Online Blogs Research Articles

A Corpus-Based Evaluation of English Readers’ Aesthetic Reception of the Shandong-English Translation in Red Sorghum

In the context of world literature, target readers’ aesthetic reception of literary works has shifted from single culture to multiple cultures and has become a crucial factor in social-cultural communication. Shandong dialect, previously misidentified as vulgar expressions in literary research, has proved to have specific aesthetic values as explored in this research. This paper aims to analyse reasons for aesthetic criticism and find solutions to enhance the aesthetic acceptability of Shandong-English translation in Red Sorghum among English readers. Data were collected from different channels, including scholarly critiques, book reviews, blog posts by literary critics, and online forums. A corpus-based methodology is utilized to examine the aesthetic acceptability and reasons for aesthetic criticism by employing a re-framed aesthetic reception theory. Results showed greater frequency of aesthetic acceptance in book reviews than in online forums and blog posts by literary critics, with 53.7 per cent aesthetic acceptance versus 39.7 per cent aesthetic criticism from a total 529 sample data, excluding 6.6 per cent neutrality. Furthermore, book reviews showed a greater tendency towards aesthetic acceptance (64.3%) than online forums (51.5%) and blog posts by literary critics (33.3%). Lastly, the reasons for aesthetic criticism were mainly demonstrated in cultural disparity and defamiliarization of Shandong dialectal expression. The paper concludes by underscoring the significance of shifting from a text-oriented tendency to readers’ expectancy, initiative interaction, and social consciousness in the interaction with literary works. The study contributes reconstructed theory and practical insights for translators to balance the original cultural references and acceptability among English readers.

Fake News Detection Revisited: An Extensive Review of Theoretical Frameworks, Dataset Assessments, Model Constraints, and Forward-Looking Research Agendas

The emergence and acceptance of digital technology have caused information pollution and an infodemic on Online Social Networks (OSNs), blogs, and online websites. The malicious broadcast of illegal, objectionable and misleading content causes behavioural changes and social unrest, impacts economic growth and national security, and threatens users’ safety. The proliferation of AI-generated misleading content has further intensified the current situation. In the previous literature, state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods have been implemented for Fake News Detection (FND). However, the existing research lacks multidisciplinary considerations for FND based on theories on FN and OSN users. Theories’ analysis provides insights into effective and automated detection mechanisms for FN, and the intentions and causes behind wide-scale FN propagation. This review evaluates the available datasets, FND techniques, and approaches and their limitations. The novel contribution of this review is the analysis of the FND in linguistics, healthcare, communication, and other related fields. It also summarises the explicable methods for FN dissemination, identification and mitigation. The research identifies that the prediction performance of pre-trained transformer models provides fresh impetus for multilingual (even for resource-constrained languages), multidomain, and multimodal FND. Their limits and prediction capabilities must be harnessed further to combat FN. It is possible by large-sized, multidomain, multimodal, cross-lingual, multilingual, labelled and unlabelled dataset curation and implementation. SOTA Large Language Models (LLMs) are the innovation, and their strengths should be focused on and researched to combat FN, deepfakes, and AI-generated content on OSNs and online sources. The study highlights the significance of human cognitive abilities and the potential of AI in the domain of FND. Finally, we suggest promising future research directions for FND and mitigation.

Usefulness and accessibility of information on the treatment of children with congenital clubfoot: results of a survey of parents

BACKGROUND: Treatment of congenital clubfoot remains controversial from both specialists and parents regarding the details of its practical application, individual effectiveness, and follow-up, rehabilitation treatment, prevention, and treatment of relapses. The assessment of parental attitudes using an online survey optimizes doctor–patient interaction. Information available to parents regarding the diagnosis and treatment of children with congenital clubfoot is lacking. AIM: This study aimed to assess the usefulness and accessibility of information for parents about the treatment of children with congenital clubfoot. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To assess the usefulness and accessibility of information about the treatment of congenital clubfoot, a survey of the patients’ parents was conducted using an electronic fillable form proposed for anonymous completion in a thematic group dedicated to the treatment of congenital clubfoot on the social network “VKontakte”; the study included 5500 participants at the time of the survey (2 weeks), with 328 responses received. RESULTS: Most parents noted a lack of information regarding clubfoot treatment before it actually began. The preferred source of information was Internet resources (i.e., websites of medical institutions and social networks). Achilles tenotomy and wearing braces raised the most questions, requiring additional information from both doctors and alternative sources. The possibility of errors and complications in wearing braces caused the greatest concern among parents, as well as possible relapses and the correctness of prescriptions during the rehabilitation treatment. Online parent communities and physician blogs are considered significant information sources. Most parents prefer to expand information about congenital clubfoot on the Internet, including social networks and popular resources. CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of the results of an anonymous survey of parents of children with congenital clubfoot showed a significant demand for high-quality, accessible information regarding the diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of children with congenital clubfoot. Significant interest in the information provided by social media and other Internet resources determines the need for competent representatives of the professional community to participate in this process.

Commas and coordinating conjunctions: Too many rules or no rules at all?

Although it is unclear why punctuation should be pushed to the sidelines, it generally continues to be a neglected research area in mainstream contemporary linguistics. Common sense and empirical evidence both suggest that punctuation is so much more than a stylistic device, its presence or absence creating new strata and shades of meaning. Punctuation is also a matter of some controversy, all too often employed as a symbol of confrontation between linguistic conservatives and their more permissive colleagues. An already difficult situation is made even more difficult with different sources (e.g. course and reference books, online blogs and articles, etc.) supplying contradictory information with a rigor that does not tolerate disagreement, obsessing over rules for the sake of rules themselves and disregarding the real stories behind them. Shifting focus from a rulegoverned behavior and identifying a relatively limited context of punctuation, the smallscale research addresses the issue of comma usage before the coordinating conjunctions and, but, or, nor, so, yet and for. In addition to a sketchy overview of this complex relationship illustrative of significant differences of opinion, the paper touches upon regional and generic factors influencing comma usage before coordinating conjunctions, utilizing the massive database of the Contemporary Corpus of American English (COCA). The main idea behind the paper is to observe and account for tendencies and discrepancies by providing critical commentary on authentic examples taken from the corpora rather than seek confirmation for rules and take the prescriptive norm for granted.

Striving Through Adversities of Professional Life to Provide Better Care: A Content Analysis of News Articles and Online Blogs on Deteriorating Mental Health of Medicos

Background: One of the noblest professions is medicine, which comprises ancillary services, medical students, and other paramedics. The challenges faced by the medical fraternity are infinite and uncertain. Aim: This study aims to thoroughly understand the professional challenges faced by medical professionals that can lead to mental health issues. Methods: A content analysis of 64 news articles and online blogs was done. The articles and blogs that addressed mental health issues among medical professionals were shortlisted. The data retrieved was accessed digitally between 2016 and 2024. Frequency analysis was done using QDA Miner Lite (free version). Results: The findings were summarized into six themes and 17 sub-themes, showing a high frequency of rising mental health issues among medicos, lack of organizational support, poor work-life balance, violence, and sacrificed health, with other less frequent codes like toxic seniority, hostile work culture, negative consequences of reporting mental health problems and hiding vulnerability to protect self-efficacy. Conclusion: The data retrieved from various news articles and blogs presents the personal experiences and real-life struggles of medical professionals. The outcome of this study is to understand the key issues affecting medicos at personal, professional, social, emotional, and spiritual levels.

Exploring Sentiment Analysis and Visitor Satisfaction along Urban Liner Trails: A Case of the Seoul Trail, South Korea

Increasing public health awareness has stressed the significance of the mental and physical benefits of outdoor activities. Government involvement and support for urban redevelopment projects in Korea, such as Seoul Dulle-gil, connected previously disconnected green spaces. Despite the ecological and cultural importance of urban spaces, their impact on residents and tourists and their role in exploring the city’s dynamic remains limited. This study aims to evaluate how green space activities engage in sustainable land management and offer insights into surrounding communities. A quantitative big data research method was employed, analyzing 3995 online blog post reviews using Python code, and sentiment analysis conducted with pandas and KoNLPy’s Okt library. The results indicated that sentiment scores were generally higher in sections located south of the Han River. Among the eight trail courses, courses 6, 3, 4, and 5, located south of the Han River, exhibited higher sentiment scores compared to courses 7, 8, 2, and 1, located north of the Han River, which showed lower satisfaction levels. Among the 16 characteristics influencing visitor satisfaction, the study emphasized the importance of potential space maintenance to enhance trail user safety and community well-being, contributing to sustainable land management.

Street art and place-making of villages: examples of Italian painted villages

PurposeThis study aims to discuss the contribution of street art projects to the place-making of villages and the effects it generates for local stakeholders.Design/methodology/approachA conceptual framework is developed based on the main characteristics of the place-making process, street art, creative place-making, as well as place identity, revitalisation and regeneration. This framework defines a set of thematic categories for the qualitative content analysis of online information, e.g. websites, media and blog posts, as well as in-depth interviews with local stakeholders.FindingsThis research presents the contribution of street art in place-making involving citizens, local businesses and international artists in a collective act to preserve local identity and revitalise and regenerate villages.Research limitations/implicationsThe research is focused only on villages. Cities are not considered in the research.Practical implicationsStreet art projects provide villages with several opportunities, such as stimulating place regeneration and revitalisation, giving new shape and decoration to neighbourhoods and streets and attracting visitors and business. Moreover, street art is commonly used to communicate local history, culture, traditions and social and political facts, helping places to vehiculate their identity and their messages to the next generations. Street art is also used as a part of a place branding strategy.Social implicationsThe village gets the opportunity to exploit the street art value proposition to stimulate the restocking of the place, if the primary stakeholders of the place are ready to invest in the new place identity giving trust to the street art project.Originality/valueStreet art projects contribute to the place-making of villages. They are used to communicate place identity, fostering cooperation between local stakeholders and economic and social development.

Understanding camping tourism experiences through thematic analysis: An embodiment perspective

Camping is a major form of nature tourism that emphasizes one’s physical presence in a natural environment for recreation. Despite research on recreation experiences, how one’s body and mind interact during camping tourism—and the physical environment’s contributions to these embodied experiences—has received limited academic attention. Theoretical tenets of embodiment include the roles of the external world, situational action, and physical states on people’s psychology and behavior. This study aimed to elucidate, from an embodiment perspective, the mechanisms underlying tourists’ camping experiences. Thematic analysis of 31 online blog posts revealed that the camping environment and physical activities elicit campers’ sensory experiences and subsequently stimulate psychological reactions. These sensory perceptions and responses lead to embodied experiences, which are composed of physiological experiences, cognitive experiences, and social experiences.

Eliciting psychiatric nurses' preferences for workplace violence prevention: a protocol for discrete choice experiment.

Workplace violence against healthcare workers has become a serious global public health problem. The incidence of workplace violence towards Psychiatric nurses is higher than in all other medical institutions, up to 84.2% per year. It not only negatively affects many aspects of healthcare workers' lives, but also destroys the harmony of the nurse-patient relationship and reduces the quality of nursing care. The number of psychiatric nurses in China was approximately 96,000, far lower than most other countries and unable to meet the growing demand for mental health. However, the increase in workplace violence has future exacerbates the current shortage of nurses. Therefore, it is necessary to develop effective strategies to prevent psychiatric nurses from suffering from workplace violence, thereby to reduce nurse turnover and improve the quality of nursing care. A comprehensive understanding of psychiatric nurses' preferences and priorities for preventing workplace violence is an important prerequisite before formulating strategies and taking measures. Unfortunately, to date, no research has investigated the psychiatric nurses' preferences. Therefore, a discrete choice experiment (DCE) is conducting to explore the psychiatric nurses' preferences for workplace violence prevention. This article reports on methodological details of the DCE. Six attributes were developed through a literature review, one-on-one interviews and focus group discussions. D-efficient design in NGENE was used to generate choice sets. SPSS 24.0 will be used for descriptive analysis of social Demography, and Stata 16.0 will be used for analysis of DCE data. A multinomial logit model will be used to preliminarily explore trade-offs between workplace violence prevention characteristics included in the choice tasks. Then, in a mixed logit model, we plan to choose some arbitrarily defined base violence prevention program and will use the nlcom command to evaluate the probability of an alternative violence prevention program. The study was approved by the relevant ethics committees. Our findings will emphasize priority intervention areas based on the preferences of psychiatric nurses and provide references for hospitals to develop and improve workplace violence prevention strategies. The results will be shared through seminars, policy briefs, peer-reviewed journal articles and online blogs.

Molar pregnancy: a qualitative study of personal experiences and societal narratives of loss

Background/Aims Molar pregnancy is a rare complication of pregnancy. Patients face surgery, human chorionic gonadotropin monitoring and potentially systemic treatment, resulting in unique support needs. This study's aim was to explore the impacts of gestational trophoblastic disease on embodied and emotional experience. Methods This qualitative study considered stories of molar pregnancy from 20 women in the UK, US, Canada and Australia. These were drawn from 18 publicly available online blogs and eight semi-structured interviews, and analysed thematically. Results Three themes were developed: ‘loss’, describing women's responses to their pregnancy ending; ‘isolation’, comprising ‘rarity’, ‘lack of awareness’ and support seeking; and ‘alienation’, capturing the unfamiliarity of diagnosis, ‘failure’ and barriers to ‘moving forward’. Conclusions Experiences are shaped by wider narratives of ‘typical’ pregnancy. Patient care requires an individualised and responsive approach, and non-specialist practitioners should feel confident in discussing molar pregnancy and have access to up-to-date guidance.

How do learners participate in interaction in different types of discussion topics and learning tools of cMOOCs?

ABSTRACT This study aims to explore learners’ interaction performance in different types of cMOOC discussion topics and learning tools. The discussion topic is the problem context and communication framework, and online forums and blogs are typical learning tools containing discussion topics. This study focused on 5 types of forum discussion topics and 4 types of blog discussion topics in cMOOCs and took 3 dimensions to represent interaction performance. 96 learners enrolled in a cMOOC were recruited. Content analysis, descriptive statistical analysis and lag sequence analysis were used. The results showed that in forum discussion topics, the type of Commenting and Suggesting discussion topics is more likely to attract learners to participate in interactions, the Phenomenon Analysis and Brainstorming are more conducive to deep interaction, and the Feeling Sharing is more conducive to generating diverse interaction patterns. Second, in blog discussion topics, the Feeling Sharing easily attracts learners to continuously participate in high-level interaction, and the Summarizing and Creating is beneficial for promoting deep interaction in every interaction, and both can promote interaction transformation. Finally, the blog learning tool is more conducive to learners’ interaction performance than forums. This study provides empirical evidence for cMOOC designers to understand learners' interaction performance.

The meaning of autistic movements.

What is already known?Moving the body in 'stereotyped', 'repetitive', 'ritualised' or 'unusual' ways is part of the criteria for receiving a diagnosis of autism. However, the reasons for these movements and their personal value are not well understood. Certain ways of moving have become part of a disorder, and have received negative judgements, whereas other movements have not.What this paper adds?We searched online blogs for descriptions of movement written by autistic adults, using their preferred language and definitions. The blog authors said that many types of movement attracted negative judgement, including mis-coordination shown during sports, dancing in unusual places or moving repetitively, such as when stimming. However, movement provided personal benefits, and could enhance thinking and focus, provide meaningful routine, contribute to sensory regulation, release energy, increase body awareness, emotion regulation and strengthen self-identity.Implications for practice and policyMovement could be a well-being resource, used to reduce distraction, overwhelm, confusion and distress for autistic people. This should be considered within personal coping strategies and psychological therapies. The examples provided in this study could inform autism assessments, to ensure that the meanings of movements are considered alongside the appearances of movement. Some movements such as stimming have the same functions as many other ways of moving, including dancing and exercising, which could help to reduce stigma around being autistic if reflected in policy and practice. Improving understanding is important for informing how autism is assessed, and how personal experiences of being autistic are heard.

Analyzing Trends in Digital Transformation Korean Social Media Data: A Semantic Network Analysis

This study explores the impact of digital transformation on Korean society by analyzing Korean social media data, focusing on the societal and economic effects triggered by advancements in digital technology. Utilizing text mining techniques and semantic network analysis, we extracted key terms and their relationships from online news and blogs, identifying major themes related to digital transformation. Our analysis, based on data collected from major Korean portals using various related search terms, provides deep insights into how digital evolution influences individuals, businesses, and government sectors. The findings offer a comprehensive view of the technological and social trends emerging from digital transformation, including its policy, economic, and educational implications. This research not only sheds light on the understanding and strategic approaches to digital transformation in Korea but also demonstrates the potential of social media data in analyzing the societal impact of technological advancements, offering valuable resources for future research in effectively navigating the era of digital change.

The Influence of Digital Media on Creative Writing

This study examines the impact of digital media on creative writing practices. Through a review of existing literature and analysis of relevant case studies, the study explores how digital platforms such as online blogs, social media, and interactive storytelling websites have reshaped the creative writing landscape. The findings reveal that digital media offer writers new tools and opportunities for experimentation, including multimedia elements and real-time audience engagement. However, challenges such as digital literacy and concerns about content authenticity also emerge. Overall, digital media have both positive and negative influences on creative writing, highlighting the need for further research and adaptation in the evolving digital environment.

THE USE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CLASSROOM WHILE TEACHING ENGLISH: PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL ASPECTS

This article discusses the use of digital technologies in English language classes for 9th and 10th-grade learners in Astana, Kazakhstan. The primary objective of the study was to assess both the advantageous and disadvantageous impacts of incorporating digital tools into language education, with a particular focus on bolstering reading and listening proficiencies. In assessing the integration of digital technologies, the study addressed not only the instructional implications but also the psychological aspects involved. Students received activities requiring online blog reading to improve their reading abilities, while they got involved with news reports to enhance their listening skills afterwards established summaries of the material. The study emphasizes the essential significance of developing instructional techniques which utilize the possibilities of digital technology to improve communicative competence. It also highlights the value of adjusting these approaches to meet various approaches to learning and preferences, while keeping potential learning obstacles and motivational aspects in mind. By establishing a balance between technology integration and pedagogical efficacy, teachers can successfully employ digital technologies to improve the language learning experience for students in Astana and beyond.Furthermore, the study acknowledges that teachers can maximize the benefits of digital tools and create dynamic learning environments that encourage language acquisition and proficiency by keeping relevant on advancements in educational technology and pedagogical best practices.

EXAMINING EFFECTIVE ELECTRONIC WORD OF MOUTH IN SOCIAL MEDIA ON THE CUSTOMER’S PURCHASE INTENTION: A QUANTITIVELY APPROACH IN LIBYANS’ MARKETS

The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive research of the effects social media developed in an essential part of marketing strategy for its ability to generate co-created value by EWOM. As a result of the advanced Technological revolution, the industries operations have grown a unique rate and creating multiple opportunities for marketing in online backgrounds. Recently, Technologies have been involved within modern marketing activities to promote their products and services and its approach is to evaluate products and services availabilities by using various platforms like social media, online review websites, blogs and discussion forums in the form of visual information. At the present time, social media has developed in an essential part of marketing strategy for its ability to generate co-created value, to interactively connect brands to consumers, to monitor brand-related discussions and sentiments, to guide consumers in the decision-making process, to activate Electronic Word of Mouth interactions, and transform consumers into brand supporters. This study highlights the role of key various digital channels by using applications of social media to be examined on the consumer buying decisions and intention with a mediating effect of the EWOM. It carried out A quantitative research approach was used to achieve objectives and examine the hypothesized research framework by using a questionnaire in the retailing sector. A total of 384 valid responses were considered for further analysis by using SSPS 21 software to conduct the key analyses. The results revealed the significant effect and role of all digital channels on the consumers buying decisions, with the moderated role of the EWOM on the effect of digital channels on consumer buying decisions. The study offers additional contributions to the existing literature and supports the assumptions to provide a better grasp about the study topic. Its originality and a unique approach for data collecting and using the schema theory of e-WOM to understand the phenomenon of social media influence on customers intention of destination services / brands.

Online Blogging System for an Organization

Abstract: Organizations understand the critical significance of encouraging communication and collaboration among their members in today's digitally connected environment. The conception and creation of an online blogging system designed especially for usage by organizations are described in this abstract. The suggested system seeks to transform the dynamics of internal communication by giving staff members a centralized forum on which to exchange knowledge, experiences, and insights in an organized and easily accessible way. By utilizing modern web technologies, the system provides an easy-to-use interface with features that are intuitively designed to make content creation, publication, and interaction smooth. Personalized user profiles, a hierarchical topic classification system, real-time commenting, and content moderation tools are some of the main features. Additionally, cross-platform connectivity is improved and data consistency is guaranteed by integration with current corporate databases and communication channels. By encouraging a transparent and cooperative atmosphere. The suggested system seeks to transform the dynamics of internal communication by giving staff members a centralized forum on which to exchange knowledge, experiences, and insights in an organized and easily accessible way. By utilizing modern web technologies, the system provides an easy-to-use interface with features that are intuitively designed to make content creation, publication, and interaction smooth. Personalized user profiles, a hierarchical topic classification system, real-time commenting, and content moderation tools are some of the main features. Additionally, cross-platform connectivity is improved and data consistency is guaranteed by integration with current corporate databases and communication channels. The Online Blogging System encourages employees to share their knowledge, participate in productive discussions, and develop an innovative and open culture within the company by creating an environment that is open and collaborative. Additionally, the technology makes it easier for knowledge to be retained and shared, allowing insightful.

A Critical Assessment of the Effectiveness of Law of Intestate Succession in Masaka District of Uganda

This study critically assessed the law of intestate succession in Masaka district of Uganda, with the aim of inspiring Ugandan authorities to create a special legal structure to govern the law of intestate succession. The study secondarily sourced its data from textbooks, journals, online blogs and statutory books. At the end, calls for the law to specify the maximum number of executors for a given portion of the deceased's assets. Additionally, the legislative revision should empower the High Court to replace an incompetent executor with an administrator. Retraction of a probate renunciation for particular circumstances should be considered in the legislative amendment. The legislation should be amended to allow rapid remedy if a beneficiary or other interested party proves the grantee breached duty, was fraudulent, or inefficient in estate management. The legislative modification should shield the estate from distribution before letters of administration and probate. Amendments to the statute should expand the avenues for grant revocation, such as application by an interested party and Administrator General Intervention. The government and civil society should develop initiatives to strengthen the administrative system for managing the estates of deceased individuals. Finally, law penalties should be modified to reflect contemporary socio-economic situations and reflect a punitive posture. Keywords: Assessment, Intestate, Succession law, Testate, Will.

Prevalence and Effect of Computer Vision Syndrome during COVID-19: among Bangladeshi People

Background: Global pandemic has devastated almost every aspect of life. "Spatial distancing" involves creating and maintaining safe social distance, shifting the world away from public locations and toward isolation. Remote working has become a demand in these historically unique times, and technology is a need for human life as a link to the outside world. People use technology to interact, communicate, and complete activities. Online meetings, audio and video conferencing, and leisure activities like online gaming, blogging, and social networking have virtualized human interaction, leading to a rapid digitalization of human life. The increased usage of video display terminals (VDTs) predisposes to a range of problems. Digital eye strain (DES) or computer vision syndrome (CVS) refers to a group of health disorders that include not only visual issues but also musculoskeletal issues. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of CVS and to examine the use of digital screens, common symptoms, and related variables. The findings could in the future provide vital, detailed health information to all online users. Methods and Materials: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st July to 31st December, 2021. A total of 429 people participated in the study and majority of the participants were students and teachers involved in digital class rooms for academic purposes. A survey questionnaire was distributed on social media channels. Regular users of digital screens were provided with Google forms through social media. It includes both a questionnaire and an informed consent form. Results: Out of 429 participants in, 59.9% were females and 36.13% males. The maximum age group were from between 18-27, 58.9%, while the least were from 58 and above, 2%. The major digital screen platforms used by them were smartphone/tablet, 97.9%, television, 70.8% and computer laptop, 66.8%. The utilization of digital screens was categorized under ..........

Ontology Development for Cyber Violence Victimization in Korean Adolescents

Since the dynamics and forms of cyber violence evolve at the same rapid pace as technology platforms, we used social big data to develop an ontology for cyber violence victimization in South Korea. Following the seven-stage ontology development process, we extracted keywords from 3,075 social media data sources including online articles, comments, and blogs. Focus group interview data was also obtained from 40 adolescents and 5 cyber violence experts. The analysis identified domains for (1) participants subdivided by age, school level, sex, form, and relationship; (2) protective and risk factors by individuals, family, friends, school, community, and online systems; (3) types by form and method of violence; (4) characteristics by media and distinct features; (5) outcomes by individual and relational/social; and (6) interventions and policies by personal coping strategies, services/interventions, and laws/policies. These findings provide a multi-faceted perspective on cyber violence victimization experiences in South Korea. In addition, the results elucidate the newest types of cyber violence in real-life terms.