Online Chat Research Articles

Online Marketing through Consumers: A Study of Effectiveness of Tools and Techniques Across Industries

This study aims to examine how consumers' perceptions of brands and their purchasing decisions are influenced by various online marketing tools used in different industries, such as Word of Mouth (WOM), online chat assistance, and email advertising. The purpose of this research was to explore the relationship between these online marketing tools and their impact on brand perception and consumer purchasing decisions. While there are many factors that influence consumer purchasing decisions and brand perception, the most significant ones are word of mouth, online chat, and email. Our findings indicate that internet-active residents of India prefer word of mouth over online chat and email advertising. Many companies use word of mouth as an online marketing strategy to attract potential customers and influence their purchasing decisions and brand perception. There are no universal factors that affect consumer decisions in India but word of mouth, being cost-effective, is widely used by consumers and has proven to be effective. In India, the cultural emphasis on personal recommendations holds significant influence over consumer behavior. This preference has led to a growing trend where brands are leveraging the power of influencers to promote and market their products. This strategy allows brands to tap into the trust and authority that influencers hold within their respective communities, ultimately enhancing their reach and impact in the market.

Therapy for Therapists: Design Opportunities to Support the Psychological Well-being of Mental Health Workers

On-demand mental health services-including counseling, crisis hotlines, and peer support programs-are vital to the healthcare system, providing acute and ongoing support through telephone, online chats, and text messaging. Although such services have proven effective at reducing hopelessness, psychological pain, and suicidality, they put the providers of these services at high risk of burnout, secondary traumatic stress, and compassion fatigue. Our interviews with professionals from four mental health organizations revealed that while these workers have a strong motivation to help clients with mental health care needs, they face various challenges themselves, particularly regarding heavy caseloads, difficult crisis clients, and coping with repeated exposure to abuse and harassment. To overcome challenges, participants identify the need to be self-reliant and engage in self-care practices ranging from socializing with coworkers to yoga and meditation. Although organizations spend significant time training workers prior to their involvement with clients, the training typically lacks components on self-compassion and self-care. Designers might see technology as an opportunity to promote such practices; however, while technology is an integral part of their work routine, participants, irrespective of age, had misapprehensions regarding technology use in the mental health care space, including for managing their psychological well-being. We recommend design guidelines for HCI researchers, including developing contextualized just-in-time adaptive interventions to promote self-compassion and educating workers regarding the use of various technologies to manage their well-being.

Comparative Study of Academic Library Websites Using Web Content Management Systems

This study aimed to investigate and compare the features and functionality of academic library websites built on Web Content Management Systems (CMS) at four universities in Africa. The specific objectives included examining design and layout, identifying content types and resources, assessing interactivity and engagement, evaluating accessibility and usability, and reviewing performance and maintenance. Analysis of the four websites revealed that the University of Cape Town Libraries stood out for its excellent quality in design, layout, content availability, interactivity, accessibility, usability, and performance. In contrast, the Makerere University Libraries showed areas needing improvement, particularly in design, content accessibility, interactivity, and usability. The University of Pretoria Libraries exhibited high-quality performance across all categories, ensuring a positive user experience. Meanwhile, the University of Nairobi Libraries demonstrated potential for enhancement in design, interactivity, and accessibility, while maintaining strong performance and security. Based on these findings, several recommendations were made to enhance the websites' quality and user experience. For Makerere University Libraries, suggestions included improving design and layout, addressing content gaps, implementing accessible forums, and enhancing responsiveness. For the University of Nairobi Libraries, recommendations focused on improving design, providing accessible resources, incorporating online chat or forums, and enhancing overall accessibility and usability.

Examining the Relationship Between Internet Use and Depressive Symptoms Among Older Adults: Analyses of Mediators and Moderators

ABSTRACT Objectives The study aimed to investigate the influence mechanism underlying the relationship between Internet use and depressive symptoms in Chinese older adults. Methods Data were derived from the 2018 wave of China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey. Mediation and moderation analyses were conducted using Ordinary list squares (OLS) regression analysis. To address potential endogenous issues, we employed the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method to explore the association between Internet use and depressive symptoms. Results Our findings indicate that Internet use can significantly reduce depressive symptoms and enhance mental health of older adults. Loneliness mediated the relationship between Internet use and depressive symptoms among older adults, while socioeconomic status (SES) moderated this relationship. Furthermore, the four purposes of Internet use, namely online chatting, information searching, recreational activities, consumption and investment, were negatively associated with loneliness and depressive symptoms among older adults. Conclusions The findings emphasize the positive effects of Internet use on the mental health outcomes of older adults. Clinical Implications The proper use of the Internet possesses considerable promise for clinical rehabilitation, targeting the enhancement of the mental health outcomes of older adults during their later life.

Enhancing Environmental Awareness Among Entrepreneurs and Digital-Based Marketing Mechanisms for MSME Products

Environmental awareness among MSME actors in the Dauh Puri Kangin Village area is important to consider as it can positively impact the environment and public health. Here are some key points regarding the environmental awareness of MSME actors: 1. Applying business environmental ethics can reduce the negative impact of MSME production and create business sustainability. 2. Understanding and awareness among MSME actors are necessary for waste management. 3. The government needs to assist MSMEs by facilitating waste management, such as ensuring the operation of wastewater treatment facilities. In addition to environmental awareness, MSME actors also need to pay attention to other issues, such as limited business capital, licensing problems, financial management, lack of product innovation, and difficulties in business development. Digital marketing mechanisms for MSMEs in the Dauh Puri Kangin Village area can be implemented using digital technology and online platforms to achieve marketing goals. Some digital marketing strategies that MSMEs can adopt include: 1. MSMEs can create their own sales website to design the layout, ambience, product catalogue, and promotions. The website should be mobile-friendly for easy access via smartphones. 2. MSMEs can leverage social media as a promotional tool for sales. They can create special groups on platforms like WhatsApp and Line to send product catalogues to loyal customers. 3. MSMEs can collaborate with marketplaces to sell their products. Marketplaces like Shopee and Tokopedia provide security for MSMEs regarding payments. 4. MSMEs can implement email marketing as an online marketing strategy. 5. MSMEs can provide responsive and effective customer service through digital channels such as email, social media, and online chat. Important principles in digital marketing include understanding the target market and consumer behaviour in the digital space, identifying digital platforms that align with the target audience, and analyzing data to measure marketing performance.

PSX-28 Management of lameness in meat goat herds: A survey of producers in the southeastern US

Abstract Lameness is a persistent animal health concern in the meat goat industry. A survey was developed to describe lameness in commercial meat goat herds in the southeastern US. The survey included 35 multiple-choice questions about general herd attributes, various management practices, and specific herd lameness characteristics. A photo guide of goat hoof lesions was included in the survey package. The survey was sent by postal mail to 629 farms in Tennessee and bordering states with 183 completed surveys returned. The majority of herds managed Kiko (32%), Boer (22%), and Myotonic (19%) goat breeds. Reasons for raising goats included seed stock or breeding stock (78.1%), commercial, market, or slaughter purposes (62.3%), hobby, pets, or show (48.6%), and for brush, vegetation, or weed control (25.7%). Most respondents (90.7%) acquired goats from breeder farms, whereas only 2.7% of respondents purchased goats from sale barns. Most respondents quarantine new animals before adding them to the herd (78.1%), while 19.7% did not quarantine new animals and 1.1% were unfamiliar with the practice. The average monthly lameness rate was estimated to be at 6% with seasonal occurrences identified by respondents as 6% in the fall, 31.4% in the winter, 25.1% in the spring, and 50.5% in the summer. Some respondents indicated no seasonal variation (24.0%) or did not know (3.3%) if seasonal variation existed. Primary causes of lameness identified by respondents were overgrown hooves (50%), foot scald (19%), and foot rot (14%). Other lesions were identified at less than 8%. Sources of lameness treatment information for respondents were other producers (34.9%), veterinarians (30.6%), books (22.4%), online chat groups (19.1%), magazines (8.7%), and the extension service (8.2%). When lame goats were identified, more respondents (56.8%) did not isolate lame goats than those that practiced lame goat isolation (24.0%). Most respondents indicated that they treated lame goats (76.5%), a few did not treat lame goats (4.9%), and notable proportion (19.6%) did not respond to the question. Management approaches to treating lameness identified most frequently by respondents included hoof trimming (85%), topical hoof applications (40%), injectable antibiotics (32%), and footbaths (17%); 4% of respondents noted other methods. As a form of general hoof care management, most producers conducted hoof trimmings two or three times a year (51.9%), compared with trimming hooves once a year (9.8%), monthly (14.2%), or only trim hooves when goats became lame (6.6%). As a culling criterion, 29.5% responded lameness was a cull factor, 45.4% indicated it was not a cull factor, and 25.1% of respondents either did not know or did not response. Survey results showed that lameness is an issue in meat goat herds of the southeastern U.S. and a diversity of management approaches are used by producers to address the concern.

Face Attack Online: Unpacking Conflicts in Multimodal Group Chats

This study focuses on analyzing face attacks in the conflict discourse of cross-linguistic online chats on the instant message application WeChat among a group of international students at a prestigious university in China. Drawing on the previous impoliteness theory of Leech and Culpeper, this article selectively combines these two theories and proposes that in face-attack studies, especially with respect to online discourses, impolite multimodal discourse should be considered and subsumed in the theoretical framework. It is found that a wide array of face attacks in conflict discourse manifest themselves both in verbal discourse as well as in multimodal counterparts. The present study might shed light on online impoliteness research that is beyond monolingual and single-mode contexts.

Primary care physicians’ experiences of video and online chat consultations: a qualitative descriptive study

Objectives To explore the perceptions and views of remote consultations and patient care of primary care physicians (PCPs) who work remotely regularly and have experience performing remote consultations. Design A qualitative study using thematic analysis. Setting Four online focus group interviews with 17 PCPs, working with one private health care provider, with public and private primary care patients. Subjects PCPs who had performed video or online chat consultations with primary care patients for at least 6 months. Main outcome measurements PCPs’ perceptions and views working remotely in online chat and video consultations. Results Two main themes describing how PCPs perceived remote consultations emerged: 1) remote consultations have an impact on the way physicians work, and 2) remote consultations have an impact on the service system and patients. The subthemes of the first main theme included the physicians’ new way of working, impacts on physicians’ well-being, and impacts on communication and physician competences. The subthemes for the second main theme were the importance of smoothness of services for the patients, patient suitability, and technical liabilities. Conclusion Remote consultations provide PCPs with a new way of working that could improve work-life balance. However, it is important to maintain sufficient clinical competence through versatile work. Digital consultations can make contacting healthcare smoother and easier for patients if the patient selection is performed carefully. Online chat seems suitable for singular contacts and simple issues, but remote consultations could be used to sustain continuity of care.

Development and implementation of a digital health intervention (DHI) electronic patient-reported outcome measure (ePROM) platform to monitor patients with cancer.

163 Background: Cancer is heterogeneous diseases associated with a significant burden of symptoms and treatment-related adverse events. Digital Health Interventions (DHIs) emerge as promising tools for active/continuous monitoring of patients (pts). Evidence suggests that DHIs may enhance healthcare delivery and improve clinical outcomes by facilitating symptom detection and enabling more effective real-time informed decisions. We aim to develop and implement an electronic Patient-reported Outcome Measure (ePROM) platform to monitor pts undergoing cancer treatment. Methods: We developed ThummiOnco, a DHI ePROM platform designed for monitoring of pts during cancer treatment. It allows pts to report their symptoms (reported and graded according to the CTCAE), quality-of-life (QoL) (EORTC EQ-5D questionnaire), emotional state, treatment adherence (Morisky-Green questionnaire), Emergency Room (ER) visits and hospitalizations through a mobile application. Upon registration, pts consent to share their data with their medical team and provide essential demographic information such as age, sex, cancer type, and treatment regimen. A medical algorithm analyzes the collected data to generate instant personalized recommendations and guidance, including indicating the need of seeking emergency care in the case of serious high-grade or worrisome complaints. Patients also have the option to engage in real-time conversations with the medical team through an online chat feature. Treating physicians and the medical team can continuously access pts data real-time, through an online dashboard, enabling them to visualize information and statistics, address symptom alerts, and make informed management decisions. ThummiOnco is available at no cost to pts at htt ps://thummi.global . Results: Between August 2021 and March 2024, ThummiOnco monitored 925 pts across 7 institutions in Brazil, encompassing both private and public health systems. The majority of pts (72%) were female, with 28% being male. The most frequently monitored cancer types were Breast Cancer (39%), Lung Cancer (7%) and Colon Cancer (6%). During this period, a total of 71.373 interactions were recorded, including 36.175 (51%) chat messages, 21.644 (30%) symptom reports, 10.597 (15%) emotional state reflections, 2.819 (4%) QoL assessments, and 138 (0.2%) ER registries. A total of 23 different symptoms were reported, with the most frequent being: fatigue (16%), joint pain (8%), and nausea (7%). 13.187 (61%) grade 1, 6.545 (30%) grade 2, and 1.912 (9%) grade 3 symptoms were registered. In total, the medical algorithm generated 1.921 recommendations for seeking emergency care. Conclusions: ThummiOnco's capacity to detect a wide range of symptoms and enable real-time informed decisions underscores its potential to enhance patient outcomes and healthcare service delivery.

Machine Learning-Based Strategies for Detecting Cyberbullying in Online Chats

This study employed the stacking of three machine learning techniques: Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and Logistic Regression algorithms to develop a model for detecting cyberbullying using a post dataset acquired from the X Platform. The proposed model's task is to extract keywords from the post dataset and then classify them as either 1 ("cyberbullying word") or 0 ("not cyberbullying word"). The model generated an accuracy of 85.52%, and it was deployed using a simple Graphical User Interface (GUI) web application. This study recommends that the model be included on social media platforms to help reduce the growing use of cyberbullying phrases.

Sociodemographic Differences in Perspectives on Postpartum Symptom Reporting.

The overall goal of this work is to create a patient-reported outcome (PRO) and decision support system to help postpartum patients determine when to seek care for concerning symptoms. In this case study, we assessed differences in perspectives for application design needs based on race, ethnicity, and preferred language. A sample of 446 participants who reported giving birth in the past 12 months was recruited from an existing survey panel. We sampled participants from four self-reported demographic groups: (1) English-speaking panel, Black/African American race, non-Hispanic ethnicity; (2) Spanish-speaking panel, Hispanic-ethnicity; (3) English-speaking panel, Hispanic ethnicity; (4) English-speaking panel, non-Black race, non-Hispanic ethnicity. Participants provided survey-based feedback regarding interest in using the application, comfort reporting symptoms, desired frequency of reporting, reporting tool features, and preferred outreach pathway for concerning symptoms. Fewer Black participants, compared with all other groups, stated that they had used an app for reporting symptoms (p = 0.02), were least interested in downloading the described application (p < 0.05), and found a feature for sharing warning sign information with friends and family least important (p < 0.01). Black and non-Hispanic Black participants also preferred reporting symptoms less frequently as compared with Hispanic participants (English and Spanish-speaking; all p < 0.05). Spanish-speaking Hispanic participants tended to prefer calling their professional regarding urgent warning signs, while Black and English-speaking Hispanic groups tended to express interest in using an online chat or patient portal (all p < 0.05) CONCLUSION: Different participant groups described distinct preferences for postpartum symptom reporting based on race, ethnicity, and preferred languages. Tools used to elicit PROs should consider how to be flexible for different preferences or tailored toward different groups.

Popularisation of Volodymyr Vynnychenko’s Epistolary Heritage in Documentary and Communication Institutions of Ukraine

The aim of the article is to study the state and forms of populariІation of V. Vynnychenko’s epistolary by archival, museum and library establishments as institutions of social memory during the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine. Research methods are presented by general scientific principles of the unity of theory and practice, the use of historical and genetic, synergistic, social and communication, interdisciplinary approaches, source research, analysis and synthesis, which make it possible to find out the specifics of V. Vynnychenko’s epistolary popularisation in documentary and communication institutions of modern Ukraine. The scientific novelty of the article consists in the study of the activity of archives, museums and libraries during the war events in Ukraine, particularly, in the hometown of V. Vynnychenko, Kropyvnytskyi, using the information resource of his epistolary in objective cognition of famous personalities, introducing into scientific circulation epistolary achievements in assessment by a sender and addressees of the policy of Russian Bilshoviks in Ukraine in the early 1930s, and the problems of national culture as an important component of the Ukrainian information space, which contributes to the dissemination of true historical and cultural data, counteraction of hostile disinformation, modelling of national identity and public opinion. Main conclusions. The popularisation of V. Vynnychenko’s epistolary heritage in modern documentary and communication institutions of Ukraine is based on the use of information and communication technologies, as well as reproduction of information sources in digital formats of the following strategic directions: 1) development of optimal forms of interaction on a partnership ground; 2) intensification of social communications due to the expansion of the interaction methods spectrum, and diversification of forms (lectures, meetings, round tables, conferences, etc.); 3) research and rational dissemination of Ukrainian and foreign experience, which enables the introduction of the documentary resource of V. Vynnychenko’s letters and his addressees to the global information space. The popularisation effectiveness of V. Vynnychenko’s epistolary as a valuable historical and cultural document, an authentic primary source in the objective understanding of historical and cultural information, and unique personalities of a sender and addressees is determined by modern means of reputation marketing (advertising, Google tools, social networks, video presentations, webinars, workshops classes, QR codes, online chats, etc.); cooperation with the media is presented by the backgrounder, press release, media kit, combination of text, photo and video in reports, etc.

Att ge information i skriven interaktion

To provide information in written interaction – responsiveness at the digital welfare state’s frontline Digitalisation has created opportunities for people to have contact with representatives of human service organisations through various text-based channels (e.g., online chat, social media, email). Despite the fact that such text-based interaction is common in social work practice today, there is remarkably little knowledge about how the interaction is structured in practice and what characteristics the different forms have. Such knowledge is central to designing appropriate contacts that respond to clients’ needs. This study uses conversation analysis to study two forms of digital text-based interaction between clients and representatives of the Swedish Social Insurance Agency (SSIA). The data consist of circa 900 exchanges via email and the SSIA’s official Facebook page for parents. Identified patterns are also compared with 300 recorded phone calls to the SSIA, to make visible how participants orient to the limitations and affordances that the textual arenas provide in practice and which functions they thereby fulfill with regard to client relations. The analysis focuses on how practitioners manage responsiveness in replies to client questions. We show how practitioners’ replies tend to deviate from conversational norms by not being designed in line with the design or content of the questions. For example, practitioners often provide information that is conditioned (e.g., “if …then …”) rather than yes/no answers (even when replying to yes/no questions). Through this, the analysis also demonstrates how practitioners realise policy and organisational goals in digital text-based interaction. The study contributes knowledge about how help and service is provided in digital text-based interaction and highlights the problem of generally held replies that are not adapted to the recipient, as the interaction risks not fulfilling the expected function for the clients. We also problematise how textual interaction on social media platforms poses risks for clients’ privacy from an ethical perspective.

Academic library online chat services under the impact of artificial intelligence

Academic library online chat services under the impact of artificial intelligence

Navigating cancer care through digital dialogue: Analyzing key phrases shared by patients in real-time exchange messages using an electronic patient-reported outcome measure (ePROM).

e13661 Background: Cancer is a complex ailment, giving rise to a myriad of symptoms, side effects, and questions that may arise unexpectedly. There is a growing interest in adopting more efficient approaches for the continuous monitoring of patients, particularly through virtual platforms. This study focuses on analyzing the word frequency in the context of cancer assistance using an ePROM. Methods: We conducted an analysis of an ePROM embedded in a mobile app designed for monitoring patients undergoing cancer treatment. Developed collaboratively by medical oncologists and software engineers, this app empowers patients to document their symptoms, quality of life, emotions, emergency room visits, and hospitalizations. Upon app registration, patients willingly share their data with their medical team, along with essential demographic information. A standout feature is the online chat facilitating real-time communication with the medical team, consolidating all information securely in one place. This patient-centric app is provided free of charge. Our study involved a retrospective and descriptive analysis focusing solely on data related to exchanged messages in the online chat between cancer patients and the medical team. These conversations spanned from February 2022 to January 2024 and included patients referred by physicians recommending our platform. The analysis centered on the frequency of non-technical words used in real-time conversations, clustered into semantic groups. Results: Our findings revealed a total exchange of 470,597 words across 684 conversations over a two-year period. In the healthcare context, the most frequent words were categorized as follows: 1) Seeking in-person assistance (568; 0.12%): hospital (424 mentions), emergency (82), urgent/urgency (51), and primary care (UBS, Portuguese acronym) (11); 2) Doubts regarding anything (979; 0.20%): doubt (694 mentions) and question (285); 3) Non-technical one-word symptoms (5213; 1.10%): pain (1821 mentions), nausea (961), tiredness (514), diarrhea (428), vomit (364), fever (304), cough (221), numbness (197), dizziness (162), insomnia (130), constipation (101), and wheezing (10). Conclusions: Our analysis showed two key insights: first, doubts persist throughout treatment, intertwined with the management of side effects; and second, the burden on patients is substantial, whether stemming from uncertainty about the next steps or the necessity for in-person assistance. Cancer's mental and physical toll underscores the importance of having a readily available team to provide guidance, even on simple instructions. In this light, virtual platforms may represent the future of care delivery. Continuous patient monitoring emerges as pivotal for enhancing healthcare assistance, treatment, and outcomes across various cancer types.

E-Chat: Causes and Effects of Paid Online Chatting and Does Online Escorted Chatting Provide Emotional Value?

With the development of Internet technology, Internet escorts have become increasingly popular. Internet escorts include chatting only and Internet prostitution, and the police are gradually cracking down on Internet prostitution. This research paper focuses on whether online escorts provide emotional value. In this research paper, we will distinguish the mode of online escort chatting. We will discuss the causes, data, and impact and conclude whether online escort chatting provides emotional value. The research hypothesis is that online escorts do not provide emotional value.

A Novel Experimental Approach to Identifying the Cognitive Mechanisms Underlying Loneliness

BackgroundCurrent models of loneliness emphasise the role of maladaptive cognitions in causing and/or maintaining loneliness. However, standardised paradigms to experimentally examine the role of maladaptive cognition in loneliness are lacking, making it difficult to establish causality. This paper tested a mock online chat paradigm designed to induce changes in negative affect (loneliness, depression, and anxiety), and strength of belief in lonely thoughts, by manipulating comparative and normative fit.MethodsParticipants (N = 59) were randomised into either the loneliness arm (i.e., loneliness induction chat followed by a social connectedness induction chat), or the social connectedness arm (i.e., two separate social connectedness induction chats), and subsequently completed outcome measures.ResultsThe experimental paradigm significantly and specifically increased lonely affect; however, this was associated with non-significant changes in strength of belief in lonely thoughts. The social connectedness induction chat led to significant reductions in broad negative affect for both groups, with these effects accruing across chats for participants in the social connectedness arm.ConclusionExperimentally manipulating comparative and normative fit to either emphasise differences or similarities between an individual and group members is an effective paradigm for increasing lonely affect or decreasing general negative affect, respectively.

Impacts of COVID‐19 on social work teaching and learning in Bangladesh

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic had a significant impact on both classroom instruction and practical learning within Social Work Departments in Bangladesh. This research took two state universities in Bangladesh as case studies, using a qualitative methodology. Researchers conducted 10 Key Informant Interviews, with professors and field supervisors, 20 in‐depth interviews with Master of Social Sciences (MSS) students and two Focus Group Discussions with MSS students. During the pandemic, University faculty experimented with virtual classrooms, pre‐recorded lectures, and online chat forums to interact with postgraduate students. However, these approaches were not completely successful due to the limitations of digital infrastructure at the Universities and at students' residences. Shortcomings in virtual education included technological barriers, insufficient access to educational resources, and an unusual mental health situation for many students. Student practica were difficult to organize, due to technological barriers, restricted field placement opportunities, disruption in client interaction, and community outreach, interruptions in fieldwork and data collection, as well as insufficient faculty supervision and support. Universities ought to take proactive measures to integrate technology into teaching and learning in normal times so that both can continue during public health emergencies without adding educational crisis to the general state of emergency.

Structure and Engagement in Teacher–Student Chats in ESL Writing

Teacher-moderated online chats are a common option for conducting writing conferences with students. The efficacy of chat sessions is impacted by the expectations for and structure of these sessions. This corpus-based study used a move analysis to determine the purposes and organization of 129 chats between 3 experienced teachers and 106 students of primarily Chinese and Arabic origin in 9 freshman English as a second language (ESL) writing courses. Chats occurred after a draft of an essay assignment had been returned with written teacher feedback, in order to provide opportunities for students to receive individualized input. Findings show that chats are structured to serve three functions: opening and closing social moves (greetings, conversational pleasantries) meant to establish rapport; management moves that serve to structure and orient the chat; and instructional moves in which the teachers and students confer and additional feedback is provided. However, chats were not as effective at engaging participants as they could be due to a lack of intentionality and reciprocity. With prior research showing chats are a useful addition to other forms of teacher electronic feedback, we offer suggestions for improving the use of instructional chats in freshman ESL writing classes, in order to better engage students.

A Web-Based, Respondent-Driven Sampling Survey Among Men Who Have Sex With Men (Kai Noi): Description of Methods and Characteristics.

Thailand's HIV epidemic is heavily concentrated among men who have sex with men (MSM), and surveillance efforts are mostly based on case surveillance and local biobehavioral surveys. We piloted Kai Noi, a web-based respondent-driven sampling (RDS) survey among MSM. We developed an application coded in PHP that facilitated all procedures and events typically used in an RDS office for use on the web, including e-coupon validation, eligibility screening, consent, interview, peer recruitment, e-coupon issuance, and compensation. All procedures were automated and e-coupon ID numbers were randomly generated. Participants' phone numbers were the principal means to detect and prevent duplicate enrollment. Sampling took place across Thailand; residents of Bangkok were also invited to attend 1 of 10 clinics for an HIV-related blood draw with additional compensation. Sampling took place from February to June 2022; seeds (21 at the start, 14 added later) were identified through banner ads, micromessaging, and in online chat rooms. Sampling reached all 6 regions and almost all provinces. Fraudulent (duplicate) enrollment using "borrowed" phone numbers was identified and led to the detection and invalidation of 318 survey records. A further 106 participants did not pass an attention filter question (asking recruits to select a specific categorical response) and were excluded from data analysis, leading to a final data set of 1643 valid participants. Only one record showed signs of straightlining (identical adjacent responses). None of the Bangkok respondents presented for a blood draw. We successfully developed an application to implement web-based RDS among MSM across Thailand. Measures to minimize, detect, and eliminate fraudulent survey enrollment are imperative in web-based surveys offering compensation. Efforts to improve biomarker uptake are needed to fully tap the potential of web-based sampling and data collection.