Open-end Winding Induction Motor Research Articles

ANN-Based Improved Direct Torque Control of Open-End Winding Induction Motor

ANN-Based Improved Direct Torque Control of Open-End Winding Induction Motor

Acoustic Noise Mitigation in Slip Angle Controlled DTC of Open-End Winding Induction Motor Drive Using Dual Randomized AISPWM for EV Application

Low vibration and acoustical noise as well as effective DC link usage are the demands of industries and Electric Vehicles (EV). Direct Torque Control (DTC) of Induction Motors (IMs) meet the EV and other modern industry requirements. Still, flux as well as torque swings lead to higher acoustical noise. Consequently, EVs as well as working place noise have become major concerns, affecting the health of individuals. Efficiency of dc link use is improved by Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM). Yet, SVPWM is not efficient in lowering acoustical noise. Different RPWM techniques can lower acoustic noise. Still, the lower degree of randomisation makes the noise reduction difficult. This work presents a Hybrid Dual Random PWMs (HDRPWMs) based Alternate Inverter Switching (AIS) strategy for Slip-Angle Controlled Direct Torque Control of an Open End Winding IM Drive (OEWIMD). This technique is aimed to lower the acoustical noise for EVs. The intended PWMs seek to show how well HDRRPWMs distribute the acoustical noise spectra in contrast to conventional techniques.

Evaluation of Reduced Torque Ripple in Dodecagonal Voltage Space Vector PWM Fed Open-End Winding Induction Motor Drive

Evaluation of Reduced Torque Ripple in Dodecagonal Voltage Space Vector PWM Fed Open-End Winding Induction Motor Drive

Slip angle control based DTC of open-end winding induction motor drive using dual randomized decoupled PWM for acoustic noise mitigation in EV application

Slip angle control based DTC of open-end winding induction motor drive using dual randomized decoupled PWM for acoustic noise mitigation in EV application

A hybrid methodology based battery power management and torque control of open-end winding induction motor drive for electric vehicles

This paper proposes a hybrid strategy for an isolated battery-powered induction motor drive with two stages fed by an inverter and open-end winding, designed for electric vehicle applications. The hybrid approach, termed EOO-RERNN, combines the Eurasian Oystercatcher Optimizer (EOO) and Recalling Enhanced Neural Network methods. RERNN predicts the control pulses generated by EOO, which are utilized to control the voltage source inverter (VSI) switches. The system comprises dual motors, two battery packs (BPs), and VSIs supplying power to both the rear motor (RM) and front motor (FM). The primary objective of the EOO-RERNN technique is to regulate each DC-link's power share to maintain equilibrium in the electric vehicle's charge. Direct Torque Control (DTC) is employed due to its quick and precise torque response and tolerance for parameter variations. Proper tuning is required to control the state of charge battery level. The EOO-RERNN method is implemented in the Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB) platform, with performance contrasted to other methods such as Wild Horse Optimizer (WHO), Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA), and Heap-Based Optimizer (HBO). Simulation results indicate a motor speed of 4850 rpm for the EOO-RERNN method.

TECHNIQUE DE CONTRÔLE INTÉGRÉE OPTIMISÉE POUR VAUTOUR AFRICAIN POUR APPLICATION DE POMPE À MOTEUR À INDUCTION À ENROULEMENT OUVERT À ALIMENTATION PV

Open-end winding induction motors (OEWIM) have gained much attention, and they are used for solar photovoltaic (PV) fed pumping applications as a compromise alternative to multi-level inverters. Solar irradiance conditions further exacerbate the nonlinear control problem, resulting in significant loss of power and low reliability, which affects motor operation. To overcome these issues, this paper presents an optimized integrated control technique-based PV integrated three-level dual inverter fed Open-end winding induction motors for pumping application. An integrated African vulture optimization algorithm and scalar coupled pulse width modulation (AVO-SCPWM) based control techniques are proposed to extract the maximum power from the solar PV source and control the induction motor pump. Here, the AVO-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique adjusts the modulation index (ma) by insolation and temperature. The proposed technique balances the zero-sequence current, reduces THD, and reduces the switching losses over the inverter. The proposed work is evaluated in MATLAB/Simulink software and compared with the existing conventional induction motor (IM), Conventional OEWIM Drive, and scalar decoupled PWM-based IM techniques under two climatic conditions. Thus, the simulation results demonstrate that the proposed technique accomplishes better than the existing techniques.

A Variable Speed Induction Motor Drive With 24-Stepped Voltage Waveform Throughout Modulation Range

Multi-level inverters produce low order harmonics in over-modulation region, which can be eliminated by generating polygonal space vector structure. A variable speed induction motor drive to generate 24-stepped voltage waveform throughout modulation range is proposed in this article. An open-end winding configuration induction motor (OEIM) is fed with primary and secondary inverter from both the ends of OEIM and generates a 24-stepped phase voltage. The proposed scheme also produces 96-stepped phase voltage waveform at extreme modulation index with highly suppressed higher order harmonics and excellent quality phase voltage. The motor terminal sees a 24-stepped waveform at all speeds, devoid of low order harmonics up to <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$19^{th}$</tex-math></inline-formula> order. The scheme does not require vector timing calculation due to availability of highly dense 24-sided polygonal structure. Primary and secondary inverters are derived by cascading flying capacitor and CHB cells. Experimental verifications are performed on in-house developed laboratory prototype. Motor phase voltage and phase current waveforms during steady state and transient conditions justifies performance of the proposed scheme. Dynamic performance and floating capacitors voltage balancing method are verified by experimental results.

ANN Assisted Improved Duty-DTC Algorithm for Open-End Winding Induction Motor Drive

ANN Assisted Improved Duty-DTC Algorithm for Open-End Winding Induction Motor Drive

Acoustical Noise Mitigation in Slip Angle Controlled DTC of Open-End Winding Induction Motor Drive Using AISPWM Based Triple Randomization Scheme for EV Application

Acoustical Noise Mitigation in Slip Angle Controlled DTC of Open-End Winding Induction Motor Drive Using AISPWM Based Triple Randomization Scheme for EV Application

Optimising direct torque control with battery power management for open-end winding induction motor drive in electric vehicles using the light spectrum optimiser algorithm

Optimising direct torque control with battery power management for open-end winding induction motor drive in electric vehicles using the light spectrum optimiser algorithm

Dual Motor Power Sharing Control for Electric Vehicles With Battery Power Management

Induction motor powertrains are emerging as a cost-effective option for high-power electric vehicles (EVs). A differential four-wheel drive (D4WD) EV based on two open end winding induction motor (OEWIM) propulsion is presented in this paper. Each OEWIM is driven by two 2-level voltage source inverters (VSI) with two isolated battery packs as the source. The proposed drive control algorithm integrates the uniform state-of-charge (SoC) distribution and fault-tolerant operation. A two-stage look-up table (LUT) based direct torque control (DTC) scheme is proposed to balance the SoC of batteries by selecting the suitable redundant VSI voltage vectors. The proposed LUT-DTC scheme is less sensitive to variations in motor parameters and provides excellent steady-state and transient performance. The results show the superiority of the proposed controller in terms of battery SoC balancing. The performance of the EV drive with the proposed LUT-DTC is validated by both simulation and laboratory experiments for the FTP75 and HFET driving cycles under different operating modes under normal and fault conditions. The dual motor driven D4WD with the proposed LUT-DTC is found to achieve 89.2% efficiency.

Overmodulation Strategies for an Open-End Winding Induction Motor Drive With a Floating Capacitor Bridge

This paper considers a 3-phase induction motor with open-end windings fed by a primary bridge connected to the main power source and a floating bridge. The floating bridge supplies the motor with the required reactive power, while the primary inverter only exchanges active power with the main power source. This greatly extends the speed range over which the drive can operate at rated power. To further utilize the input power source, the primary inverter can work in the overmodulation region, and the floating bridge, acting as a harmonic compensator, improves the quality of the current flowing through the motor phases. Also, the paper includes some considerations on the sizing of the floating capacitor. Three different overmodulation techniques are evaluated and compared in terms of peak torque/power and efficiency. The highest performance is obtained when the main inverter generates a six-step voltage waveform, which increases motor power by almost 20% and ensures a broader speed range at maximum efficiency.

Reduction of Spurious Switching in Direct Vector Quantized Space Vector Pulse Density Modulation Scheme for Multilevel Inverters

A generalized online switching scheme for multi-level inverter based on Direct Vector Quantized Space Vector Pulse Density Modulation (DVQSVPDM) suitable for adjustable speed drive is proposed in this article. The existing DVQSVPDM schemes have spurious switching as the voronoi region is determined from integrated error vector of Sigma Delta Modulator (SDM). This results in high Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of Common Mode Voltage (CMV) at lower modulation index. In the proposed DVQSVPDM the nearest three space vectors to the reference vector forms the triangular voronoi region. The integrated error vector of SDM is quantized to its nearest space vector in the voronoi region to generate the switching vectors. This reduces spurious switching associated with DVQSVPDM schemes and improves the performance at lower modulation index by reducing THD of CMV. The proposed scheme works for all n-level inverter topologies and the computations required remain same irrespective of level of inverter. Redundant states of switching vectors are not considered for switching which results in the discontinuous nature of proposed scheme. The performance of proposed DVQSVPDM is compared with space vector based modulation schemes and third harmonic injected sine PWM scheme and the results are presented. The proposed scheme is experimentally validated for a 3hp open end winding induction motor fed with three-level inverters on both sides.

Hybrid-Clamping SVPWM Scheme for a Four-Level Open-End Winding Induction Motor Drive

An open-end winding arrangement is fed with two typical 2-level voltage source inverters (VSIs) on either side to accomplish multilevel inversion. Two voltage source modules (VSIs) DC-link voltages are kept at a 2:1 ratio to realize the open-end winding induction motor (OEW-IM) power circuit’s four-level configuration. However, the higher DC-link voltage capacitor overcharges its lower DC-link voltage counterpart in the 4-level power circuit configuration. This article proposes a new hybrid-clamping space vector PWM (SVPWM) approach to prevent overcharging. Based on the sample moment, the suggested SVPWM technique clamps one inverter and switches to another inverter. Additionally, it clamps one of the inverter’s switching phases. The proposed PWM method has been found to reduce switching power loss in contrast to earlier SVPWM methods. The proposed SVPWM scheme for the 4-level OEW-IM drive is tested and verified using an experimental laboratory setup.

A simple duty cycle control technique to minimize torque ripple in open-end winding induction motor

Modern electric vehicles (EVs) that drive an induction motor (IM) fed by a traction inverter are fast gaining popularity due to their simple configuration and robustness. The direct torque control (DTC) technique is one of the best control methods to drive the IM, especially in open-end winding configurations, as it offers more voltage vectors. However, the existence of hysteresis controllers and improper switching technique causes larger torque ripples that leads to variable switching frequency. The study will be focused on the open-end winding induction motor where the direct current (DC) power is fed from both sides of the stator windings using the dual inverter configuration. To minimize the torque ripples, a simple switching technique using the duty cycle control method is proposed by injecting a high-frequency square wave into the default inverter switching status to form the new pattern of voltage vectors. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is tested through MATLAB/Simulink software and validated experimentally with a lab-scale setup using a dSPACE controller. The findings show that the proposed method reduces torque ripple by over 50% while keeping the DTC's simple structure.

Experimental Investigation of Decoupled Discontinuous PWM Strategies in Open-End Winding Induction Motor Supplied by a Common DC-Link

Currently open-end winding induction motors fed by a dual inverter (OEWIM-DI) present an innovative approach to enhance the performance of modern electric drive systems; such as electrical vehicles and electric aircraft applications. However, the dual inverter topology requires a proper switching control strategy to enable the OEWIM drive to fully achieve its performance. This work aims to investigate experimentally the impact of different Decoupled Discontinuous Pulse Width Modulation (DDPWM) control strategies on the performance of the OEWIM-DI supplied by a common DC-link. The criteria performance adopted in this study are: (i) the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of the current and voltage, (ii) the Zero Sequence Voltage (ZSV), (iii) the Common Mode Voltage (CMV), and (iv) the dual inverters losses. The various DDPWM control schemes for the 1.5 kW OEWIM-DI motor drive are implemented on a dSPACE 1104 board and the results are compared with the popular and widely used Space-Vector PWM (SVPWM) strategy. From the results, it can be concluded that the optimised DDPWM technique gives the best performance. This technique has reduced the CMV by one level and reduce the losses by 50% while having the same THD and ZSV obtained with the SVPWM technique.

Performance Comparison of Electric Drives for Chopping/Shredding Sugarcane in Sugar Industry

A performance comparison of the conventional slip ring induction motor (SRIM) drive and the recently inducted variable frequency drive (VFD) in the sugar industry, for sugarcane preparation (chopping/ shredding of sugarcane), is carried out to assess their effectiveness and to explore better electric drives for the application. These high inertial machines demand high starting torque and mitigating means to reduce surge load due to the impact load imposed on them. Though, both the drives meet the requirement but the SRIM drives are subjected to huge slip power loss, low power factor, unequal load sharing problem for coupled motors and high drop in rpm, whereas VFDs are subjected to the problems of input current harmonics, high dV/dt stress and common-mode voltage (CMV). In this paper, along with the performance comparison a three/four-level multilevel inverter (MLI) fed open-end winding induction motor (OEWIM) drive is also proposed as an improvement over the existing ones.

An Improved Sensorless Nonlinear Control Based on SC-MRAS Estimator of Open-End Winding Five-Phase Induction Motor Fed by Dual NPC Inverter: Hardware-in-the-Loop Implementation

This paper introduces a sensorless nonlinear control scheme based on feedback linearization control (FLC) of an open-end winding five-phase induction motor (OeW-5PIM) topology fed by a dual neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter. The suggested sensorless control is combined with the sliding mode (SM) controller to improve the dynamic performance (i.e., rising time, overshoot, etc.) of the studied motor. Furthermore, a stator-current-based model reference adaptive system (SC-MRAS) estimator is designed for the estimation of the rotor flux and the motor speed. In parallel, to enhance the robustness of the designed sensorless control against motor parameter changes, an adaptive estimation method is suggested to estimate the rotor and stator resistances during low-speed ranges. The estimation method of motor resistances is associated with the suggested sensorless control to further improve the speed estimation accuracy and minimize the speed estimation error. Finally, the effectiveness and correctness of the suggested control with the examined estimators are validated in real-time implementation using a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) based on the dSpace 1103 board.

Computationally Efficient Model-Free Predictive Control of Zero-Sequence Current in Dual Inverter Fed Induction Motor

A model-free predictive zero-sequence current (ZSC) control is presented in this article for the dual-inverter-fed open-end winding induction motor (OEWIM). The proposed method is performed in a cascaded finite set predictive control approach to decrease the computational burden. In the proposed method, a state observer estimates the ZSC and its disturbances. The estimated ZSC is suppressed by a disturbance rejecting control loop that produces the reference of common-mode voltage (CMV). As a benefit, the motor parameters have not appeared in this process, which improves the robustness of the whole control system. To reduce the computational burden, the model-free predictive control (MFPC) is implemented in two cascaded stages. First, the predictive algorithm is performed for the voltage vectors (VVs) with zero CMV to detect the optimum zone of the space vector locations. In the second stage, the proposed MFPC is implemented with the VVs of the selected zone, and the optimum VV is achieved. In this way, the predictive algorithm is iterated 13 times. On the contrary, the conventional predictive algorithm is iterated 27 times for the VVs of the dual inverter. So, the calculation of the proposed method is reduced almost 50%. This feature is achieved without neglecting any of the VVs. Therefore, the performance of the proposed method is not degraded by reducing the calculations. A comparative analysis is carried out through simulations and experimental tests. The results confirm that while the proposed MFPC method is computationally efficient, its performance and robustness are also improved.

Simple Discontinuous Pulse-Width Modulation Scheme for the Loss Reduction of a Dual Inverter Fed an Open-End Winding Induction Motor

This paper presents a simple discontinuous pulse width modulation (DPWM) switching scheme to reduce the switching loss of a single DC-link dual two-level inverter fed an open-end winding (OW) induction motor (IM). The dual inverter system is attractive in many applications due to higher DC-link voltage utilization. Additionally, the OW motor has the potential fault-tolerant capability. However, the use of the dual inverter results in reduced system efficiency due to increased power losses in the inverter. Moreover, an OW motor inherently suffers from a zero-sequence current (ZSC) issue because the open neutral point of the stator windings provides the ZSC path. The ZSC causes negative effects in the system, such as an additional power loss and total harmonic distortion (THD). Thus, this work proposes an optimal DPWM scheme to reduce the inverter loss while suppressing the ZSC. Additionally, this work proposes a strategy to make the average power loss of each inverter equal. The performance of the proposed method is discussed in terms of switching power loss reduction and ZSC suppression. Simulation and experimental results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed DPWM scheme.