Open Treatment Of Condylar Fractures Research Articles

Extracorporealization of the Mandibular Condyle: Effects on Viability and Function.

For certain condylar fractures, extracorporealization of the condylar segment may be performed via extra-oral vertical ramus osteotomy (EVRO) to facilitate reduction and fixation. This approach can similarly be used for condyle-sparing resection of osteochondromas of the condyle. Due to controversy regarding long-term health of the condyle after extracorporealization, we conducted a retrospective analysis of surgical outcomes. For certain condylar fractures, extracorporealization of the condylar segment may be performed via extra-oral vertical ramus osteotomy (EVRO) to facilitate reduction and fixation. This approach can similarly be used for condyle-sparing resection of osteochondromas of the condyle. Due to controversy regarding long-term health of the condyle after extracorporealization, we investigated the viability of this technique through a retrospective analysis of outcomes. Twenty-six patients were treated using EVRO with extracorporealization of the condyle for both condylar fractures (18 patients) and osteochondroma (8 patients). Of the 18 trauma patients, 4 were excluded due to limited follow-up. Clinical outcomes were measured, including occlusion, maximum interincisal opening (MIO), facial asymmetry, incidence of infection, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain. Radiographic signs of condylar resorption were investigated, quantified, and categorized using panoramic imaging. Average follow-up was 15.9months. Average maximum interincisal opening was 36.8mm. Four patients demonstrated mild resorption and one patient demonstrated moderate resorption. Two cases of malocclusion were attributed to failed repairs of other concurrent facial fractures. Three patients reported TMJ pain. Extracorporealization of the condylar segment with EVRO to facilitate open treatment of condylar fractures is a viable treatment option when more conventional approaches prove unsuccessful.

Use of a Heister mouth gag as an aid to reduction in open treatment of condylar fracture.

The management of condylar fractures remains controversial. Open treatment of condylar fractures is a routine treatment in cases of displaced or dislocated condylar and subcondylar fractures. Because of the pull of the lateral pterygoid muscle, the condylar fragment is usually located anterior and medial to the mandible. Distraction of the mandible in an inferior direction simplifies proper reduction. Various distraction devices have been described in literature. We describe a technique of using the Heister mouth gag at the surgical site to aid in reduction of displaced dislocated condylar fractures.

Current Concepts in the Mandibular Condyle Fracture Management Part II: Open Reduction Versus Closed Reduction

In the treatment of mandibular condyle fracture, conservative treatment using closed reduction or surgical treatment using open reduction can be used. Management of mandibular condylar fractures remains a source of ongoing controversy in oral and maxillofacial trauma. For each type of condylar fracture,the treatment method must be chosen taking into consideration the presence of teeth, fracture height, patient'sadaptation, patient's masticatory system, disturbance of occlusal function, and deviation of the mandible. In the past, closed reduction with concomitant active physical therapy conducted after intermaxillary fixation during the recovery period had been mainly used, but in recent years, open treatment of condylar fractures with rigid internal fixation has become more common. The objective of this review was to evaluate the main variables that determine the choice of an open or closed method for treatment of condylar fractures, identifying their indications, advantages, and disadvantages, and to appraise the current evidence regarding the effectiveness of interventions that are used in the management of fractures of the mandibular condyle.

Pitfalls in Endoscopic Treatment of Mandibular Subcondylar Fractures

The facial trauma surgeon should be able to list indications for endoscopic treatment of mandibular condyle fractures and discuss the limitations and complications of the technique. The ideal treatment of mandibular subcondylar fractures continues to be debated. Acceptable results are often obtained with conservative measures such as mandibular maxillary fixation followed by elastics. On the other hand, an open approaches result in potential risk injury to the facial nerve. These 2 arguments have cautioned many surgeons from open treatment of condylar fractures. Recent advances in endoscopic techniques have made the mandibular condyle more accessible with less risk to the facial nerve. As with any new technique, endoscopic treatment of mandibular subcondylar fractures is not without its own limitations and complications. This was a retrospective case series. Three patients with mandibular subcondylar fractures with complications following endoscopic treatment were reviewed. There were a total of 4 condylar fractures (1 patient had bilateral fractures). There was 1 incidence of temporary facial nerve paresis, 1 failure of hardware positioning, 1 screw placement into the mandibular foramen, 2 condyles where adequate reduction of the fracture was impossible, and 1 failure to secure a screw into the proximal fracture segment. Endoscopic management of mandibular subcondylar fractures is a novel treatment with novel types of complications. Although promising, endoscopic treatment of mandibular subcondylar fractures should be approached prudently to avoid potential pitfalls.

The treatment of condylar fractures: to open or not to open? A critical review of this controversy

The treatment of condylar process fractures has generated a great deal of discussion and controversy in oral and maxillofacial trauma and there are many different methods to treat this injury. For each type of condylar fracture, the techniques must be chosen taking into consideration the presence of teeth, fracture height, patient's adaptation, patient's masticatory system, disturbance of occlusal function, deviation of the mandible, internal derangements of the temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) and ankylosis of the joint with resultant inability to move the jaw, all of which are sequelae of this injury. Many surgeons seem to favor closed treatment with maxillomandibular fixation (MMF), but in recent years, open treatment of condylar fractures with rigid internal fixation (RIF) has become more common. The objective of this review was to evaluate the main variables that determine the choice of method for treatment of condylar fractures: open or closed, pointing out their indications, contra-indications, advantages and disadvantages.

A comparison of MRI, radiographic and clinical findings of the position of the TMJ articular disc following open treatment of condylar neck fractures

We examined the position and function of the articular disc after open treatment of condylar fractures by comparing magnetic resonance images (MRI) and radiographs with clinical data. MRI and radiographs were taken after treatment of 28 patients with 33 fractures of the mandibular condyles. In all cases, the disc was located in the fossa after open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). The MRI, radiographic and clinical findings did not correlate, and damage to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) could be seen more clearly on MRI than on clinical or radiographic examination. Damage to soft tissues seen on MRI after treatment was more pronounced in dislocated than in displaced fractures.

Endoscopy-assisted open treatment of condylar fractures of the mandible: extraoral vs intraoral approach

Abstract.By using an endoscopy assisted extraoral and transoral approach for open reduction of condylar mandible fractures with limited incisions, the risk of facial nerve damage and extensive visible scars can be reduced. The endoscopy-assisted treatment of 17 consecutive patients with fractures of the condyle was performed from April 1998 to December 1999. Of the 17 patients, 13 presented with additional mandibular fractures. Nine of the 17 patients were treated by a submandibular approach and eight by a transoral approach. Adequate anatomic reduction was achieved by the submandibular and transoral approach using an endoscopy-assisted technique. The transoral approach proved to be a reliable surgical approach for fractures of the mandibular condyle, even when dislocation with lateral override was present. In four patients, angulated drills and screwdrivers facilitated the transoral treatment of condylar fractures. Transbuccal stab incisions and the use of trochars were not needed in these four patients. The extraoral approach was indicated for severely dislocated fractures such as fractures with medial override or comminution.

Fernandez, J. A., and Mathog, R. H. Open treatment of condylar fractures with biphase technique

Fernandez, J. A., and Mathog, R. H. Open treatment of condylar fractures with biphase technique

Open treatment of condylar fractures with biphase technique

Open treatment of condylar fractures with biphase technique