Open Model Research Articles

Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Modeling of the Immune-Enhancing Effect of Shikimic Acid in Growing Pigs.

Shikimic acid (SA), extracted from the fruit of shikimi-no-ki, is used both as a preservative in the food industry and as an intermediate for a variety of active ingredients with a wide range of pharmacological functions. A deeper understanding of the pharmacokinetic process of SA in pigs and its impact on humoral immunity could prove invaluable in facilitating its clinical application in veterinary and human medicine. The pharmacokinetic study employed a two-period, two-sequence, crossover design to animal experiments and developed a novel method of pig plasma preparation using water as an extractant and ionization promoter, followed by purification and enrichment on a MAX solid phase extraction (SPE) column. The results showed that SA is rapidly absorbed after intragastric administration (50 mg/kg BW), reaching a plasma Cmax of 10,823.44 ng/mL at 1.78 h, followed by rapid elimination, with a t1/2 of 1.81 h, consistent with a one-compartment model. The results for intravenous administration (2 mg/kg BW) were consistent with a two-compartment open model with a t1/2 of 3.66 h, with concentrations below the limit of quantification (LOQ) observed beyond 12 h postdose. The absolute bioavailability of SA in pigs was calculated to be 21.68%. Furthermore, the Pearson's correlation analysis demonstrated a strong positive correlation between SA concentration in pig plasma and the changes of C3, C4 and IgG, IgA, and IgM (0.6 < R < 1, P < 0.0001). A more detailed pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) modeling analysis of the intravenous group revealed the EC50/Cmax values of approximately 10%, with all γ values exceeding 3. This study was the inaugural investigation into the pharmacokinetics of SA in growing pigs, and it also revealed that SA has the potential to act as an immunopotentiator.

Predicting Entrepreneurial Success in the Digital Economy Using Machine Learning Techniques

The features of intelligent entrepreneurship as it becomes a social phenomenon in national economies and the effects of this phenomenon on the economy are explored in this paper. There is evidence that the environment of modern entrepreneurship is associated with intellectual, informative, and creative pursuits. Redefining "intelligent entrepreneurship" and "talent management" is a necessary step in improving both terms. Value of human capital, or the chance for an individual to make use of their inherent intelligence, is at the heart of intelligent business. According to studies, the best course of action for national economies is to adopt open innovation models. In order to create and efficiently apply intelligent potential—which assures the expansion of the national economy—it is necessary to enhance the efficacy of scientific, educational, and innovative systems. The groundwork for entrepreneurial intelligence has been laid in view of the present status of the digital revolution in the economy.

Current Models of Innovation and Market Strategies in Pharmaceutical Development: A Comprehensive Review

This paper examines innovative models and market strategies in the pharmaceutical industry, highlighting how these innovations shape drug development, market dynamics, and public health outcomes. Pharmaceutical innovation spans product enhancements, process efficiencies, and organizational and marketing transformations, all aimed at improving patient outcomes and healthcare access. The methodology explored comprehensive literature review, focusing on recent developments in pharmaceutical innovation, drug marketing practices, and regulatory frameworks. Primary sources include scholarly articles from Google Scholar, ResearchGate, Scopus, and Web of Science, as well as industry reports and case studies from leading pharmaceutical firms. Key strategies explored include product and process innovations that make medications more effective and accessible, as well as open innovation models, which promote collaboration and cost-sharing in research. The review underscores the ethical and regulatory complexities of the industry, from patient-centered marketing to the rise of biosimilars. Future directions in pharmaceutical innovation, such as artificial intelligence and precision medicine, are presented as transformative tools for advancing personalized healthcare. These advancements reflect the sector's ongoing response to regulatory demands, economic pressures, and global health challenges, positioning the pharmaceutical industry as a crucial driver of public health and economic sustainability.

The rise of predatory publishing and journals.

Predatory publishing is a practice where businesses offer illegitimate and unethical publishing where an open access model is generally used with very little or no peer review at all. These publishers also charge high fees for article processing without the standard editorial or publishing standards for scientific disciplines. Predatory journals are an increasing phenomenon in dentistry, as in any healthcare academic publishing. This can mean poor-quality or false research is given false legitimacy and becomes available for dissemination and public consumption. They can be seen as an easy route to publish any work, particularly by junior colleagues who are trying to advance their academic careers. This article discusses the features and issues with predatory publishing while also highlighting the importance of ensuring healthcare literature remains credible, reputable and trustworthy.

Special issues: The roles of special issues in scholarly communication in a changing publishing landscape

AbstractThis paper aims to enhance the understanding of the role of special issues in the evolving landscape of academic publishing, offering insights for publishers, editors, guest editors, and researchers, including how new technologies influence transparency in publishing processes, open access models, and metrics for success. Based upon original analysis, the paper also discusses the importance of special issues and opportunities to support diversity, equity, and inclusivity in special issue publishing programmes. The goal is to contribute to the discussion of maintaining research integrity through special issues, acknowledging their significance in scholarly communication, while offering suggestions for the future.

Boundedness of Differential of Symplectic Vortices in Open Cylinder Model

Let G be a compact connected Lie group, (X,ω,μ) a Hamiltonian G-manifold with moment map μ, and Z a codimension-2 Hamiltonian G-submanifold of X. We study the boundedness of the differential of symplectic vortices (A,u) near Z, where A is a connection 1-form of a principal G-bundle P over a punctured Riemann surface Σ˚, and u is a G-equivariant map from P to an open cylinder model near Z. We show that if the total energy of a family of symplectic vortices on Σ˚≅[0,+∞)×S1 is finite, then the A-twisted differential dAu(r,θ) is uniformly bounded for all (r,θ)∈[0,+∞)×S1.

Evaluation of open collaborative practice teaching reform based on students satisfaction: Public health practice courses integrating medicine, teaching, and research in Yunnan province, China

To address gaps in practical skills among Public Health and Preventive Medicine graduates, an ‘open collaborative practice teaching model’ integrating medicine, teaching, and research was introduced. A cross-sectional study surveyed 312 Preventive Medicine undergraduates at a Yunnan medical university from 2020 to 2023, utilizing satisfaction scores and analyses (cluster, factor, SWOT) to assess the impact of the reform. Satisfaction scores from baseline, mid-term, and end-term assessments showed minor variations (4.30, 4.29, 4.36), with dissatisfaction primarily related to teaching content and methods. Key influences on satisfaction included teaching content, methods, and effectiveness. The SWOT analysis highlighted the importance of continuously updating teaching strategies to meet changing student expectations. This study suggests that the model has the potential for wider use in enhancing public health education, particularly in regions facing similar challenges.

Open innovation between university-industry: A review of research trends and practices

This study aims to review papers on open innovation in the university by examining the research profile, open innovation form and the process underpinning, key variables used, and suggestions for potential future studies. This study conducted an analysis of 71 relevant articles among 2.759 obtained from Web of Science and Scopus databases. Content analysis was used to identify significant research concerns and gaps that could be addressed in future studies. This study offers the intersection of open innovation-focused university domains. This paper proposes a conceptual open innovation model in university settings by mapping key characteristics and identifying relevant areas for future research.

Diagnostics-LLaVA

The recent advancements in the area of Large language models (LLMs) has opened horizons for conversational assistant-based intelligent models capable of interpreting images, and providing textual response, also known as Visual language models (VLMs). These models can assist equipment operators and maintenance technicians in the complex Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) tasks such as diagnostics of faults, root cause analysis and repair recommendation. Significant open source contributions in the area of VLMs have been made. However, models trained on general data fail to perform well in complex tasks in specialized domains such as diagnostics and repair of industrial equipment. Therefore, in this paper we discuss our work on development of Diagnostics-LLaVA, a VLM suitable for interpreting images of specific industrial equipment and provide better response than existing open source models in PHM tasks such as fault diagnostics and repair recommendation. We introduce Diagnostics-LLaVA based on the architecture of LLaVA, and created one instance of the Diagnostics-LLaVA for the automotive repair domain, referred to as Automotive-LLaVA. We demonstrate that our proposed Automotive-LLaVA model performs better than the state-of-the-art open source visual language models such as mPlugOWL and LLaVA in both qualitative and quantitative experiments.

Modeling and Simulation of Thermal Effects on Electrical Behavior in Lithium-Ion Cells

Thermal effects exert a crucial influence on the electrical behavior of lithium-ion batteries, significantly impacting key parameters such as the open circuit voltage curve, internal impedance, and cell degradation rate. Furthermore, these effects may give rise to electrolyte loss, resulting in a reduction in capacity. The cycling of batteries inherently generates internal heat, establishing a direct relationship between cell temperature and power demand. This article aims to provide a methodology to model electrothermal relations and temperature influence on electrical behavior in lithium-ion cells, as well as a simulation of extended cell operation under arbitrary power loads, presenting a novel approach not previously explored. It does this by considering three models: the Bernardi model for heat generation within the cell, a thermal lumped model for the cell’s temperature, and the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann model for the capacity change as a function of temperature. These models are then connected to a state-of-the-art open circuit voltage model of a cell, providing a connection from the thermal world back into the electrical world. Experiments with different power demands occur on the simulation, including estimation of thermal parameters with relative errors under 1%, visualizing the effects of the integrated models and potential for real-cell applications.

Flexibility and sensitivity in gene regulation out of equilibrium

Cells adapt to environments and tune gene expression by controlling the concentrations of proteins and their kinetics in regulatory networks. In both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, experiments and theory increasingly attest that these networks can and do consume biochemical energy. How does this dissipation enable cellular behaviors forbidden in equilibrium? This open question demands quantitative models that transcend thermodynamic equilibrium. Here, we study the control of simple, ubiquitous gene regulatory networks to explore the consequences of departing equilibrium in transcription. Employing graph theory to model a set of especially common regulatory motifs, we find that dissipation unlocks nonmonotonicity and enhanced sensitivity of gene expression with respect to a transcription factor's concentration. These features allow a single transcription factor to act as both a repressor and activator at different concentrations or achieve outputs with multiple concentration regimes of locally enhanced sensitivity. We systematically dissect how energetically driving individual transitions within regulatory networks, or pairs of transitions, generates a wide range of more adjustable and sensitive phenotypic responses than in equilibrium. These results generalize to more complex regulatory scenarios, including combinatorial control by multiple transcription factors, which we relate and often find collapse to simple mathematical behaviors. Our findings quantify necessary conditions and detectable consequences of energy expenditure. These richer mathematical behaviors-feasibly accessed using biological energy budgets and rates-may empower cells to accomplish sophisticated regulation with simpler architectures than those required at equilibrium.

An improved frequency domain model for floating offshore wind turbines

Abstract A cost- and time-efficient design evaluation tool can assist the FOWT industry in evaluating many different concepts. An open source frequency domain model for FOWT applications shows promising results for the integral, coupled response, but clear differences to higher fidelity time-domain studies are observed. In this work, the hydrodynamic modelling is improved by using a potential flow diffraction code, and the implementation of the floating feedback mechanism has been improved. Attempts have been made to improve the mooring system modelling by implementing a lumped mass approach, and to include the excitation of a turbulent wind spectrum. A good match in the system’s motion responses is obtained in the wave frequent range when compared to time-domain results. At lower frequencies, the excitation from the turbulent wind spectrum remains to be improved on. At higher frequencies, the mooring line modelling is to be improved for reliable results. For both effects, a clear outline is set up to improve in future work. The current model is capable of accurately modelling fully coupled wave-frequent motions in combined wind-wave environments in an efficient manner. When the suggested improvements are incorporated in future work, it is expected that a good match in the low- and high-frequency ranges can be obtained as well, allowing to study the full motion- and mooring tension response. Finally the tool will give developers and designers the opportunity to evaluate a large amount of designs in a cost and time efficient manner.

Parameter instabilities and monetary policy in a small open economy: Evidence from an estimated model for the UK

This paper reconsiders whether monetary policy in small open economies responds to exchange rates by studying possible parameter instabilities in a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium model. The main focus of the paper is to revisit preceding evidence on the response to exchange rate movements by the Bank of England and determine if its reaction function has remained constant throughout the sample. To this end, I estimate a small open economy general equilibrium model using Bayesian econometric techniques over rolling windows. I find overwhelming evidence of shifts in several parameters, including those related to the policy rule. Furthermore, posterior odds tests reveal a time-varying response to exchange-rate fluctuations by the monetary authorities. The results favor the model with the nominal exchange rate embedded in the policy rule for the initial subsamples. However, the evidence steadily evolves across windows and ultimately changes to prefer the model specification with no exchange rate. The paper also documents evident variations in the model dynamics derived from the instability of parameters via rolling-window impulse response functions and variance decomposition analysis.

Asset bubbles and financial frictions in small open economies☆

Financial cycles involving asset bubbles frequently coincide with the cyclical expansion and contraction of credit conditions. The collapse of asset and credit bubbles frequently precedes financial crises and economic recessions. We develop a small open economy DSGE model that incorporates asset bubbles and banking frictions. Credit-constrained firms trade in intrinsically useless bubble assets. Financial intermediaries, constrained by their balance sheets, introduce banking friction into financial markets. The static analysis suggests that increases in foreign interest rates unfavorably impact the formation of domestic bubbles. Dynamic analysis indicates that asset bubbles amplify macroeconomic fluctuations, with banking leverage constraints intensifying this effect. Therefore, asset bubbles amplify and propagate economic fluctuations. Unconventional monetary policy, macroprudential policy, and bubbly bailout policy could mitigate the amplification effects of banking leverage constraints and asset bubble bursts on macroeconomic fluctuations, which are mediated through reducing risk premiums, curbing capital outflows, and sustaining asset bubble channels, respectively. Finally, combining unconventional monetary policies with bubbly bailout policies and macroprudential policies yields superior outcomes.

The Evolution of Powell Basin (Antarctica)

Powell Basin is an ocean basin formed as a result of the Scotia Sea evolution. The existing tectonic models propose a variety of starting and ending ages for the spreading of the basin based on seafloor magnetic anomalies. Here, we use recent magnetic field data obtained from eight magnetic profiles in Powell Basin to provide insights into the oceanic spreading evolution. The differences found between the number of anomalies on both sides of the axis and the asymmetry in the spreading rates suggest different opening models for different parts of the basin. We propose a spreading model starting in the late Eocene (38.08 Ma) and ending in the early Miocene (21.8 Ma) for the northern part of Powell Basin. For the southern part, the opening started in the late Eocene (38.08 Ma) and ended in the middle Paleogene (25.2 Ma). The magnetic data have been combined with gravity and sediment thickness data to better constrain the age models. The gravity and sediment thickness information allow us to more accurately locate the position of the extinct spreading axis. Geothermal heat flow measurements are used to understand the relationship between the low amplitudes of the magnetic anomalies and the heat beneath them. Our proposed oceanic spreading models suggest that the initial incursions of the Pacific mantle outflow into the Powell Basin occurred in the Oligocene, and the initial incursions of oceanic currents from the Weddell Sea occurred in the Eocene.

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease among Students In A Selected Arts College of Durg, Chhattisgarh (State)

Coronary artery disease is an obstructed blood flow through the coronary arteries to the heart muscles. The primary cause of coronary artery disease is atherosclerosis. The term acute coronary syndrome is used to encompass the continuum of coronary artery disease. Coronary artery disease is most prevalent type of cardiovascular disease in adults, more death occurs in middle aged adults. In India, even younger age group are prone to get heart disease due to their health damaging life style. This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme on knowledge regarding prevention of coronary artery disease among students in a selected arts college of Durg, Chhattisgarh (State) The conceptual framework used in this study was based on J.W.Kenney’s open system model. A quantitative approach was used for the present study. Using purposive sampling technique,60 arts students were selected and video assisted teaching given after pre-test. Followed by that post test was conducted on day 7, the collected data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The overall analysis of prevention of coronary artery disease the mean post-test knowledge score of the subjects 28.07 is higher than the mean pre-test knowledge score 18.17. Thecalculated‘t’ value 19.769nis greater than of table value (1.984) at 0.001 level of significance. This indicates that video assited teaching programme was effective in gaining knowledge regarding the prevention of coronary artery disease. The association between socio demographic variables with pre-test knowledge score significance (p&lt;0.001) was tested. Based on the findings indicate that there is a significant difference between pre-test and post-test knowledge score on prevention of coronary artery disease in a selected arts college students at Durg.

Strengthening Policies for Education, Innovation, and Digitization Through Teacher Training: Evaluating ProFuturo’s Open Model in Ecuador

Teacher training and a commitment to innovation in teaching are determining factors in the success of technology adoption processes. This article presents a study on the opportunities produced through the collaboration of the Ecuadorian Ministry of Education and the ProFuturo program, which arose during the COVID-19 pandemic. This collaboration resulted in the improvement of digital competency among teachers and pupils and in transference to educational practise. It also strengthened the existing limited capabilities for developing mass training programs for teachers in the country. The research was conducted through an online survey, with a cross-sectional, quantitative, and non-experimental focus from two data sources. A total of 3,565 teachers answered the digital survey for teachers trained using the Open Model in Ecuador between 2020 and 2022. On the other hand, 7,257 teachers answered the ProFuturo Self-Assessment of Digital Skills of Teachers (https://competencyassessment.profuturo.education/?lang=en). The results show an improvement in the competency of teachers following their participation in the program and confirm that they considered digital transformation in the classroom to be of great utility. Teacher training remains a cornerstone of high-quality education and research as this contribution proves a positive impact on learning experiences, where there was a significant transference, driven by an improvement in digital skills applied to the teaching process.

Greenhouse Gas Emission Estimation Using Extended Input–Output Tables for Thailand’s Biomass Pellet Industry

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from Thailand’s biomass pellet production were comprehensively assessed, with a specific focus on wood and corn pellets. Employing the extended input and output tables, the anticipated economic and environmental effects of the rising demand for biomass pellets within the Asia–Pacific Economic Cooperation region, which is projected to see an increase exceeding 33% by the year 2050, were investigated. The estimations of CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions, which were conducted utilizing an open Leontief model based on the 2015 National Input–Output Tables, covered each stage of the production process. The results show that emissions from the production of corn pellets are expected to rise steadily, from 52.91 MtCO2e in 2022 to 75.77 MtCO2e by 2030, whereas emissions from wood pellet production are set to increase more substantially, from 210.30 to 301.18 MtCO2e within the same timeframe. Data derived from surveys and interviews with corn farmers and wood pellet manufacturers informed the lifecycle data for the biomass pellet supply chain from cradle to gate. The findings suggest that Thailand’s power sector could benefit significantly from the biomass potential in the northern part of Thailand, which boasts an estimated energy content of corncob at 39 ktoe (0.0016 TJ). Market demand scenarios were explored in two forms: one where it was assumed that all biomass pellets are to be exported to Japan and South Korea, expecting a combined demand of approximately 560,262 tons by 2030, and another positing that 10% of production will be reserved for the domestic market, with a forecasted annual increase of 10% from 2020 to 2050. This paper highlights the need to prioritize low-emission renewable energy sources, expand technologies with lower lifecycle emissions, optimize the biomass supply chain to enhance efficiency, and introduce sustainable energy practices. The detailed GHG emissions analysis provides critical insights for policy formulation, underscoring the importance of sustainable transitions in the context of increasing biomass demand.

Modelling the Sea Surface of Cardigan Bay

The aim of this project was to model the sea surface of Cardigan Bay, to be able to expand upon QinetiQ’s current wave models, used within their radar assurance activities. The sea surface can cause unwanted detections, which is referred to as clutter. The sea is not the only source of clutter such as litter and birds, have an impact on the returns detected by the radar. This project explored two different approaches, modelling the propagation of waves and modelling the distribution of energy across the sea surface. The first approach explored two open source models, WAVEWATCH III and SWAN, and after having technical errors, two real world, existing examples of where these models were implemented were researched. This research showed a lot of promise, and would be worth expanding upon. The second approach looked into two recognised equations for calculating the energy density of the waves, and then calculating the significant wave height. Overall, modelling the propagation of waves would produce more representative results, particularly SWAN which was a model designed for coastal waters, however to set up the wave models fell outside of the scope of this project.

OBE-based Lab Opening Model Construction in Navigation Technology

Carried by the opening of maritime technological laboratories, depended upon technical means of informationalization, we try to realize the intellectual opening of laboratories. Meanwhile, we also, by the means of establishing scientific and high-efficient opening management systems, carry out classified and storied opening pattern, and implement the connotation of Obe concept, integrate OBE concept into the talent cultivation of navigation technology so as to fully develop the educating effect of professional laboratories and assis in the high-level talent cultivation in navigation technology.