Onset Of Psychiatric Symptoms Research Articles

Prevalence of Childhood Sexual Abuse Among Tunisian Psychiatric Outpatients and its Associated Factors

Objectives In this study, we aim to estimate the prevalence of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) in psychiatric outpatients in Tunisia and to identify the associated factors. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 133 patients (80 men and 53 women; mean age: 45.02`11.8 years) referred to the psychiatry clinic of the University Hospital of Gabes in Southern Tunisia. Data was collected using the childhood trauma questionnaire - short form, and the suicide behaviors questionnaire-revised. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics including a correlation test were used for data analysis. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results The overall prevalence of CSA was 9.8%. Participants with a history of CSA had a significantly younger age at the onset of psychiatric symptoms and longer duration of hospitalization. The results of multivariate analysis showed that CSA increased the risk of having psychiatric comorbidities by 5.9 (AOR=5.9, 95% CI, 1.3%, 28.8%) and the risk of suicidal ideation by 5.1 (AOR=5.1, 95% CI, 1.03%, 26.9%). Conclusion The history of CSA has a negative impact on psychiatric patients in adulthood. This association is multifactorial, and there is a need for further longitudinal studies in this regard.

The Huntington's Disease Gene in an Italian Cohort of Patients with Bipolar Disorder.

Huntington's disease (HD) is characterized by motor, cognitive and psychiatric manifestations and caused by an expansion of CAG repeats over 35 triplets on the huntingtin (HTT) gene. However, expansions in the range 27-35 repeats (intermediate allele) can be associated with pathological phenotypes. The onset of HD is conventionally defined by the onset of motor symptoms, but psychiatric disturbances can precede the motor phase by up to twenty years. The aims of the present study are to identify HD patients in the pre-motor phase of the disease among patients diagnosed with bipolar disorders and evaluate any differences between bipolar patients carrying the normal HTT allele and patients with the expanded HTT gene. We assessed the HTT genotype in an Italian cohort of 69 patients who were affected by either type 1 or type 2 bipolar disorder. No patient was found to be a carrier of the pathological HTT allele, but 10% of bipolar subjects carried an intermediate allele. Carriers of the intermediate allele were older at the onset of psychiatric symptoms than non-carriers. The pathological HTT gene was not associated with bipolar disorder, while we found a higher frequency of the intermediate allele among the bipolar population with respect to healthy controls. The identification of this subset of bipolar subjects has implications for the clinical management of patients and their family members and promotes further investigation into possible pathological mechanisms common to both HD and bipolar disorder.

Cobalamin C Deficiency, an Inborn Error of Metabolism presenting with Subacute Neuropsychiatric Symptoms (P9-4.001)

<h3>Objective:</h3> Inpatient Neurology teams are often consulted to rule out neurological causes for new-onset neuropsychiatric symptoms. This case highlights the importance of considering possible Inborn Errors of Metabolism (IEM) that require specific treatments, and avoiding premature closure on a primary psychiatric disorder. <h3>Background:</h3> A 15-year-old presented to a pediatric hospital with a 4–8 week onset of neuropsychiatric (psychosis, psychomotor slowing, catatonia, sleep cycle irregularities, and tremors) and systemic (acute on chronic kidney injury and hypertension) symptoms. Neurology was consulted for further evaluation. In addition to the abnormal higher mental function exam, the neurological exam was significant for hyperreflexia in both the upper and lower extremities. <h3>Design/Methods:</h3> N/A <h3>Results:</h3> Neuroimaging (an initial non-contrast CT Head and MRI brain with and without contrast) did not reveal an intracranial abnormality. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid, including an autoimmune encephalitis panel, was unremarkable. Metabolic testing was significant for elevated homocysteine and methylmalonic aciduria with normal Vitamin B12 levels. Genetics and metabolic consult recommended testing for Cobalamin C deficiency that returned positive with pathogenic mutations in MMACHC gene. Neuropsychiatric symptoms began to improve after the initiation of treatment with hydroxocobalamin, carnitine, betaine, and leucovorin. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Cobalamin C deficiency (CblC) most commonly presents in infants less than 1 year, but is also known to present rarely in adolescence or adulthood, most commonly with subacute onset psychiatric symptoms, myelopathy, and cardiovascular disease. CblC is an autosomal recessive disorder caused most commonly by pathogenic variants within the MMACHC gene. Late-onset forms of IEM can present with isolated neuropsychiatric symptoms years after birth and thus are prone to be missed. Treatable metabolic disorders should be considered in the workup for new-onset neuropsychiatric symptoms. <b>Disclosure:</b> Dr. Engel has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rashid has nothing to disclose. Dr. Al-Beshri has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ananth has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Reata Therapeutics. The institution of Dr. Ananth has received research support from Acadia Pharmaceuticals.

Refugees, war trauma and mental health: knowledge and experience from trainees and early career psychiatrists

IntroductionPsychiatry Across Borders working group of the European Federation of Psychiatric Trainees has the mission to improve psychiatric training in transcultural psychiatry and trauma-related topics in Europe. It started conducting a survey in 2016, to assess trainees’ experiences in forcibly displaced people mental health (Frankova et al. Transcult.Psychiatry, in press).ObjectivesTo investigate European psychiatric trainees’ and Early Career Psychiatrists’ (ECPs) training about trauma and refugees’ mental health, focusing on educational and clinical difficulties occurring while assisting war refugees or in Eastern Europe, due to the ongoing conflict.MethodsA new survey for European psychiatric trainees and ECPs was designed. A web questionnaire was shared through various channels, including social media, in September 2022. It included an informed consent form and investigated socio-demographic data, training in trauma and refugees’ mental health, clinical practice in war areas or with war refugees.ResultsAs of 16/10/22, 31 were the responders, mainly adult psychiatrists (93.6%). Although the 87.1% worked with forcibly displaced people, only 29% received a specific training, and 53.6% didn’t feel prepared to face war trauma-related disorders. However, 64.3% could reach out to a teamwork member specialized in the topic, and 72.2% to interpreters. The 67.7% worked with actual war refugees, mainly addressed to psychiatric services due to new onset of psychiatric symptoms, especially insomnia (66.7%), often diagnosed with Acute Stress Reaction (66.7%) and treated with psychiatric drugs (83.3%). Two colleagues working in war areas participated in the survey: both lost patients at follow-up and experienced increased workload or lack of means (i.e., drug supply) or support.ConclusionsThis survey can spot educational needs in transcultural psychiatry, helping to program targeted interventions for psychiatric trainees and ECPs, aimed at implementing clinical practice towards the common goal of social cohesion.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Study of Association of Various Psychiatric Disorders in Brain Tumors.

Background Brain tumors may be associated with high morbidity, and psychiatric symptoms may be an early manifestation. It is important to address mental symptoms as early as possible because they are prone to develop psychiatric comorbidities in future. If untreated, these situations may worsen and lead to burden upon caregivers. Methods A total of 176 brain tumor patients between January 2021 and January 2022 constituted the sample size. All recently diagnosed cases of brain tumor with age equal to or more than 18 years who can comprehend and answer questionnaires were included. Patients with a long history of brain tumor or who had a history of a psychiatric illness other than presenting symptoms or any other serious medical illness were excluded. Results Twenty-seven percent of brain tumor patients had psychiatric symptoms. Depressive symptoms were the most common, associated with 24% of patients, followed by anxiety disorders. Psychiatric disorders were more common in supratentorial compared to infratentorial tumors. Psychiatric symptoms seem to be associated more commonly with malignant tumors and peritumoral edema. Among malignant tumors, depressive symptoms tend to be related with high-grade glioma, and among benign tumors, they were more common in meningioma. No predilection to laterality and anatomical lobe involvement is reported. Conclusion Screening of psychiatric disorders should be a routine in brain tumor patients. An integrated approach is required to treat brain tumor patients. Healthcare professionals should be more vigilant about the onset of psychiatric symptoms and the need of palliative care to improve the quality of life.

2.52 Reward Network Features Associated With Immune Activity and Psychiatric Symptoms in Adolescents

Adolescence is a critical period marked by rapid maturation of reward circuitry and often by the onset of psychiatric symptoms. Elevated inflammatory biomarkers are also frequently reported in depressed youth. Here, we investigated associations between reward networks properties, clinical symptomatology, and inflammation in a transdiagnostic cohort of adolescents.

Mentalizing and emotion dysregulation in emerging adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: a pilot short-term longitudinal study

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic represents an epidemiological and psychological crisis (APA, 2020). In this context, although emerging adults are less likely to get COVID-19, they might have suffered from the national lockdowns over the last year, as they are indeed involved in a crucial development period wherein interpersonal relationships undertake a fundamental function in their psychological well-being. To this end, mentalizing abilities and emotion dysregulation may play a crucial role as possible salutogenic or pathogenic factors on the onset of psychiatric symptoms during the three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic.Objectives1) To examine the relationship between emotion dysregulation assessed at the end of the first wave of COVID-19, mentalizing assessed during the second wave, and psychiatric symptoms levels assessed during the third wave. 2) To examine the moderation role of mentalizing within the relation between emotion dysregulation and psychiatric symptoms.MethodsParticipants were 83 non-clinical emerging adults (Mage=22.18, SD=4.36; 57.8% females). Measures applied were Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) to examine emotion dysregulation, Reflective Functioning Questionnaire to examine mentalizing (RFQ_uncertainty; RFQ_certainty) and Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90) to examine psychiatric symptoms (Global Severity Index, GSI).ResultsDERS_total score (r=.31, p=.03) and both RFQ_uncertainty (r=.41, p&lt;.01) and RFQ_certainty (r=-.33, p=.02) are associated with GSI. Secondly, a significant moderation role by RFQ_u emerged within the relation between DERS_total score and GSI (∆R2=.067, β=.001, SE=.00, CI[.000, .002]).ConclusionsThese results suggest that mentalizing and emotion dysregulation may play a pivotal role in the onset of psychiatric symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinical implications are discussed.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Smoking in patients hospitalized for schizophrenia: Prevalence and management challenges

IntroductionSmoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the world. Studies have shown that the frequency of its use in schizophrenic patients is significantly higher than in the general population,which hinders both treatment strategies and the efficacy of antipsychotics.ObjectivesThe objectives of our study are to highlight the prevalence of smoking in this population,to assess their nicotine dependence as well as to support the difficulties of their management.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of 92 male patients, hospitalized at Ar-razi Hospital in Salé, using the Fagerström scale, associated with a questionnaire that included age, marital status, educational level, somatic comorbidities, current treatment, other substances used, withdrawal attempts, age of first cigarette, family history of smoking, and finally,number of cigarettes per day before and after psychiatric diagnosis.ResultsAll our patients were male,the average age was 31 years, 84.8% of our patients were single, 73.9% were without a profession, only 23.9% were under classic neuroleptics while 4.3% were under Clozapine, the most of our patients were also using Cannabis,52.2% attempted a withdrawal, with an average duration of 6 months.69.6% of our patients had a family history of smoking and only 21.7% had somatic comorbidities.The average daily consumption was 12 cigarettes per day before the onset of psychiatric symptoms, rising to 18 cigarettes per day after the psychiatric diagnosis.ConclusionsThe frequency of smoking in schizophrenic patients is high. Unfortunately, these patients remain poorly aware of the harms of smoking, hence the need to integrate a smoking control strategy into the management of schizophrenia.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

How Covid-19 changed emergency department access: observational study comparison of patient stage of the day access in the psychiatric emergency department over three years

IntroductionA few studies have analyzed the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on psychiatric Emergency Department (ED) accesses. The pandemic may indeed have influenced the phase of day accesses for patients with psychiatric disorders.ObjectivesAim of this cross-sectional study is to analyze how COVID-19 weighed on psychiatric patients daily accesses over the course of three years.MethodsData on 219 patients were retrospectively collected from the ED in the Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome. According to the stage of the day, accesses were divided into 4 groups: between 00:00 and 6:00; between 6:00 a.m. and 12:00 a.m.; between 12:00 a.m. and 18:00 p.m.; between 18:00 p.m. and 00:00 p.m.ResultsPerforming a regression analysis, a relation was found between psychiatric symptoms, stage of the day admission and year. In 2019 the admissions seem to be homogeneously distributed, however during 2021 and 2020 the admissions rates have a delayed evening trend.ConclusionsDespite the low number of accesses considered, the Covid-19 pandemic appears to exert an effect that still lasts in terms of both accesses and worsening or new onset of psychiatric symptoms. Measures taken to prevent the spread of infections may have affected access in the ED of patients in various ways. However, the trend of increasing evening accesses could be related to a saturation of territorial psychiatric services that work mainly until the afternoon. Thus, an enhancement of territorial psychiatric services seems highly necessary to cope with what could be an increase in psychopathology in patients without previous diagnosis.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Outcomes of psychiatric genetic counseling in relation to time since diagnosis and symptom onset.

To our knowledge, no studies have yet evaluated whether genetic counseling (GC) outcomes are influenced by the timing of the counseling session in relation to the onset or diagnosis of the condition of interest. We conducted an exploratory retrospective chart review using a database from a psychiatric GC (pGC) clinic, to examine the relationship between GC outcomes and time elapsed between: (a) onset of psychiatric symptoms (time since onset, TSO) and/or (b) psychiatric diagnosis (time since diagnosis, TSD), and the pGC session. Linear regression was used to assess the relationship between change in Genetic Counseling Outcome Scale (GCOS) scores from pre-GC to 1month post-GC and TSO and/or TSD. Charts of 271 patients (80% women, mean age=39.9years old) seen between 2012 and 2018 were included in the analyses. Mean TSO=19.6years (range 0-62years), and mean TSD=11.1years (range 0-43years). Overall, empowerment increased after GC regardless of TSO/TSD (p<0.0001, d=1.11). While there was no relationship between GCOS change and TSD, a negative relationship was observed for TSO (p=.032) suggesting better outcomes with shorter TSO, although the effect size was very small (f2 =0.019). Post hoc analysis revealed this effect was driven by two diagnoses, depression (n=164, p=0.013) and schizoaffective disorder (n=6, p=0.042). For the former, the effect size was very small (f2 =0.038) and for the latter, the probability of type 2 error was high. In sum, our data suggest that TSO/TSD plays a negligible role in outcomes of pGC, with patients benefitting from pGC, regardless how long ago symptoms started/diagnosis was made.

New onset of mania in COVID-19 infection: A report of two cases

Background: Those who have infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), experience a range of symptoms, from mild and self-resolving respiratory illnesses to severe respiratory complications, as well as a range of the emotional symptoms of fear, guilt, anger, or anxiety due to the need of quarantine isolation. Clinical cases with a new onset of psychiatric symptoms in the acute stage or aftermath of COVID-19 have also been described in the literature. The impact of COVID-19 on psychological health across all stages of illness has become an area of interest in psychiatry. Methods: We at Johor Bahru, Malaysia, would like to report two patients without any history of any known psychiatric illness, who had their first manic episodes during the acute stage of COVID-19 infection. Results: Patient A was a 29-year-old married female patient, had a COVID-19 infection which were treated smoothly. But unfortunately, the devastating news of her husband's hospitalization for COVID-19 infection and the death of her sister-in-law due to the deadly virus came on the day of her discharge. Since she developed a picture of a manic episode with as elated mood, irritability, talkativeness, increased energy, decreased need for sleep, spending spree, reckless driving, excessive ideas concerning COVID-19 infection, and excessive sexual drive. She subsequently responded to treatment and was discharged with daily 600 mg of oral lithium carbonate, 200 mg of oral chlorpromazine, and 1,000 mg of sodium valproate Chrono. Patient B was a 31-year-old married homemaker and she presented herself to the emergency department for stage COVID-19 infection and witnessed resuscitation and eventual deaths of several patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection. She was so frightened that she had become easily distracted, increasingly irritable, and talkative. Having reduced need for sleep at night, she would repeatedly call her friends and family around the clock to check if they had COVID-19 infection. She claimed to have the power to heal bone fractures with naked eyes. Furthermore, she started to see supernatural creatures around her at home. She subsequently responded to daily 750 mg of lithium carbonate and 1,000 mg of amisulpride during a 14-day inpatient stay. Conclusion: We content that our two patients had a new onset of manic episode after COVID-19 infection. We suggest that manic symptoms may have been triggered through an episode of COVID-19.

Lack of Associations Between C-Reactive Protein and Mood and Anxiety Symptoms in Adolescents.

Introduction: Increased peripheral inflammation has been consistently documented in both adult and pediatric depression. However, elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), a nonspecific biomarker for inflammation, have been primarily reported in adults; whether CRP plays a similar role in adolescent depression has not been conclusively established. In our prior work, we identified relationships between CRP and reward neurocircuitry in adolescents with psychiatric symptoms (N = 64) but not with depressive symptoms. Extending this work, we sought to examine CRP across the full range of mood and anxiety symptom severity in a larger, clinically diverse cohort of psychotropic medication-free adolescents and healthy controls (HCs). Methods: Subjects were adolescents (N = 127, age: 15.17 ± 2.19 years, 78 female) with psychiatric symptoms (n = 96, including previous cohort of 64) and HC (n = 31). All completed a semi-structured psychiatric evaluation and dimensional assessments for depression, anxiety, anhedonia, and suicidality. Group-comparison and correlation analyses utilized nonparametric statistics controlled for body mass index, sex, and age at pFWE < 0.05. Results: No group differences were identified in CRP levels between the clinical cohort and HCs. In addition, correlations between CRP and clinical symptomatology were not significant in either the whole sample or the psychiatric group. Conclusions: We found that, unlike in adults, CRP was not associated with depressive symptoms. This suggests that inflammation in pediatric depression is more narrowly delimited at the onset of psychiatric symptoms and may only become systemic with chronicity.

The Importance of a Multi-Disciplinary Approach to the Endometriotic Patients: The Relationship between Endometriosis and Psychic Vulnerability.

Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory condition, which is distinguished by the presence of the endometrial-like glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity. Pain and infertility are the most commonly expressed symptoms, occurring in 60% and 40% of cases, respectively. Women with endometriosis, especially those with pelvic pain, also have a greater vulnerability to several psychiatric disorders. There is, in particular, a tendency to contract affective or anxiety disorders as well as panic-agoraphobic and substance use disorders. Endometriosis with pelvic pain, infertility and psychic vulnerability usually leads to disability and a markedly lower quality of life for women of reproductive age. Thus, the burden of endometriosis is not limited to the symptoms and dysfunctions of the disease; it extends to the social, working and emotional spheres, leading to a severe impairment of global functioning. An analysis of scientific literature revealed a close relationship between specific temperamental traits, the expression of several psychiatric symptoms, chronicity of pain, risk of substance use and lower probability of a positive outcome. Endometriosis symptoms and the impact of related psychological consequences, increased vulnerability and the possible onset of psychiatric symptoms may influence coping strategies and weaken resilience, so triggering a vicious cycle leading to a marked deterioration in the quality of life. A multidisciplinary approach consisting of a medical team composed of gynecologists, psychologists, psychiatrists, experts in Dual Disorder, algologists and sexologists, would guarantee the setting of a target and taking the best decision on a personalized treatment plan. That approach would allow the prompt detection of any psychopathological symptoms and improve the endometriosis-related physical symptoms, bringing a healthier quality of life and a greater likelihood of a positive outcome.

Depression and hypothyroidism: Literature review and case report

IntroductionMultiple neuroendocrine disorders can present themselves through diverse psychiatric symptoms. In the case of hypothyroidism it can manifest itself through mood disorders that will require a comprehensive differential diagnosis.ObjectivesWe present a case report and a review of the relevant literature about the relation between mood disorders and hypothyroidism.MethodsWe present the case of a 56-year-old man with no prior psychiatric record who concurring with a grieving process, developed a depressed mood, fatigue, decreased daily activity, and home isolation for months of evolution. He was diagnosed of hypothyroidism and treated with levotiroxine. It was necessary to boost hormonal treatment with antidepressant drugs due to the persistence of the symptoms after the resolution of the hormonal deficit.ResultsThe relationship of depression in patients with overt hypothyroidism is widely recognized. Common alterations to both disorders that could make their diagnosis difficult have been observed: existence of psychomotor slowing, attentional and executive disturbance, anxiety, asthenia, weight gain, depressed mood or bradypsychia among others. In the case of subclinical hypothyroidism, certain neuropsychiatric disorders have been linked without having conclusive evidence.ConclusionsAn early screening of thyroid function at the onset of psychiatric symptoms in individuals without prior psychiatric record is essential in the provision of adequate treatment. Clinical improvement has been seen with hormone replacement therapy alone. However, in up to 10% of patients it becomes insufficient, being necessary to complete it with antidepressant drugs for the complete resolution of the condition.

Psychological complications of Cushing's syndrome.

The aim of this article is to review and discuss recent evidence of psychological complications in Cushing's syndrome. Recent research has described the presence of depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, mania, bipolar disorder and psychotic symptoms in patients with Cushing's syndrome. Furthermore, the perspective of patients' partners has also been emphasized. Recent literature highlights the importance of screening for psychological alterations in Cushing's syndrome, as these alterations can be present in many patients, having a high impact in daily life. Depression is a very common symptom, although in rare cases, patients can also present mania or psychosis. Some studies highlight the importance of screening for organic disease (including Cushing's syndrome) in patients with unexpected or first onset psychiatric symptoms. Finally, the perspective of the patients' partners makes it clear that the partners can also suffer due to the disease of the patient. Intervention programmes involving patient's partners could be helpful to improve both patient and partner wellbeing.

Partially empty sella with generalized epileptiform discharges presented as manic episode in an elderly female: A case with diagnostic dilemma - Causation or coincidence?

Partially empty sella with generalized epileptiform discharges presented as manic episode in an elderly female: A case with diagnostic dilemma - Causation or coincidence?

C-L Psychiatry Vital in Assessing Patients Before, After Bariatric Surgery

C-L Psychiatry Vital in Assessing Patients Before, After Bariatric Surgery

Changing dynamics of psychoneuroimmunology during the COVID-19 pandemic

The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a global health care crisis. Emerging research suggest an unanticipated impact of COVID-19 on mental and/or psychological health of both the general community and affected individuals. The fear of the COVID-19 epidemic and the consequent lockdown and economic crisis has led to globally increased psychological distress. The biological bases of immediate and new onset of psychiatric symptoms in individuals with COVID-19 are not yet known. COVID-19 infection may lead to activated immune-inflammatory pathways and a cytokine storm. Activated immune-inflammatory pathways, especially chronic low-grade inflammation, are associated with major psychiatric disorders in at least a subset of individuals. We propose that both the (sub)chronic inflammatory response and cytokine storm might crucially be involved in the immediate manifestation of neuropsychiatric symptoms in individuals with COVID-19 infection as well as heightened expression of psychiatric symptoms in COVID-19 infected individuals with prior psychiatric conditions. These events might expand concepts in psychoneuroimmunology, with the importance of chronic-low grade inflammation augmented by the cytokine storm hypothesis. Additionally, this might augment and refine diagnosis and prognostic management as well as treatment.

Psychiatric Sequelae of Guillain-Barré Syndrome: Towards a Multidisciplinary Team Approach.

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a post-infectious autoimmune polyneuropathy. Recent research has highlighted that GBS is associated with the onset of psychiatric symptoms which represent a burden for patients and close relatives. However, acute psychiatric sequelae due to GBS may be misinterpreted as ‘intensive care unit (ICU) delirium’. This review outlines the existing evidence for the psychiatric symptoms associated with GBS with a view to improving psychoeducation of patients. The main psychiatric symptoms of GBS that have been reported in the literature include, stress, anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep abnormalities, visual hallucinations, paranoid delusions, disorientation, terror and psychosis. These psychiatric symptoms, which occur during the acute phase of GBS, if not recognised and treated, may progress to long-term psychiatric problems that interfere with improvement of physical symptoms. A multidisciplinary team approach to the management of GBS may improve both physical and psychiatric recovery.

Migratory processes and psychiatric disorders in a sample of adolescents: A retrospective observational study

AbstractObjective: To analyze the clinical and socio-demographic features in a sample of 10–17 years-old immigrant inpatients with a psychiatric disorder. Method: One hundred and thirty-eight immigrant adolescents, 138 Italian controls age, gender, and diagnosis-matched were enrolled. Socio-demographic and clinical features were carried out from medical records. Immigrants were divided into three groups according to the migratory processes: first-generation participants immigrated alone (IAs) to reunite with their parents (58%); first-generation participants immigrated with their parents (IPs) (13.8%); second-generation participants (SGIs), born in Italy from immigrant parents (25.3%). Results: The onset of psychiatric symptoms in IAs occurred mainly after the first-year of stay in Italy (80.2%, p = 0.036, OR 5.25), while IPs were more likely to begin showing their symptoms 5 years after immigration. Moreover, IAs were more likely to be admitted to the emergency room for the first occurrence of an acute p...