Ontological Nature Research Articles

Are you colour deaf?

Originating from antiquity, the idea of associating colour with music has been researched extensively in recent decades. The terms for this phenomenon include crossmodal correspondences and synaesthesia (or chromaesthesia), both of which refer to associations our brain makes from stimuli that it perceives through different senses. Correspondence between sound and music, and light and colour, has been a scholarly topic for years—mostly from a scientific point of view. This thesis aims to investigate different views on the subject, focusing on its artistic/aesthetic rather than neurobiological components. Music-colour correspondence was born from the need of philosophers to make sense of both music and the world. Linguistics has proven ambiguous when used to explain or make sense out of music, hence colour has been a very powerful replacement. It is possible to draw parallels between sound and light because of their similar ontological nature (vibration). The goal of this thesis is to prove that such an association can enhance a classical music performance for the audience (as related to engagement) and for the performer (as related to analysis, artistic input). As a case study, Olivier Messiaen’s Theme and Variations is analysed in this rather unconventional colour-coded way. Keywords: synaesthesia, chromaesthesia, crossmodal correspondences, Olivier Messiaen, colour and music.

THE WAR AS A SOCIO-CULTURAL PHENOMENON IN A CONTEMPORARY UKRAINIAN PHILOSOPHICAL DISCOURSE

An armed conflict between Ukraine and Russian Federation lasts for the past 10 years on and on February 24, 2022 it turned into full-scale war with all arsenal of conventional arm available used, nuclear excluded.The war turned into a new social and political reality that defined socio-political and socio-cultural vectors of development of Ukrainians and their state – focused on oppression to occupant’s conquer – for many years ahead.The war, as a socio-cultural phenomenon and the new stage of Ukrainian nation became a topic of research of the domestic academic environment. It defined in home philosophical research circles new polemic that aims at thinking through an ontological nature of the conflict, its social, cultural, and historical causes, to reveal its specific character in the past and in the present, to find out where the balance was lost in the structural order of the security, its lawful preventive mechanisms failure.Many analytical attempts to describe topological classification of that conflict (in the context of the growth of the contemporary philosophical discourse) were conducted. It were given some answers on the question on the roots of the conflict, on its continuity. It was pointed out its destructive impact on the condition of the Ukrainians, its social and cultural evolution from the point of view of different philosophical views and research programmes or contemporary historical narratives, modern principles of the native and Western-European philosophy.An evolution of the points of view on ontological and historical reasons of the war and philosophical reflections of the native scholars were considered in this article. Some problematic issues, determined by the different phases of the conflict were researched.

Изобретение концепта реализма в схоластике

The ancient separation of the world into the domains of ideas and things created the ground for questioning about true existence. Thus, reality could be attributed to ideas, or it could be attributed to things. Given the tension between Platonic and Aristotelian ontologies, the problem of the status of general notions was embodied in medieval philosophical discussion, often clothed in theological form. The article reconstructs the controversy around the ontological status of universals within several scholastic doctrines. The essence of this dispute, from a perspective that is of ontological and gnoseological interest, comes down to clarifying the categorical grid, within which it is possible to make statements concerning reality. There are at least three main positions that refl ect the views of scholastic thinkers on the ontological nature of universals: realism, nominalism and conceptualism. The basic difference between them is determined by confl icting opinions regarding the issues of autonomy of the existence of universals, their dependence on the mind and things, and also about their materiality. This study reproduces the crucial moves of the scholastic thought of realists (A. Canterbury), nominalists (W. Occam), conceptualists (P. Abelard) and moderate realists (F. Aquinas), around which the conceptual background of the conversation about reality is formed. At the same time, it became obvious that the concept of realism (which was not yet in the philosophical vocabulary during the period of scholasticism) acquires its features in the intersections and contradictions between positions in the range from strong realism to extreme nominalism. Besides, it has been demonstrated in actual analysis that a set of alternative solutions to the problem of universals was refl ected in the broad philosophical problems of Modern (along the epistemological teachings of rationalism and empiricism) and contemporary thought (in projects of speculative realism, fl at ontologies, as well as in the fi eld of philosophy of mind). At the same time, it must be recognized, as a result, that the later development of the concept of realism and the problems of cognition associated with it had a retrospective impact on the correlation of scholastic positions with each other.

THE OBJECT WORLD IN THE DIALOGUE OF PERSON AND THING: SOME CULTUROLOGICAL CLARIFICATION

The modern cultural turn in the humanities actualizes the problem of a new dialogue between human being and thing, in which the objective world of the information society undergoes qualitative changes and comes to the forefront of cultural claims. The relationship between the world of people and the world of things becomes an arena of continuous transformation, full of drama, unbridled ambition and speculation. In this situation, the growing expansion of technological innovations is obvious, which results in an unprecedented invasion of diverse object forms into people’s everyday lives. There is also the emergence of a complex and contradictory process of fusion of the social environment, information systems and subject articulations of culture. All this fuels and explains interest in the ontological nature of things, the cultural genesis of the objective world of society. Things appear in culture as a kind of relays of people’s urgent messages, markers of their thoughts, struggles and achievements. Things re-tain knowledge about a person due to the fact that the path of birth and existence of any artifact is associated with the activities of people. At the same time, the very objectivity of a thing makes it only a clot of silent matter — de-tached and indiff erent to human searches, discoveries and experiences. A thing taken only in its material shell is just a fragment, a splinter of physical reality. In this form, the thing is initially imprisoned in its motionless bodily form and is “insensitive” to the changing culture. But with its other side, a thing always communicates with a per-son, which makes it, in the anthropocentric dimension, a “verbal” artifact, with the status of a moving character in culture. It is in this projection that a thing becomes a guardian of social memory and becomes an important source for cultural interpretations.

Democracy as intra-action: Some educational implications when we diffract John Dewey’s, Karen Barad’s and Ernesto Laclau’s work

This article scrutinises the ontological nature of democracy and the implications that different ontological assumptions might have for educational practice. To achieve this, we use Karen Barad’s notion of diffraction to read John Dewey’s, Ernesto Laclau’s and Barad’s theoretical insights through one another. Our starting point is Dewey’s famous sentence that ‘democracy is more than a form of government; it is primarily a mode of associated living’ (2001, p. 91). Based on this, we pose two questions. Firstly, we ask, ‘How can we understand democracy as a mode of associated living?’ We explore Dewey’s quotation first, then fold in Laclau’s conflictual understanding of democracy, followed by Barad’s agential realist notion of intra-action. Secondly, we ask, ‘What are the educational consequences of these ontological understandings?’ Here, we make three assertions: (a) democracy and education could be understood as emerging together involving entanglements that cut across micro-macro levels of scale; (b) democratic processes always contain exclusions carrying risks for educators and (c) ‘living’ needs to trouble the well-worn human/non-human binary and consider wider naturalcultural phenomena.

Do Shared Decision-Making and Patient Decision Aids Take Patient's Preferences Seriously?

Most clinical guidelines for the assessment and management of atrial fibrillation emphasize the importance of decision support provided by Patients Decision Aids, but they are to be used and evaluated only in the context of Shared Decision-Making. Detailed examination of 10 clinical decision support tools reveals that many do not engage with patient's preferences at all. Only two take them seriously in terms of their formation, elicitation and processing, aimed at identifying the optimal personalised decision for the patient. This failure is traced to a reluctance to accept the ontological nature of preferences, as instantiations of comparative magnitudes, and to set them in an analytical framework that facilitates their transparent integration with individualised evidence.

Processes as variable embodiments

In a number of papers, Kit Fine introduced a theory of embodiment which distinguishes between rigid and variable embodiments, and has been successfully applied to clarify the ontological nature of entities whose parts may or may not vary in time. In particular, he has applied this theory to describe a process such as the erosion of a cliff, which would be a variable embodiment whose manifestations are the different states of erosion of the cliff. We find this theory very powerful, and especially appropriate to capture the intuition that the same process may go on at different times. However, its formal principles have been subject to some criticisms, mainly concerning the mereological structure of a variable embodiment. Moreover, since the notion of variable embodiment is very general, simply saying that processes are variable embodiments is not enough to understand their ontological nature. To address these concerns, in this paper we proceed in two phases: first, we propose a revised version of Fine’s original theory adapted to the case of processes, which adopts a classical mereology instead of Fine’s hylomorphic mereology, and a temporalized constitution relation in place of Fine’s function of variable embodiment; second, we go deeper into the ontological nature of processes by revisiting the notions of homogeneity, intentionality, and telicity discussed in the literature, and propose an account based on ontological principles and not on semantic properties of predicates. This allows us to organize processes into a novel taxonomy based exclusively on their unity and individuation principles.

“Quiero ser negro”: identidade negra da perspectiva do ser e do parecer

“Quiero ser negro” is an act of will or a project, the trajectory from one identity (A) towards another (B). As a discourse, it's the personal narrative of two young Spaniards aspiring to blackness. It also appears as a self-fiction focused on identity tourism or the process of psychological alienation, rooted in social subjectivities. Therefore, the ontological nature of identity doesn't exclude mutations, nor does it escape the construction process, essentially being a continuum.

TRANSCENDENTALISM, NATURALISM AND ONTOLOGY

The opposition between transcendentalism and naturalism plays a key role in discussions about consciousness at the confluence of phenomenology and analytical philosophy. Associated with it is a whole range of research programs. However, the opposition between transcendentalism and naturalism in these programs is, as a rule, operational and not thematic in nature and presupposes that 1) Transcendentalism and naturalism as traditions are initially alien to each other; 2) The domain of their opposition is ontology. The article attempts to problematize these premises based on one historical circumstance. Turning to the texts of Kant, the founder of transcendental philosophy, I intend to show that transcendentalism, which was first substantiated in them, is a version of naturalistic ontology, that is, a peculiarly interpreted naturalism that identifies nature with its natural scientific model and excludes constituting subjectivity from ontology. It is built not on the naturalization of phenomenology, but on the transcendentalization of natural science. Reinterpreting the experimental method in the spirit of the Copernican turn, Kant substantiates the apodictic nature and lack of alternative to the ontology of nature by turning nature into a correlate of consciousness and strictly limiting the principles of mathematical natural science to the boundaries of the phenomenal world. As a result, the true theme of philosophy—the thing in itself and transcendental subjectivity itself—is taken beyond the boundaries of ontology. The thematization of the naturalistic origins of transcendentalism and the removal of transcendental consciousness beyond the boundaries of ontology, carried out within its framework, thus reveals the problematic nature of these premises. The article also demonstrates that, despite significant differences in the understanding of transcendental philosophy and ontology between Kant and Husserl, the identified motives—the naturalistic nature of the ontological foundation and the meta-ontological character of transcendental subjectivity—remain of fundamental importance for the founder of phenomenology. This allows us to conclude that ontology is not the original domain of confrontation between transcendentalism and naturalism and to substantiate the compatibilist thesis according to which transcendentalism is compatible with ontological naturalism.

Ontological Relations of the 1945 Basic Act as the Constitution with Pancasila as the State Ideology

This article discusses the relationship between Pancasila and the UUD 1945 as a constitution and laws, implementing regulations and policies to see its ontological gaps. The discussion focused on the constitutional phenomenon, which must elaborate on constructing the 1945 Basic Act and Pancasila. This article aims to see the dimensions of legal ontology related to the understanding and practice of justice in the country and state. The method used is to apply a content analysis approach, which identifies patterns, themes, or meanings that arise from the concept material contained in Pancasila and the 1945 Basic Act. Hail from this research is found ontological problems that need deeper attention. Given the overly broad ontological nature, further research is needed to identify deeper problems. This research has significant significance because it can be a marker of problems at the philosophical level that need attention. Empowerment.

Reclaiming the Ontological Over the Epistemological: A Case Study Into a New Zealand Primary School Disclosing an Embodied Culture of Teacher Inquiry

This article presents case study research into a New Zealand primary school enacting a very sophisticated whole school inquiry approach to enhance teacher classroom professionalism and practice. A culture of inquiry manifests as an ontological ‘way of being’ in this school community, in the daily professional interactions between the teachers and leaders. This ‘way of being’ is evident in the way teachers and leaders work together in espousing professional expertise, trust, care and support to enable teacher inquiry for improved classroom practice to flourish. In this article we present evidence in relation to three questions: (1) What does inquiry look like within this school community? (2) How was collaboration and support implicated in teacher inquiry? (3) How was teacher and leader engagement in inquiry related to meaningful shifts in teachers’ practice and learning? The research contributes to new understandings about the ontological nature of teacher inquiry by uncovering important links between school culture, teacher and leader inquiry, and embodied professional learning and practice.

Воля к власти как новая онтологическая реальность в философии Ф. Ницше

The main objective of this article is to consider the concept of “will to power” by F. Nietzsche as a non-classical ontology of the post-metaphysical plan. The subject of philosophical understanding of the ontological nature of the phenomenon of power is revealed. The key aspects of F. Nietzsche’s philosophy are investigated: the will to life as the will to power, criticism of Christian religion and morality, the search for new values, the idea of su-perman. The German philosopher was one of the first to speak about the weakness and worthlessness of a man who raised the “world of ideas” above the world of reality. Nietzsche insists that humanity, in principle, has no specific goal, a person needs to learn to educate himself, to elevate himself, thereby elevating society. Con-clusion dwells upon the fact that power represents a new ontological dimension that defines human existence. According to Nietzsche, this will be the guideline for solving the problem of human integrity. The author comes to the conclusion that the personification of the highest metaphysics in Nietzsche is the superman, he is the “meaning of the earth”. Therefore, the will to power appears as a new ontological reality.

The Existential Dimension of the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights

This article explores the evolution of values and meanings of basic concepts of humanism in the second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century. The author analyses such fundamental philosophical notions as the nature and existence of man, human rights, freedom, will, and justice. Comparative analysis of the two most important documents in this field, namely the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights, shows a conceptual shift in the aforementioned topic. One of the main reasons for such a shift is the introduction in the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights of the notion of ‘existence’ as being necessary for the description of human abilities. Also worthy of attention is the approach to justice described by means of awareness. Such notions are absent in the Preamble of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, suggesting that a new understanding of the phenomenon of man has emerged in the past half-century, thus distinguishing one document from another. The article also analyzes the controversy between J.-P. Sartre and M. Heidegger which played a key role in rethinking humanism as a philosophical concept and value system. Sartre reasonably rejects the identification of existentialism as a pessimistic worldview, arguing that the doctrine of human subjectivity is humanistic in nature. In turn Heidegger highlights the ontological nature of all historical types of humanism, showing their dependence on the metaphysical context. The article discusses the notion of maintaining the universalist perspective, in order to better understand the idea of human rights in a new interpretation through the prism of the philosophy of existence. The conclusion drawn outlines the relevance of an in-depth philosophical interpretation of the basic concepts of bioethics and law.

THE VISION OF STYLE WITHIN THE LIMITS OF THE LITERARY GRAMMAR DISCOURSE

In the proposed article, we turn to one of the directions in modern academic theory of literature – literary grammar, which examines the literary text in the linguistic dimension. The purpose of the research is to indicate the features of this discourse and explain what the vision of style is within the limits of literary grammar. The object of research is the discourse of literary grammar; the subject of research is style in literary grammar. The following methods were used to realize research goal: information analysis method, synthesis method, descriptive method. Literary grammar, which strives for accuracy and specificity, is constituted on the border with linguistics. Signs and features of style are recognized in literary grammar as the construction of an artistic work, the scheme by which it is built. It motivates the certain «signs» of style appearance. The author of the article concludes that the concept of style within the limits of literary grammar is pre-aesthetic, as it reduces the sensual, as the internal form of plastic-painting component of the image. The relevance of the research is determined by the need to clarify the multiplicity of style concepts in their originality in modern literary theory and modern linguistics. The concept of «style» refers to one of the fundamental features of artistic creativity, which, firstly, determines the aesthetic value of a work and without which the emergence of artistic systems (literary schools, currents, trends) is impossible. There are different understandings of style. Some literary critics expand the meaning of this concept, bring it closer to the artistic method (I. F Volkov, O. V. Mykhaylov, P. O. Nikolaev, B. G. Reizov), while others, on the contrary, identify it with the writer’s individual handwriting concept (I. Kleiner, I. Yu. Podgaetska, P. M. Sakulin, L. Spitzer). Literary grammar objectifies the external form of the work, therefore it is distinguished by the interpretation of inner-textual relations depth. However, it cannot claim conclusions of an aesthetic or ontological nature. Elements of the external form of the work in this discourse are considered in isolation from its internal form and content. Literary grammar does not set itself the task of revealing the style of an artistic work as a unity of all moments of artistic form and content but helps to reveal the specificity one of the essential style components – the language of a literary and artistic work. The perspective of further research is to reveal the semantic content of the style category within the limits of various theoretical and literary discourses.

GeoFault: A well-founded fault ontology for interoperability in geological modeling

Geological modeling currently uses various computer-based applications. Data harmonization at the semantic level using ontologies is essential to make these applications interoperable. Since geo-modeling is part of several multidisciplinary projects, interoperability requires semantic harmonization to exchange information between geological applications and integrate other domain knowledge at a general level. Therefore, domain ontologies that describe geological knowledge must be based on a sound ontological background to ensure this knowledge is integrable. Faults are essential for understanding and solving structural problems but are complex to model because the concept of fault includes a group of geological entities with a distinct ontological nature. A fault can correspond to thin, deformed rock volumes or spatial arrangements resulting from the displacement of geological blocks, but at a broader scale, geologists describe faults as surfaces or components of complex fault arrays. Our work intends to harmonize these views by presenting a domain ontology, GeoFault, resting on the Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) and the GeoCore ontology. GeoCore and GeoFault support the parametric description of geological sites as a preliminary step for quantitative and qualitative analysis. We have proposed GeoFault after systematically revising the literature and several knowledge-acquisition sessions with expert structural geologists. The ontology formalizes a vocabulary for fault “sensu stricto,” excluding ductile shear deformations. It covers the regional to outcrop scales, excluding structures at the microscopic, orogenic, and tectonics scales, and it avoids interpretive language associated with geological processes as far as possible. Extending the BFO and GeoCore ontologies allows the fault concept to be related to formal ontological classes in a consistent semantic-rich framework. The ontology artifact is implemented in OWL 2, validated by competency questions with two use cases, and tested using an in-house ontology-driven data entry application. The GeoFault ontology is publicly available and provides a solid framework for clarifying fault knowledge and a foundation for many applications.

Radical Empiricism as Naturalistic Phenomenology vs. Non-naturalistic Phenomenology of Max Scheler

ABSTRACT In this article, the author wishes to defend a naturalistic version of phenomenology rooted in and expropriated from William James’s radical empiricism against Max Scheler’s non-naturalistic phenomenology. By drawing from Jack Reynolds’s arguments for a minimal phenomenology, the author posits that radical empiricism is a middle way between the misguided self-sufficiency of transcendental phenomenology and the misguided self-sufficiency of ontological naturalism. The orthodox reading of Scheler as a dualist is found problematic, and in outlining four propositions characteristic of Scheler’s positions, the author motivates resources from Jamesian thought to argue for the superiority of a naturalistic phenomenology.

Epistemic Challenges in Neurophenomenology: Exploring the Reliability of Knowledge and Its Ontological Implications

This article investigates the challenges posed by the reliability of knowledge in neurophenomenology and its connection to reality. Neurophenomenological research seeks to understand the intricate relationship between human consciousness, cognition, and the underlying neural processes. However, the subjective nature of conscious experiences presents unique epistemic challenges in determining the reliability of the knowledge generated in this research. Personal factors such as beliefs, emotions, and cultural backgrounds influence subjective experiences, which vary from individual to individual. On the other hand, scientific knowledge aims to uncover universal truths based on empirical observations and objective principles. Reconciling the subjective and objective realms presents a significant challenge in determining the reliability of knowledge generated through neurophenomenological research. This article aims to examine the inherent limitations and challenges of neurophenomenological research to shed light on the complexities involved in understanding the nature of knowledge itself. This article highlights that the ontological implications of the reliability of knowledge in neurophenomenology arise from the question of how subjective experiences relate to objective reality. Understanding the neural correlates and mechanisms behind subjective experiences can provide insight into the underlying ontological nature of consciousness.

Massive Modularity: An Ontological Hypothesis or an Adaptationist Discovery Heuristic?

ABSTRACT Cognitive modules are internal mental structures. Some theorists and empirical researchers hypothesise that the human mind is either partially or massively comprised of structures that are modular in nature. Is the massive modularity of mind hypothesis a cogent view about the ontological nature of human mind or is it, rather, an effective/ineffective adaptationist discovery heuristic for generating predictively successful hypotheses about both heretofore unknown psychological traits and unknown properties of already identified psychological traits? Considering the inadequacies of the case in favour of massive modularity as an ontological hypothesis, I suggest approaching and valuing massive modularity as an adaptationist discovery heuristic.

About the realism of legal realism

The article discusses the problems of clarifying the nature, content and orientation of legal realism, which has become a popular modern approach to understanding law, primarily related to the history of legal thought in the United States, as well as the works of some Scandinavian authors of the twentieth century. The article demonstrates that legal realism in the interpretation of American and Scandinavian authors often reproduces realism in a peculiar way as a technique of epistemological and ontological nature. As a kind of original paradigm for understanding issues of legal practice and overcoming gaps in legal regulation, American legal realism can be an interesting object of study, however, as a theoretical concept or methodological technique, it has many vulnerabilities, which are especially evident when properly reconstructing the history of legal thought. The novelty of the research lies in highlighting the problems of legal realism from a critical position, both in terms of its name and semantic content. The study draws parallels between the ideas of Marxism about the prospect of the extinction of over-the-top phenomena, such as law, and the slogans of American legal realists about the need to fight theory and conceptualism. New directions and perspectives of the analysis of the history of legal thought of the twentieth century are outlined, which make it possible to more accurately identify the actual scientific and cognitive potential of approaches claiming a realistic understanding of law. It is shown that the requirement of reasonableness and overcoming excessive dogmatism are a cross-cutting theme for the history of legal thought.

Language and the Diversification of Human Experience: An Exploration of Gadamer’s Linguisticality

This paper explores the concept of language in the framework of philosophical hermeneutics, with a focus on Gadamer’s notion of language as linguisticality. According to Gadamer, Language is intrinsically linked with understanding, which is the fundamental mode of human existence in the world. He critiques the role of language as simply a tool in Western metaphysics since Plato, and asserts instead that it is language that defines the entire horizon of understanding. By taking literature as an exemplary paradigm of hermeneutic experience, the study investigates the concept of linguisticality — the ontological nature of language. Through the understanding of literary works, readers can gain a better opportunity to affirm, refine and diversify their original experience and approach a level of authenticity that is rarely acknowledged in everyday life.