Online Data Transmission Research Articles

An electronic patient-reported outcome symptom monitor: the Chinese experience with rapid development of a ready-to-go symptom monitor

BackgroundMonitoring symptoms is crucial for the early detection of disease progression and timely intervention, which is essential for reducing severe cases and mortality rates in rapidly spreading pandemics, such as COVID-19. Therefore, during infectious disease pandemics, the rapid development of real-time symptom monitoring platforms is essential. This study aimed to explore the urgent development process of an electronic system for patient-reported outcome monitoring in emergency situations.MethodsThe development of the electronic patient-reported outcome COVID-19 symptom monitoring platform (ePRO-CoV-SM) included the following steps: (1) modifying an electronic patient-reported outcome symptom-reporting platform to assess patients with COVID-19 and validating its feasibility and sensitivity for longitudinal symptom measurement; (2) updating the system to accommodate the newly emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 BA.2.2 variant; and (3) applying it in real-world settings. Literature review, expert consultation, and subject-group discussions were used to develop symptom items. Response rate and missing item rate were used as validation indicators for ePRO-CoV-SM.ResultsThe ePRO-CoV-SM (2.0) consists of a core set of symptom items, a WeChat mini program, an online project design backend, a management and communication front, and a database. During the 2020 verification, the response rate of ePRO symptom monitoring reached 89.47% and the item missing rate was 0.33%, the monitoring revealed that a considerable number of asymptomatic patients were experiencing undesirable symptoms during the isolation period. In its real-world application in 2022, the response rate was 85.93% and the item missing rate was 4.84%, the monitoring found the symptom burden was higher in the younger group (18–40 years old) than in the older group (40–67 years old), and over 30% of patients reported symptoms such as cough (36.08%), dry mouth (35.67%), sleep disorders (32.27%), appetite loss (32.17%), and sputum (30.79%) during the isolation period.ConclusionsElectronic patient-reported outcome measurement was demonstrated to be sensitive and feasible for monitoring symptoms in patients with COVID-19. By integrating smartphone-based data collection with real-time online data transmission and secure data storage using Secure Sockets Layer encryption, an electronic platform for monitoring critical symptoms can be rapidly established in emergency situations.

Research on online data transmission technology in a marine controlled-source electromagnetic transmitter

Abstract. This paper proposes a method for acquiring complete status information and data from the marine controlled-source electromagnetic (MCSEM) transmitter during offshore experiments. The subordinate machine system is constructed on the STM32 platform and incorporates a real-time operating system. It utilizes the internet of things (IoT) concept to interconnect various modules within the transmitter, enabling intelligent control and management. At the same time, data are uploaded to the control room on the deck through photoelectric composite cables, and the host computer's software, designed with Python language, will process and store all the data. This allows workers on the deck to control the subordinate computer and obtain high-precision, complete data in real time. The joint tests between the subordinate and host computers have demonstrated the stability and reliability of the online transmitter system, which provides significant convenience for offshore exploration.

Online Data Transmission Reduction Scheme for Energy Conservation in Wireless Video Sensor Networks

Online Data Transmission Reduction Scheme for Energy Conservation in Wireless Video Sensor Networks

Chatbots or Humans? Effects of Agent Identity and Information Sensitivity on Users’ Privacy Management and Behavioral Intentions: A Comparative Experimental Study between China and the United States

Chatbots have been widely adopted to support online customer service and supplement human agents. However, online data transmission may involve privacy issues and arouse users’ privacy concerns. In order to understand the privacy management mechanism when interacting with chatbots and human agents, we designed a cross-national comparative study and conducted online experiments in China and the United States based on Communication Privacy Management (CPM) theory. The results show that privacy concerns and boundary linkage played different mediation roles between agent identity and the intention to disclose as well as the intention to use the service. Information sensitivity had a significant moderating effect on the mechanism. Our research contributes to a better understanding of personal boundary management in the context of human-machine interaction.

Real‐time vibration monitoring and analysis of agricultural tractor drivers using an IoT‐based system

AbstractAgricultural tractor drivers experience a high amplitude of vibration, especially during soil tillage operations. In the past, most research studied vibration exposure with more focus on the vertical (z) axis than on the fore‐and‐aft (x) and lateral (y) axes. This study examines how rotary soil tillage affects the vibration acceleration and frequency, and the power spectral densities (PSDs) at the seat pan and head along three translational axes in a real‐field multiaxis vibration context. Moreover, this study aimed to identify the characteristics of the seat‐to‐head transmissibility (STHT) response to identifying the most salient resonant frequencies along the x‐, y‐, and z‐axes. Nine (9) male tractor drivers operated the tractor with a mounted rotary tiller throughout the soil tillage process. In the event of a COVID‐19 pandemic, and to respect social distancing, this study developed an Internet of Things (IoT) module with the potential to integrate with existing data loggers for online data transmission and to make the experimentation process more effective by removing potential sources of experimenter errors. The raw acceleration data retrieved at the seat pan and the head were utilized to obtain daily exposure (A(8)), PSDs, and STHT along the x‐, y‐, and z‐axes. The vibration energy was found to be dominant along the z‐axis than the x‐ and y‐axes. A(8) response among tractor drivers exceeds the exposure action value explicitly stated by Directive 2002/44/EU. PSDs along the x‐, y‐, and z‐axes depicted the low‐frequency vibration induced by rotary soil tillage operation. The STHT response exhibited a higher degree of transmissibility along the y‐ and z‐axes when compared with that along the x‐axis. The frequency range of 4–7 Hz may plausibly be associated with cognitive impairment in tractor drivers during rotary soil tillage.

A Mobile E‐Nose Prototype for Online Breath Analysis

AbstractExhaled breath provides information of individual's holistic physiological condition, making non‐invasive exhaled breath testing a convenient and effective choice for personalized health management. This work proposes a mobile e‐nose prototype equipped with a miniaturized gas delivering unit, an advanced sensor array, a customized analog to digital conversion circuit board, an online data transmission, and machine learning algorithms that can effectively detect and analyze volatile compounds in exhaled breath, providing a systematic design strategy for non‐invasive disease diagnosis. The gas sensor array, as a core element, is composed of eight graphene‐based chemiresistive materials which are sensitive to trace gas analytes. In an online breath test study with 401 cases, patients with respiratory diseases can be distinguished from the healthy with an overall accuracy higher than 80%. In addition, classification of breath samples between patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the healthy higher than 85% is achieved. These results indicate the proposed portable e‐nose prototype holds great promise in personalized health state monitoring.

Whole-body vibration: Characterization of seat-to-head transmissibility for agricultural tractor drivers during loader operation

The research is aimed at how the tractor drivers respond to whole-body vibrations (WBV) during real-field loader operation. Seat-to-head transmissibility (STHT) behavior of tractor drivers is characterized to examine the impact of WBV. Tractor with a mounted loader was driven by nine (9) male tractor drivers during the experiment. The vibration levels were tested along three translational axes at the seat pan and the head. This study developed an Internet of Things (IoT) module for online data transmission to increase the efficiency of experimentation by eliminating potential causes of experimenter error. The data were examined using weighted root mean square acceleration (Aw), daily exposure A (8), signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios, power spectral density (PSD), and STHT. The vertical (z) axis dominated vibration exposure levels at the seat pan and head. A(8) response was measured to be greater than the exposure action value limit of 0.5 m/s2 as specified by Directive 2002/44/EU. PSDs at the head and seat pan showed low-frequency dominating frequencies. In the 4–7 Hz and 8–12 Hz frequency bands, respectively, STHT showed primary and secondary resonance. Tractor designers and manufacturers could use the research's findings to reduce high vibration amplitudes and important resonance frequencies to enhance the tractor ride.

A hard fork in the road: developing an effective regulatory framework for public blockchains

ABSTRACT Over the past decade, public blockchains have emerged as innovative, technology platforms capable of highly secure and sophisticated peer-to-peer online transmission of data between unknown parties. However, public blockchains challenge traditional regulatory models that assume centralised, single points of control facilitated via established intermediaries. In such a context, the present paper analyses the potential liability attaching to blockchain participants and considers how privacy laws apply to blockchain transactions, given the immutable nature of blockchain records. The paper then recommends reforms to strengthen blockchain regulation, including statutory recognition of fiduciary obligations for elite developers with super-user access to allow recourse for loss resulting from hard forks. A ‘hard fork’ is a radical change to a network’s protocol that leads to formerly valid blocks and transactions becoming invalid or vice-versa. Finally, the paper considers changes to privacy laws to permit ongoing consent and cross-border disclosure of data to accommodate blockchain operations.

Monitoring of moving objects in the absence of a GSM signal

Many modern transport processes require constant on-line monitoring and management. However, the main difficulty lies in the lack of a stable GSM connection. One of the possible solutions to this issue is the use of MESH networks. These represent the possibility of wireless communication between multiple entities, which are nodes on a distributed network. The article presents the results of the development of original local radio modules and a base station to ensure uninterrupted transmission of digital data from the monitoring object, in conditions of insufficient GSM coverage. The complex provides the following operating modes: simple interaction via a GSM channel, data transmission via a self-organizing network, as well as sensory interaction between objects. In the absence of GSM communication, the repeater provides on-line data transmission from the monitoring object, at a distance of up to 860 m, at a distance from the base station - at least 500 m. The use of the new complex makes it possible to promptly respond to changes in operating factors and prevent emergency situations during the operation of vehicles.

3-D modeling and monitoring system on intelligent film-lifting shovel based on BECKHOFF

Film shovel is the key device for mechanized operation of residual film recovery, in which the depth of soil breakage of the shovel is related to the degree of damage to the plastic film and the recovery efficiency of the residual film. However, the current mode of operation requires experience and visual inspection, which often leads to low level of mechanization and inefficient operation. The topic is to improve the existing residual film recovery device, focusing on the three-dimensional modeling and monitoring system of intelligent film lifting shovel. By optimizing the three-dimensional structure of the intelligent film-lifting shovel and kinematics simulation analysis based on Adams software, the design inclination angle of the loosening shovel is 60∘, and the breaking depth of the safe operation is 20–50 mm. Then through the use of Ethernet interface based on EtherCAT bus and the real-time bidirectional communication between BECKHOFF CX2030 controller and module and HMI, the on-line data transmission in the process of intelligent film shovel operation is realized. Field test results verify that the intelligent film-lifting shovel is feasible in the intelligent operation and recovery efficiency of the residual film recovery operation, which can greatly improve the efficiency of the whole machine operation.

Implementation of electronic stethoscope for online remote monitoring with mobile application

The stethoscope is a piece of medical standard equipment that isused by a physician for an initial examination of the patient. Generally, the stethoscopeis used for auscultating sounds which are generated by the workings of organ systems such as cardiac, lung or digestive. In the present condition with the growing number of the patient population, it has an impact on the burden of hospitals and medical practitioners. So that treatment is not optimal, especially patients who need continuous monitoring. Thus it needs a system that can work dynamically, flexibly and remotely based. This paper focuses on the implementation of the electronic stethoscope which is integrated with a mobile phone as the modality of online data transmission through the internet network. The prototype of an electronic stethoscope uses condenser mic, pre-amplifier, wide bandpass filter (20 Hz-1 KHz) and audio amplifier. The maximum gain is 28.63 dB in the 20 Hz-690 Hz frequency range. The signal output can be connected to the android mobile through the jacked phone to be stored in MP3 format and then sent to the cloud server for further monitoring and analysis. The application called “Steder” supports realtime communication between patient and physician for medical check-up, consultation, and discussion activities.

On-line Data Transmission, as Part of the Seismic Evaluation Process in the Buildings Field

The thorough analytical modelling of seismic actions, of the structural system and of the foundation soil is essential for a proper dynamic analysis of a building. However, the validation of the used models should be made, whenever possible, with reference to results obtained from experimental investigations, building instrumentation and monitoring of vibrations generated by various seismic or non-seismic sources. In Romania, the permanent seismic instrumentation/monitoring of buildings is part of a special follow-up activity, performed in accordance with the P130/1999 code for the time monitoring of building behaviour and with the seismic design code, P100-2013. By using the state-of-the-art modern equipment (GeoSIG and Kinemetrics digital accelerographs) in the seismic network of the National Institute for Research and Development URBAN-INCERC, the instrumented buildings can be monitored remotely, with recorded data being sent to authorities or to research institutes in the field by a real-time data transmission system. The obtained records are processed, computing the Fourier amplitude spectra and the response spectra, and the modal parameters of buildings are determined. The paper presents some of the most important results of the institute in the field of building monitoring, focusing on the situation of some significant instrumented buildings located in different parts of the country. In addition, maps with data received from seismic stations after the occurrence of two recent Vrancea (Romania) earthquakes, showing the spatial distribution of ground accelerations, are presented, together with a comparative analysis, performed with reference to previous studies in the literature.

An electrochemical analyzer for in situ flow determination of Pb(ii) and Cd(ii) in lake water with on-line data transmission and a global positioning system

A potentiostat/galvanostat with wireless data transmission and a GPS receiver was applied to in situ flow analyses.

Enhancement in Security of LSB based Audio Steganography using Multiple Files

Steganography is one of the best data hiding technique in the world which can be used to hide data without its presence felt. In today’s digital world most of us communicate via use of electronic media or internet. Most people among us remain unaware about the data loss or data theft which can happen on online transmission of data or message. Valuable information including personal data, messages transmitted through internet is vulnerable to hackers who may steal or decrypt our data or messages. This paper is about enhancing the data or message security with use of Audio Steganography using LSB algorithm to hide the message into multiple audio files. The message hidden by this application is less vulnerable to be stolen than other similar applications. This is due to following reasons: Firstly multiple files are taken to hide high amount of message which enhance information hiding capacity. Secondly before being hidden, the message is broken into parts and shuffled randomly based on permutation generated at runtime so even if the LSB gets encountered the message is still unarranged and meaningless which enhances its security. This application is capable to carry large amount of information with greater security. General Terms LSB; Least Significant Bit; Stego file; Encrypted audio file

Underwater Laboratories for Astroparticle Physics and Deep Sea Science

The exploration of deep sea environments is presently at the dawn of a new era: underwater laboratories, permanently installed on the sea floor and offering power and on-line data transmission links to the shore, will allow to continuously monitor oceanographical properties. An important boost in this direction has been provided by the high energy physics scientific community, that aims at the realization of an underwater detector for cosmic high energy neutrinos. Neutrinos are considered a very promising probe for high energy astrophysics and many indications suggest that some of the most energetic sources known in the universe could also be high energy neutrino sources. The expected neutrino fluxes indicate that a km3-scale detector must be realised to achieve this ambitious aim. The quest for the realization of such a detector in the Mediterranean Sea has already started.

Development of a Real-time Remote Structural Monitoring Scheme for Civil Infrastructural Systems

Long-term structural monitoring has become an important requisite to ensure structural and operational safety for critical civil infrastructures. Long-term structural monitoring by acquiring data continuously or at small intervals may be difficult to achieve by employing conventional on-site monitoring methods. In order to overcome these difficulties remote structural monitoring (RSM), an advanced structural monitoring technique, can be used to acquire continuous data from the remotely instrumented structure. RSM methodology requires an interdisciplinary approach integrating areas such as structural engineering, sensor technology, communication technology, statistical mechanics, information technology for online data transmission (over larger distances) and damage detection/ health assessment of the structure. RSM has many advantages like, continuous monitoring, early alarm of any incipient damage, and data acquisition even in adverse climatic/environmental conditions. This article describes the development of an RSM scheme, developed at SERC, Chennai. The article outlines the laboratory and field investigations carried out to validate the developed scheme. Brief information about the observations and modifications made during these trials are also presented. A part of the work carried out for synthesizing online data using Auto Regressive Moving Average model is also presented.

Telemetry radio wave interactions with the atmospheric plasma

Model calculations of telemetry radio wave induced perturbations of the atmospheric plasma are presented. The computed results show that P-band radio waves (255–390 MHz) and to a much lesser extent S-band radio waves (1.5–5.2 GHz) both commonly used onboard atmospheric probes for online data transmission may cause perturbations of the electrical and optical properties of the atmosphere in the vicinity of the probes. It is shown that S- and P-band radio waves interact most efficiently with the atmospheric plasma at middle stratospheric and lower mesospheric altitudes, respectively. The calculations presented here may also explain well the first unambigous detection of artificial telemetry radio wave ions produced around the stratopause by Pfeilsticker and Arnold (1987, J. atmos. terr. Phys. 49, 11). Moreover, they reveal that several in situ measurements of various atmospheric electrical properties may have been affected by telemetry radio wave emissions of the payloads.

Data acquisition on a microcomputer and data processing on a mainframe: A communication problem

A communication link which has been developed between a microcomputer and a mainframe to support several requirements encountered in the context of research projects dealing with handwritten signature verification and character recognition is described in this paper. The software package, which has been coded in assembly language, allows on-line transmission of data from the microcomputer memory, the keyboard or diskette files to the host. It permits reception of data on the screen, the printer or the files of the microcomputer. Two approaches to error detection an and recovery have been sequentially implemented. A summary of the transmission algorithm is presented with the help of a schematic pseudocode.

Selection of prefix and postfix word fragments for data compression

In this paper a simple algorithm is used for selection of a set of codeable substrings that occur at the front or rear of the words in a textual data base. Since the words are assumed to be non-repeating, the technique is useful for data compression of dictionaries. The time complexity of the algorithm is governed by the associated sorting algorithm and hence is 0 ( n log n). It has been applied to three sample data bases, consisting of words selected from street names, authors names, or general written English text. The results show that the substrings at the rear of the words, yield better compression than those at the front. By application of results of an earlier study in compression coding, efficient encoding and decoding procedures are presented for use in on-line transmission of data.

An LSI most-memory in digital data of bubble chamber photograms transmission system

A system particularly suitable for the on-line transmission of data derived from semi-automatic tables has been developed to measure the events of high energy particles on bubble chamber photograms. The transmission is done by radio.