Questions Online Research Articles

Lived Experience Views on What Contributes to Self-Injury Stigma: A Thematic Analysis

Growing research has sought to understand non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) stigma. To build on this literature, we qualitatively explored what young adults with lived experience of NSSI believed contributed to its stigmatization. Participants (n = 97) were asked open-ended online questions about what they perceived as contributing to NSSI stigma, which were then analysed via reflexive thematic analysis. Resultant themes indicated that participants believe stigma stems from people, who do not self-injure, misunderstanding self-injury as attention-seeking or conflate it with suicide; they also believe that the media may play a role in this regard (e.g., glamourization, inaccurate portrayals of recovery). Findings offer initial support for a recent theoretical framework for NSSI stigma and point to several implications, which are discussed.

교사의 소진 경험 및 지원 요구에 관한 CQR-M 연구

Purpose: This study aimed to identify factors influencing burnout experienced by teachers, understand their coping behaviors for overcoming burnout, and determine the support they need for burnout prevention and recovery. Methods: A total of 340 teachers from elementary, middle, and high schools in Chungcheongnam Province responded to open-ended questions online. Data were analyzed using the Modified Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR-M) method. Results: Factors influencing teacher burnout were grouped into seven categories. These categories include 'severity of student problem behavior, crises, and guidance challenges (25.8%)', 'complaints and infringement on teachers' rights by students and parents (19.3%)', 'unfair task assignments and workload (15.4%)', 'conflicts with parents and their negative attitudes (14.0%)', and 'lack of social support and cooperation within the school (14.0%)'. Coping strategies for overcoming burnout were grouped into nine categories, including 'seeking social support and cooperation (24.7%)', 'engaging in self-care activities (24.0%)', 'waiting or leaving it alone (14.0%)', and 'participating in counseling, therapy, or training (9.7%)'. Teachers’ needs for support for preventing and overcoming burnout were analyzed into eight categories, including 'restoration and enhancement of teachers' rights (24.2%)', 'improvement of the work environment to focus on teaching (20.5%)', 'support for counseling, therapy, and training (14.1%)', 'support for student guidance (10.9%)', and 'support for rest (10.1%)'. Conclusion: These findings provide insights into teachers' experiences of burnout and offer implications for preventing and alleviating teacher burnout.

Is Information About Musculoskeletal Malignancies From Large Language Models or Web Resources at a Suitable Reading Level for Patients?

Patients and caregivers may experience immense distress when receiving the diagnosis of a primary musculoskeletal malignancy and subsequently turn to internet resources for more information. It is not clear whether these resources, including Google and ChatGPT, offer patients information that is readable, a measure of how easy text is to understand. Since many patients turn to Google and artificial intelligence resources for healthcare information, we thought it was important to ascertain whether the information they find is readable and easy to understand. The objective of this study was to compare readability of Google search results and ChatGPT answers to frequently asked questions and assess whether these sources meet NIH recommendations for readability. (1) What is the readability of ChatGPT-3.5 as a source of patient information for the three most common primary bone malignancies compared with top online resources from Google search? (2) Do ChatGPT-3.5 responses and online resources meet NIH readability guidelines for patient education materials? This was a cross-sectional analysis of the 12 most common online questions about osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and Ewing sarcoma. To be consistent with other studies of similar design that utilized national society frequently asked questions lists, questions were selected from the American Cancer Society and categorized based on content, including diagnosis, treatment, and recovery and prognosis. Google was queried using all 36 questions, and top responses were recorded. Author types, such as hospital systems, national health organizations, or independent researchers, were recorded. ChatGPT-3.5 was provided each question in independent queries without further prompting. Responses were assessed with validated reading indices to determine readability by grade level. An independent t-test was performed with significance set at p < 0.05. Google (n = 36) and ChatGPT-3.5 (n = 36) answers were recorded, 12 for each of the three cancer types. Reading grade levels based on mean readability scores were 11.0 ± 2.9 and 16.1 ± 3.6, respectively. This corresponds to the eleventh grade reading level for Google and a fourth-year undergraduate student level for ChatGPT-3.5. Google answers were more readable across all individual indices, without differences in word count. No difference in readability was present across author type, question category, or cancer type. Of 72 total responses across both search modalities, none met NIH readability criteria at the sixth-grade level. Google material was presented at a high school reading level, whereas ChatGPT-3.5 was at an undergraduate reading level. The readability of both resources was inadequate based on NIH recommendations. Improving readability is crucial for better patient understanding during cancer treatment. Physicians should assess patients' needs, offer them tailored materials, and guide them to reliable resources to prevent reliance on online information that is hard to understand. Level III, prognostic study.

Characterizing the Online Discourse on Facial Paralysis: What Patients Are Asking and Where They Find Answers.

Background: With the rising popularity of online search tools, patients seeking information on facial palsy are increasingly turning to the Internet for medical knowledge. Objective: To categorize the most common online questions about Bell's palsy or facial paralysis and the sources that provide answers to those queries. Methods: Query volumes for terms pertaining to facial palsy were obtained using Google Search trends. The top 40 keywords associated with the terms "Bell's palsy" and "facial paralysis" were extracted. People Also Ask (PAA) Questions-a Google search engine response page feature-were used to identify the top questions associated with each keyword. Results: A total of 151 PAA Questions pertaining to the top 40 keywords associated with "Bell's palsy" and "facial paralysis" were identified. Etiology questions were most frequent (n = 50, 33.1%), meanwhile those pertaining to treatment were most accessible (119.5 average search engine response pages/question, 35.5%). Most sources were academic (n = 81, 53.6%). Medical practice group sites were most accessible (211.9 average search engine response pages/website, 44.8%). Conclusion: Most PAA questions pertained to etiology and were sourced by academic sites. Questions regarding treatment and medical practice sites appeared on more search engine response pages when compared with all other categories.

Attitudinal barriers to buprenorphine prescription and former waiver training.

Opioid use disorder (OUD) can be effectively treated with buprenorphine maintenance. Recent changes in federal policy have removed the requirement for physicians to complete additional training to apply for a Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) waiver to prescribe buprenorphine. At that time, few primary care providers (PCPs) had completed the training for a DEA waiver to prescribe buprenorphine. Our goal was to identify addressable barriers that may persist despite updates to federal legislation. A 42-item survey was distributed to 662 physicians and nurse practitioners at two academic medical centers with 100 respondents. The survey was sent via email and administered anonymously through SurveyMonkey. All participants were PCPs, and all PCPs at the two academic medical centers were eligible to participate. PCPs responded to the survey by answering questions online. PCPs answered questions regarding previous buprenorphine waiver training status, local OUD prevalence, the effectiveness of OUD treatment modalities, and previous barriers to training. Respondents were compared using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Of the 100 respondents (response rate: 15 percent), 69 percent had not completed the training. Ninety-nine percent of PCPs agreed that OUD was an issue in their area, 94 percent saw patients with OUD, and 91 percent rated buprenorphine maintenance as a very effective treatment for OUD. Previously waivered and nonwaivered providers did not differ in their responses to these questions. Those who had been waivered were less likely to say they did not see enough patients with OUD to justify training (odds ratio [OR] 0.267, p = 0.005) and were less likely to express concern about allowing patients with OUD into their practice (OR 0.348, p = 0.020) than PCPs who had applied for the DEA waiver. Despite nonwaivered PCPs recognizing OUD's prevalence, they were concerned about allowing patients with OUD into their practice and said there were not enough patients to justify training. This suggests that attitudinal barriers are the most appropriate target for current intervention.

Ranking occupations by their proximity to workers’ profiles

Information friction makes it difficult for job seekers to find new employment opportunities. We propose a method for providing individual-specific occupation recommendations by ranking occupations based on their proximity to the worker’s profile. We identify a set of twelve skills, abilities and work styles that capture the worker-oriented requirements of all occupations and discuss how to measure these items using online questions and tasks. We use the Euclidean distance between the measured items pertaining to a worker and the requirements of an occupation to measure the proximity between job seekers and occupations. We show that the proximity between job seekers’ profiles and their preunemployment occupation predicts their intention to change occupations, thus suggesting that our method captures a meaningful conceptualization of mismatch. We also show that our method generates recommendations that differ from the previous occupations of mismatched job seekers, thereby potentially expanding their search scope.

Psychometric Properties of Various Factorial Models of the ORTO-15 Tested With Brazilian Respondents.

The ORTO-15 is a commonly used screening instrument for symptoms of Orthorexia Nervosa (ON), an obsessive overconcern with healthy eating. However, its limitations have been evidenced in several published factorial models. We analyzed the psychometric properties of seven different ORTO-15 factorial models using data from Brazilian adult participants (n = 1455; 71.4% women; M age = 29.5, SD = 8.9 years) from the country's five macro-regions who answered online questions for sample characterization and completed the Portuguese version of the ORTO-15 containing 15 items. We tested the fit of each model separately, analyzing data for men and women with separate confirmatory factor analysis, and using the Weighted Least Squares Mean and Variance Adjusted estimation method and goodness-of-fit indices. We also calculated the average variance extracted and the alpha ordinal and omega coefficients to analyze the convergent validity and reliability of the factors. None of the models tested presented adequate properties of validity and reliability. Although we found some acceptable reliability coefficients, they do not guarantee the validity of the data. Future investigators should be cautious when choosing the ORTO-15 for ON screening.

Limited access to transcranial Doppler screening and stroke prevention for children with sickle cell disease in Europe: Results of a multinational EuroBloodNet survey.

Ensuring equitable access to adequate standard of care for patients with rare hematological disease is one of the aims of the European Reference Network (ERN) EuroBloodNet. Stroke is one of the most devastating complications for children with sickle cell disease (SCD). For effective prevention of stroke risk, annual transcranial Doppler (TCD) according to a defined protocol is recommended for patients aged 2-16years, with red blood cell transfusion therapy for those at risk. There is no information regarding screening for stroke risk and stroke prevention programs in Europe. Seven SCD experts of five healthcare providers (HCPs) of ERN EuroBloodNet developed an online survey to assess the access to TCD screening and stroke prevention programs for children with SCD in Europe. Eighty-one experts in 77 HCPs from 16 European countries responded to 16 online questions. Thirty-two of 77 (51%) HCPs were EuroBloodNet reference centers, and 36% physicians reported not having a dedicated TCD/TCD imaging service for children with SCD. Only 30% of physicians provided estimates that all their patients received annual TCD according to the standard protocol due to lack of trained staff (43%), lack of TCD instruments (11%), refusal of patients due to logistical difficulties (22%), and lack of funds for dedicated staff or equipment (11%). This multinational European survey provides the first comprehensive picture of access to TCD screening and stroke prevention in European countries. Identifying the potential underlying causes of the lack of effective standardized screening, this survey also addresses possible dedicated actions to cover these needs.

Validation of the Chinese version of the Whooley questions for community screening of postpartum depression

BackgroundThe study aims to validate the Whooley questions for screening postpartum depression in Chinese women in a community setting. MethodsThe Whooley questions was translated into Chinese following Beaton's intercultural debugging guidelines. From December 1, 2020 to June 30, 2021, primary maternal and child health workers in Kaifu District and Changsha County in Changsha City recruited women aged 18 years or older who had recently given birth during home visits within seven days of discharge from hospital. Participants women completed the Whooley questions online and underwent a diagnostic interview for DSM-IV within 7 days of the visit. We evaluated Cronbach's alpha, split-half reliability, area under the ROC curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and optimal cut-off value of the Whooley questions. ResultsOf the 3,004 eligible women, 1,862 completed the Whooley questions and diagnostic interviews. Sixty-two women (3.3%) were diagnosed with depressive disorders. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.64, the split-half reliability was 0.64. The optimal cut-off value was when at least one questions was answered “yes”, with an AUC of 0.84 (SE=0.03, 95%CI 0.78–0.90, P<0.001), sensitivity of 0.77 (95%CI 0.65–0.87), specificity of 0.89 (95%CI 0.88–0.90), PPV of 0.20 (95%CI 0.15–0.25) and NPV of 0.99 (95%CI 0.98–1.00). ConclusionThis study shows that the Chinese version of the Whooley questions is a reliable tool for screening postpartum depression in the community, but it may lead to many false positive cases.

#2034 CKD-MBD management: results from a national survey on bone turnover biomarkers practice and therapeutic strategies among Italian nephrologists

Abstract Background and Aims Advanced stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are constantly characterized by a mineral and bone disorders (MBD) syndrome concerning a complex systemic condition that includes laboratory abnormalities of bone and mineral metabolism involving calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), or vitamin D; abnormalities in bone turnover, mineralization, volume, or strength; extra-skeletal calcifications, such as vascular or other soft tissue. CKD-MBD syndrome determines relevant consequences in terms of fragility fractures, cardiovascular events and higher mortality. The nephrologist's awareness of CKD-MBD diagnostic and management tools and therapeutic strategies is key to improving CKD patients’ prognosis and outcomes. Method A new national survey (composed of 17 online questions) was conducted among Italian nephrologists to investigate the reference laboratory availability of bone turnover markers (BTMs), the clinical attitude on secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHPT) management, and the CKD-MBD therapeutic approach in different stages of CKD and dialysis patients. Results 89 Italian nephrologists participated in the survey. The reference laboratories largely fulfill the biomarkers request of ionized calcium (97.7%), phosphorus (100%), PTH (100%), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (100%), magnesium (100%), 25-OH and 1,25-OH vitamin D levels (92.1%; 53.9%); while most of the hospital laboratories do not regularly support the availability of specific BTMs, both for diagnosis and monitoring the bone resorption and formation (Fig. 1)—such as bone ALP (75.3%), calcifediol (37.1%), calcitriol (40.5%), fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) (intact 9% and c-terminal 4.5%), vitamin K (33.7%), Klotho (6.75%, soluble 4.5%), osteocalcin (38.2%), matrix gla protein (10.1%), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRAP-5b) (6.75%), cross-linked collagen type I peptide (CTX) (32.6%) and procollagen type 1 n-terminal propeptide (P1NP) (10.1%). The nephrologist's attitude to start management and treatment of sHPT is revealed to be mainly led by KDOQI (n = 42, 47%) and KDIGO (n = 39, 44%) guidelines considering their PTH cut-off values; in 53.9% of clinicians the measure of PTH levels is then performed every 3 months according to KDOQI guidelines. In relation to the definition of high turnover metabolic bone disease by BTMs, this metabolic pattern is identified in &amp;gt; 50% and 30-40% of patients with CKD 4-5D by 31.5% and 21.4% of nephrologists, respectively. 65% of clinicians currently considered ALP of equal importance as alterations of PTH as a predictor of fracture events. Other biomarkers, such as FGF-23, P1NP or TRAP-5b, emerge to not be still used in regular clinical practice. In patients diagnosed with CKD-MBD and skeletal fragility, 76.4% of nephrologists consider the AIFA (Italian Medicines Agency) note 79 to support osteoporosis treatment. The therapeutic strategies of CKD-MBD include the administration of vitamin D (e.g. cholecalciferol 27-37.1%, calcifediol 9-12.4%, calcitriol 42.7-55.1%) and its analogues (e.g. paricalcitol 23.6-52.8%) and the use of antiresorptive agents (e.g. alendronate 3.4%-23.6%, denosumab 22.5%-30.3%) with variable frequencies among different advanced CKD stages and for those patients on peritoneal or hemodialysis (Fig. 2). Conclusion Results present a suboptimal use of BTMs and a current heterogeneous therapeutic management of CKD-MBD syndrome and renal osteodystrophy in Italian clinical practice. The survey represents a starting point of work to further implement awareness of diagnostic and therapeutic issues of CKD-MBD.

Singapore nurses’ perception of professional identity

Introduction: Nurses’ professional identity is important for their career orientation and clinical practice. This study explored Singaporean nurses’ perceptions of professional identity. The results provide an understanding of how guided learning and reflection could help nurses in their professional identity formation and development. Methods: Using an exploratory descriptive qualitative research study and purposive sampling by researchers teaching in the programme, 64 Registered Nurses with a diploma qualification pursuing a Bachelor of Science degree with Honours in Nursing programme in Singapore were invited to participate. They responded to open ended survey questions online, which were analysed using a thematic analysis. Ethical approval was obtained. Results: All 64 first year students were invited to participate at the start of the module and upon the completion. The response rates were 94% and 81% respectively. Two overarching themes – “nurses as professionals with knowledge and moral character” and “the construction of professional identity” - emerged from the data. Conclusion: The nurses perceived their professional nursing identity as a construct comprised of knowledge and moral characteristics, which is consistent with international literature. A professional nursing identity, relationships with other healthcare professionals, patients and confidence in practice were all interrelated. Guided reflection and discussion on clinical experiences and social interactions helped students become aware of their professional identity and responsibilities. Such purposive educational effort needs to be started early and supported through the students’ educational journey into clinical practice. Keywords: Professional Identity of Nursing, Singapore Nurses, Image of Nursing, Social Perception of Nursing in Singapore, Nurse Education

Empowering jurors to ask questions about the expert evidence in criminal trials

Jurors in common law jurisdictions receive a large amount of complex information about their role in the court process at the start of the trial. One common instruction is that, if the jurors have any questions, they can put their questions in writing to the judge. This article explores whether the current jury question process offers jurors a viable way in which to fill in perceived gaps in their comprehension of expert evidence. It does so by providing rare insight into the views of real jurors, judges, expert witnesses and lawyers from 55 Australian criminal jury trials. The results reveal that whilst most study participants believed jurors should be able to ask questions during the trial, in practice, some jurors were either too intimidated or unaware that they could do so. These findings should help inform judges as to how best to moderate the jury question process. Ensuring that jurors feel comfortable to ask questions of experts is likely to reduce the need for jurors to seek answers to their questions online and consequently safeguards the imperative of all adversarial justice systems; to offer a fair trial, based on the evidence presented during the trial.

What are our patients asking Google about acromioclavicular joint injuries?—frequently asked online questions and the quality of online resources

Management of acromioclavicular (AC) joint injuries has been an ongoing source of debate, with over 150 variations of surgery described in the literature. Without a consensus on surgical technique, patients are seeking answers to common questions through internet resources. This study investigates the most common online patient questions pertaining to AC joint injuries and the quality of the websites providing information. 1) Question topics will pertain to surgical indications, pain management, and success of surgery and 2) the quality and transparency of online information are largely heterogenous. Three AC joint search queries were entered into the Google Web Search. Questions under the "People also ask" tab were expanded in order and 100 results for each query were included (300 total). Questions were categorized based on Rothwell's classification. Websites were categorized by source. Website quality was evaluated by the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Benchmark Criteria. Most questions fell into the Rothwell Fact category (48.0%). The most common question topics were surgical indications (28.0%), timeline of recovery (13.0%), and diagnosis/evaluation (12.0%). The least common question topics were anatomy/function (3.3%), evaluation of surgery (3.3%), injury comparison (1.0%), and cost (1.0%). The most common websites were medical practice (44.0%), academic (22.3%), and single surgeon personal (12.3%). The average JAMA score for all websites was 1.0 ± 1.3. Government websites had the highest JAMA score (4.0 ± 0.0) and constituted 45.8% of all websites with a score of 4/4. PubMed articles constituted 63.6% (7/11) of government website. Comparatively, medical practice websites had the lowest JAMA score (0.3 ± 0.7, range [0-3]). Online patient AC joint injury questions pertain to surgical indications, timeline of recovery, and diagnosis/evaluation. Government websites and PubMed articles provide the highest-quality sources of reliable, up-to-date information but constitute the smallest proportion of resources. In contrast, medical practice represents the most visited websites, however, recorded the lowest quality score. Physicians should utilize this information to answer frequently asked questions, guide patient expectations, and help provide and identify reliable online resources.

(235) Use of Bremelanotide (Vyleesi) in Men with Sexual Dysfunctions

Abstract Introduction Bremelanotide (Vyleesi) is an FDA approved medication for the safe and efficacious treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women, however phase 3 trials revealed it improved arousal and orgasm as well. As a centrally acting drug it was expected to be effective to treat sexual dysfunctions in men and has been prescribed off label routinely in our practice. Objective The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the use of bremelanotide in men with various sexual dysfunctions, the reasons why the medication was prescribed, improvements in sexual function and overall satisfaction, and side effects experienced. Methods This one-group study design involved men from a single clinic with various sexual dysfunctions prescribed bremelanotide beginning May 1, 2021. After signing consent participants answered the Quality of Life (QOL) Dimension of Sexual Quality of Life Questionnaire, the Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I) and the General Assessment Questions (GAQ) online. After confirming they had used the medication at least twice, participants completed a structured interview over the telephone with a single interviewer. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the study cohort. Adverse events were collected. Results To date a total of 21 men signed consent and 19 completed the online questionnaires. 80% of these men were more satisfied with their lovemaking and duration of lovemaking; 93% reported vaginal insertion was easier and 71% said it was easier to orgasm. With regard to feelings about initiating lovemaking, 86% were more at ease and 79% anticipated it would be more pleasurable and more carefree. 69% believed orgasm was more pleasurable and 73% said that lovemaking was more pleasurable while 79% reported that the partner’s overall experience was more pleasurable. Using the PGI-I, 53% of participants felt that sexual function after using bremelanotide was a little better, much better, or very much better. Additional questions online revealed similar results. Twelve men completed the one-on-one interview: 69% of participants were prescribed bremelanotide for erectile dysfunction. 64% had at least other one sexual health issue, including anxiety about sex (54%), low sexual desire (45%), not enjoying sex (36%), orgasm difficulties (18%), and ejaculation difficulties and sensation loss (9% each). A total of 91% experienced improvements in sexual function, all with improved erectile function. 100% of those with complaints of low sexual desire and/or complaints of anxiety around sex reported improvement; 64% had decreased anxiety around sex; 55% had more enjoyment with sex; and orgasm improved for 36% of participants. Men reported longer erection and ability for additional erection for 18-24 hours after bremelanotide injection, better connection between genitals and brain, improved sensitivity, and increased confidence. Side effects included flushing (36%), nausea (36%), headache (27%), bothersome spontaneous erections without sexual stimulation for about 24 hours after injection (27%), and incontinence, cramping and abdominal burning (9% each). All adverse events were transient. Conclusions While bremelanotide is approved for hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women, it has been prescribed and used successfully for men with erectile dysfunction and other concomitant sexual health issues. Disclosure Yes, this is sponsored by industry/sponsor: Palatin Technologies. Clarification: Industry funding only - investigator initiated and executed study. Any of the authors act as a consultant, employee or shareholder of an industry for: Palatin Technologies.

Early life stress and mental health – Attentional bias, executive function and resilience as moderating and mediating factors

Early life stress (ELS) refers to exposure to negative events in childhood such as abuse and neglect. The Dimensional Model of Adversity and Psychopathology categorizes ELS into threat (e.g., abuse) or deprivation (e.g., neglect). Threat is linked to attentional bias toward threatening stimuli, whereas deprivation is associated with executive function impairment. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of attentional bias, executive functions and resilience between ELS-threat and ELS-deprivation and mental health. Across two studies, 316 participants completed online questions regarding ELS, resilience and mental health. Study 1 participants completed the N-back task to assess attentional bias. Study 2 participants completed questions regarding executive function. Results showed no association between ELS-threat and attentional bias. ELS-threat predicted poor mental health. ELS-deprivation and ELS-threat were associated with poorer executive function. More importantly, the effect of ELS-deprivation on resilience was buffered by higher executive function. Greater ELS-deprivation led to a steeper decline of resilience for individuals with higher executive function. Lower resilience was linked to poor mental health. The study suggests that, although ELS-deprivation may lead to negative mental health, interventions that help increase executive function in children could improve their resilience and promote mental health.

Online entrepreneurship teaching and learning approaches: A South African conceptual perspective

In this conceptual paper, we review literature on entrepreneurship education with the aim of determining viable approaches for teaching entrepreneurship using online platforms. We discuss existing studies on constructivism as a theoretical framework and examine how entrepreneurship education can be offered through online teaching, as well as the effectiveness and the design of online teaching for entrepreneurship education. We used a conceptual analysis methodology and also conducted a library search to examine previous pertinent literature on online entrepreneurship education. Our findings indicate that online entrepreneurship education should be grounded in constructivism as a learning theory. Additionally, during online entrepreneurship learning, lecturers should introduce and explain new concepts by using students' prior knowledge and should assign practical and experiential tasks. Our findings also show that online activities should allow students to interpret and assimilate new knowledge, and that online entrepreneurship modules should incorporate learning by doing and experiential learning. Lecturers should also provide feedback as part of online entrepreneurship learning and, at the end of such learning, lecturers should assign online questions that provide an opportunity for students to reflect on their learning and knowledge.

An evaluation of Online Training Effectiveness and Pre-Service and In-Service Teacher Satisfaction: A Case Study from Nigeria

This study evaluates the perceptions of 122 pre-service and in-service Nigerian teachers on adopting an online training module during the COVID-19 pandemic, a period marked by significant educational challenges and shifts. Employing a qualitative approach through open-ended online questions, it delves into the factors critical to enhancing online training effectiveness. Key findings highlight the importance of training in imparting theoretical knowledge and practical skills, the quality and relevance of content, interactivity, practical examples, and appropriate video length. These align with existing literature, underscoring the effectiveness of online training in challenging times. Significantly, nearly all participants expressed satisfaction with the training. This research not only sheds light on effective online teaching strategies but also offers practical recommendations for the continuous improvement of teacher training in Nigeria.

First-year university students’ understanding of function concepts encountered in Grade 12 Mathematics: a case study

This article focuses on first-year university students’ understanding of concepts related to third-degree polynomial and trigonometric functions that they encountered during their study of Grade 12 mathematics. In this study three online questions from two firstyear mathematics quizzes at the University of KwaZulu-Natal were analysed. The first question focused on the characteristics of a polynomial function, while the second and third questions focused on the characteristics of trigonometric functions. The characteristics included calculus-related concepts, for example, intervals of increase or decrease, concavity and local extrema. It was found that about a fifth of the participants (n = 557), science students who studied the core mathematics module Introduction to Calculus, had difficulties in answering those calculus-related questions compared to determining the general non-calculus characteristics, for example, the range and domain. The study also found that about a quarter of the participants lacked relational understanding with regard to calculus-related concepts. This study recommends that lecturers need to spend more time on calculus-related concepts of a function that focus on relational understanding.

Pengaruh Organisasi Mahasiswa terhadap Kemampuan Manajemen Konflik Mahasiswa PGSD FKIP UNRI

This research aims to determine the conflict management abilities of PGSD FKIP UNRI students who join the organization. When joining an organization, students will face many people with various characters to achieve the same goal. Therefore, various kinds of conflicts will arise that need to be faced and resolved by students who join the organization. Students' conflict management skills while in an organization can be a training ground for students to prepare for the world of work later. This research is qualitative research, which was conducted on 15 respondents using a questionnaire instrument. In its implementation, the questionnaire was distributed to students who were participating or had previously participated in the PGSD FKIP UNRI Study Program. All respondents answered questions online. The research results show that all respondents can be said to be good or indicated to be good in managing conflict according to the indicators used.

FINANCIAL WELL-BEING FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGs): FAMILY AS THE FOUNDATION

This study aims to evaluate the influence of parents (explicit and implicit) on the financial well-being of emerging adult workers in Malaysia. At the same time, this study will also examine if financial behaviour can mediate between parental influence and financial well-being. Respondents aged 19 to 29 from Sabah, Pahang, Perak, Selangor, and Melaka answered 500 survey-based online questions. The hypothetical model was statistically tested via Partial Least Square (SmartPLS) version 3.3.2. Results show that both implicit and explicit features of family financial socialisation considerably impact emerging adults’ financial conduct. However, implicit factors significantly impact emerging adults’ financial conduct more than explicit factors. Results also confirm the role of financial behaviours as a mediator between the influence of parents and the financial well-being of emerging adults. Therefore, this study supports the hypothesis that parental effects extend beyond infancy to emerging adulthood. Parents may aid their children by demonstrating and imitating healthy financial behaviours and directing and guiding them. The requirement of boosting financial well-being to meet the SDGs goals is stressed in this study since the financial component is vital to success.