraged by in‐depth analysis of the blind problem, we formulate a random Byzantine attack model to follow the malicious behaviors from the perspective of MUs. In order to solve the blind problem in the process of the sensing sample fusion, a delivery evaluation mechanism is developed to lay solid foundation for SSS. On this basis, we further evaluate the reputation value (RV) within a sliding window and in order to improve the cooperative efficiency in the reporting stage, we dynamically select the sensing results of the more reliable SUs as the global decision to make a tradeoff between cooperative performance and cooperative efficiency. At last, extensive simulation results show that regardless of the malicious ratio, our proposed SSS only requires 6 samples to provide with 100% detection accuracy in the presence of always attack while also the remarkable performance in the presence of random attack when the malicious ratio exceeds 50%.

Plasmonic Double-Walled Nanoframes with Face-to-Face Nanogaps for Strong SERS Activity.

A synthesis method for plasmonic double-walled nanoframes was developed, where single-walled truncated octahedral nanoframes with (111) open facets and (100) solid flat planes are nested in a core-shell manner. By applying multiple chemical toolkits to Au cuboctahedrons as a starting template, Au double-walled nanoframes with controllable face-to-face nanogaps were successfully synthesized in high homogeneity in size and shape. Importantly, when the gap distance between inner and outer flat walled frames became closer, augmentation of electromagnetic near-field focusing was achieved, leading to generation of hot-zones, which was verified by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. The unique optical property of Au double-walled nanoframes with high structural intricacy was carefully investigated and the SERS substrates comprising Au double-walled nanoframes with the narrowest nanogaps exhibited much improved near-field enhancement toward strongly and/or weakly adsorbing analytes, allowing for gas phase detection in chemical warfare agents, which is a huge challenge in early warning systems.

The Relationship between Personality and Creative Self-Beliefs at Different Levels of Personality Hierarchy

In recent decades, research has shown that one set of individual factors contributing to creative self-beliefs are personality traits, with openness showing the strongest relationship. However, these associations have been studied at higher levels of the personality hierarchy and mostly in non-musician samples. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between personality (measured at factor and facet levels) and two types of creative self-beliefs, trait-like creative self-efficacy (tCSE) and creative personal identity (CPI), in a sample of a cappella singers. A total of 128 individuals (64% women) participated in the study. Participants were members of 18 conveniently sampled traditional Croatian a cappella groups. Personality factors and facets were measured with the BFI-2 questionnaire (Soto & John, 2017), while creative self-beliefs were measured with the Short Scale of Creative Self (Karwowski et al., 2018). At the factor level, openness had the highest correlation with both tCSE and CPI. At the facet level, the highest correlations with tCSE were found for creative imagination, an openness facet, and energy level, an extraversion facet, while with CPI for all openness facets, creative imagination, aesthetic sensitivity and intellectual curiosity. In linear regression analyses, the only significant predictors of CPI were openness at the factor level and creative imagination at the facet level. Significant predictors of tCSE were openness and neuroticism at the factor level and creative imagination and sociability at the facet level. Personality facets explained more variance in both types of creative self-beliefs than factors.

Imagination as a Facet of Openness/Intellect: A New Scale Differentiating Experiential Simulation and Conceptual Innovation

ABSTRACT Previous research has investigated the nature of imagination as a construct related to multiple forms of higher-order cognition. Despite the emergence of various conceptualizations of imagination, few attempts have been made to explore the structure of imagination as a trait in the context of existing hierarchically-nested personality dimensions. We present the Dual Facet Imagination Scale (DFIS) for measuring trait imagination that distinguishes between experiential simulation and conceptual innovation, aligned with the two major subfactors (aspects) of the Big Five dimension Openness/Intellect. In two samples (N = 210 & 5771), we provide evidence of a consistent factor structure distinguishing experiential and conceptual descriptions of imagination, as well as validity as measures of facets of Openness and Intellect. The DFIS provides a trait measure of two major forms of imagination in line with mainstream models of the hierarchical structure of personality.

Personality as a Predictor of Disability in Multiple Sclerosis.

As personality changes and personality disorders are frequently observed in multiple sclerosis (MS), personality may be a prognostic factor for this disease. The present study investigated the influence of personality on disability, progression, and treatment adherence in MS. Personality was assessed in 41 patients with Relapsing-Remitting MS (30 females; mean age = 42.63years) using the NEO Personality Inventory-3rd edition. Disability was measured with the Expanded Disability Status Scale, and treatment adherence information was collected from the Swiss MS Cohort. Correlation, multiple linear and partial least square regressions were performed to examine relations between personality, disability, and treatment adherence in MS. After accounting for age and time since disease onset, our analysis revealed that Neuroticism (β = 0.32, p = 0.01) and its Vulnerability facet (β = 0.28, p < 0.05) predicted greater disability, whereas Extraversion (β = -0.25, p = 0.04) and its Activity facet (β = -0.23, p < 0.05) predicted milder disability. Regarding disability progression, correlational analysis revealed that it was negatively correlated with Extraversion (r = -0.44, p = 0.02) and the Feelings facet of Openness (r = -0.41, p = 0.03), but regressions failed to highlight any predictive links. No significant results could be demonstrated for treatment adherence. Overall, our study showed that some personality traits can impact disability in MS, indicating that these should be considered in clinical practice, as they could be used to adapt and improve patients' clinical support.

Openness to experience and museum visits: Intellectual curiosity, aesthetic sensitivity, and creative imagination predict the frequency of visits to different types of museums

Museum visits have the potential to fascinate and inspire. Openness to experience is known to be related to people’s preferences regarding cultural activities such as visits to different types of museums. This study investigated how facets of openness to experience are related to the frequency of visits to different types of museums in a large sample of 4,541 museum visitors. Modeling facets of openness using the bifactor S − 1 model, we found that aesthetic sensitivity, intellectual curiosity, and creative imagination had differential associations with the frequency of visits to different types of museums. Our findings contribute to the understanding of how people behave in everyday environments and link personality to real-world behavior, highlighting the importance of personality facets.

Development and validation of an instrument to measure personality in adolescence: The HEXACO Medium School Inventory Extended (MSI-E).

In this paper, we aimed at developing and validating a novel instrument to evaluate personality in 10-14 years old adolescents with six basic traits, with two dedicated studies. In Study 1, we generated a large pool of items (384 items) from three basic items sources, which we administered to 714 Italian adolescents. Using principal component analysis (PCA) and extension factor analysis, we selected the best eight items for each facet, and so the best 32 items for each factor, except for the Unconventionality facet of Openness to Experience (O) for which we selected the best six items. This resulted in a total of 190 items. The 190-item HEXACO-MSI had very good levels of dimensional validity and reliability, but it fell short in containing 8 items for each facet (i.e., for Unconventionality) and in balancing normal and reversed items within each facet. Therefore, in a second study we added items to the scale and verified again the dimensionality and reliability with the goal of developing a final version of the scale. In Study 2, we administered a version of the HEXACO-MSI consisting of 219 items to 1175 Italian adolescents. Using principal component analysis (PCA), we selected the best eight items for each facet equally balanced between normal and reversed items within each facet and factor. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the six-factor structure and its invariance. The results showed that the HEXACO-MSI-E had a clear six-factor structure in adolescents, that was invariant across gender and across the three middle school classes, and was reliable. Finally, we established temporal stability of each factor in two measurements after one year. Together with the positive results of this contribution, we discussed some aspects for future studies.

PERSON-CENTERED APPROACH TO ORGANIZING A STUDY GROUP OF COMPUTER SCIENCE WITH GIFTED SCHOOLCHILDREN

In the article the main factors (dialogical, creative, professional and reflexive), the observance of which contributes to the productive implementation of a personally oriented approach, are analyzed. The authors have identified these factors as psychological and pedagogical prerequisites for the implementation of a personally-oriented approach to learning, providing assistance to students in order to improve their self-esteem, achievement of self-confidence, inspiration in the intellectual and emotional process of discovering his/her own personality (including traits) in the sphere of knowledge and development of talents. The article reveals the essence of the concept of "extracurricular activities" and distinguishes its advantages over the conventional school educational process. The authors emphasize that this type of activity allows to clearly reveal the needs of students, enables them to act in new social roles. The article determines that the most common group form of organization of extracurricular work is a circle (work group); the main types of circles in computer science are described and discussed. On the basis of experience of "Applied software" work group (circle) the authors have formulated the skills and abilities the pupils are to acquire during their extracurricular activities. The authors described the ways to implement a person-centered approach when organizing group work. The article concludes that the involvement of gifted students in various projects within the circle work helps them develop teamwork cooperation, deepen their knowledge and improve their skills in both computer science and other subjects, as well as to open new facets of knowledge concerning the surrounding world. In the long run pupils lean to adapt to different conditions of their future profession, as well as to perceive themselves as highly-qualified specialists.

The role of openness and cultural intelligence in students' intention to study abroad

PurposeHigher education performance is boosted through cross-border cooperation and increased transnational mobility of students. In addition, exchange students have better employability skills after staying abroad compared to the students' peers. A number of studies have investigated factors that determine whether a student studies abroad. In this study, the authors focused on the role of personality trait openness to experience and cultural intelligence (CI) in explaining Croatian students' experience with and/or intention to travel abroad for studying purposes.Design/methodology/approachThe authors analyzed results from 482 students (M = 22.61, standard deviation (SD) = 2.24, 66% female), of whom 35% reported that they studied abroad or intended to study abroad. They filled in The Cultural Intelligence Scale and openness facets items from the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP-300) questionnaire.FindingsThe authors conducted a hierarchical binary logistic regression analysis and found that students who were younger, had higher adventurousness and higher motivational CI were more likely to study abroad. Results of the mediation analysis showed that the association between openness to experience facet adventurousness and intention to study abroad was partially mediated by the motivational aspect of CI.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the better understanding of complex interrelations between personality traits and CI in the context of higher education internationalization processes. This study offers unique insight into the mediating role CI has in the association between personality and mobility behavior.