One-way Path Research Articles

The mediated model of PTSD between ADHD symptoms and alcohol abuse in a population of college students in Taiwan

PurposeImpulsivity, inattention, childhood trauma, PTSD, and depressive symptoms were the high-risk factors of alcohol abuse in ADHD symptoms. There is a lack of a comprehensive framework of trauma and PTSD in ADHD symptoms with alcohol abuse to explain why ADHD college students become problematic alcohol drinking. Method521 college students were recruited from online platforms (e.g., Facebook, LINE, or Google) after informed consent (females, 67.9%, n = 354; averaged age = 20.34, S.D. = 1.98). All of them completed the questionnaires, which included symptoms of ADHD, inattention and impulsivity, depressive symptoms, childhood trauma, PTSD symptoms, and problematic alcohol drinking. One-way ANOVA and path analysis were applied to examine the significance of eight paths. ResultsOur results supported the mediating effects of childhood trauma and PTSD symptoms in ADHD symptoms with problematic alcohol drinking. DiscussionThe effect of complex PTSD between impulsivity and problematic alcohol drinking is still unclear. In addition to impulsivity and inattention to ADHD symptoms with problematic alcohol drinking, the impact of hyperactivity also needs to be considered. ConclusionsEffective treatment for ADHD symptoms with alcohol abuse could focus on self-control training and emotional regulation in the future.

COVID-19 and bilingual children's home language environment: Digital media, socioeconomic status, and language status.

Input is considered crucial in bilingual children's language development. This is especially true for bilingual children's mother tongue language learning given its common reduction in input opportunities due to the dominance of one language within society, as seen in countries and regions from Wales to Singapore. Previous studies tend to focus on the quantity and quality of conventional active communication and resources (e.g., speaking and reading with parents) on bilingual children's language development, and substantially, fewer studies have explored this topic from the perspective of digital media. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has accentuated the critical role of digital media in various aspects of life, including bilingual children's home language environment. Thus, to holistically understand bilingual children's daily language input patterns, it is imperative to explore both their conventional and digital media input resources. The current study focuses on English-Mandarin bilingual children in Singapore and would like to explore (1) whether their conventional and digital media language environments have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and (2) whether the societal status of a language and familial socioeconomic status (SES) would affect bilingual children's conventional and digital media input. Survey data from 162 parents of English-Mandarin bilingual preschoolers (3 to 6 years old) were used to explore the two research questions. Two online parental questionnaires were employed for data collection. One-way repeated-measures MANOVA and path models were used to address the questions. The results indicated that input patterns from nuclear family members had not been affected by COVID-19; however, the amount and frequency of conventional and digital media materials and activities increased significantly since COVID-19. Higher-SES families possessed more conventional materials and conducted conventional activities more often, while lower-SES families possessed more digital media materials. Both conventional and digital media materials and activities were richer in English than in Mandarin. Higher-SES families perceived digital media usage for learning to be of less importance than lower-SES families. The implications for early bilingual learning following COVID-19 are discussed.

Research on the Influence of Occupational Value View on Career Decision-making Through the Mediating Path of a Sense of Self-Efficacy

This study aims to explore the relationship among occupational value view, sense of self-efficacy, and career decision-making of university college graduates in the context of job hunting and employment. The research object is 498 graduates from six colleges and universities in Shaanxi Province, China, including A, B, C, D, E, and F. Data analysis is conducted using independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA analysis, path analysis, and structural equation model test. The results show that there is no significant difference between genders in the occupational value view, but there is significant difference in sense of self-efficacy and career decision-making; The only child has no significant difference in occupational value view, but has significant difference in sense of self-efficacy and career decision-making; family income has no significant difference in the graduates' occupational value view, but has significant difference in sense of self-efficacy and career decision-making; there is no significant difference in the graduates' occupational value view, sense of self-efficacy and career decision-making at different school levels; the occupational value view have a positive and significant impact on sense of self-efficacy and career decision-making; a sense of self-efficacy has a positive and significant impact on career decision-making; the sense of self-efficacy plays a partial intermediary role in the relationship between occupational value view and career decision-making.

Study on the Application of One Way Traffic Organization for Narrow High Frequency Road Sections—Take Yutuo Road in Lhasa as an Example

By analyzing the characteristics of single traffic and the current utilization of branch roads in urban road system, this paper takes narrow high-frequency road sections as the optimization object of single traffic organization and branch roads as the auxiliary optimization object to reduce road load. The TTI method is used to calculate the index when the road is congested, and the saturation of the road section is calculated. At the same time, considering the impact of intersection delay on one-way traffic and path selection, the traffic signal timing scheme at the intersection is calculated.

Three-dimensional stress-controlled cyclic behavior of the interface between gravel and steel

Three-dimensional (3D) stress-controlled cycling is arguably reflective for soil–structure interfaces under in-situ loading conditions. The 3D stress-controlled cyclic behavior of a gravel–steel interface and its influencing factors were explored by conducting several series of tests. Distinct tangential displacement is induced and shows a noticeable coupling effect when subjected to 3D cycling of shear stress. The stress-controlled behavior differs significantly from the displacement-controlled behavior, and presents obvious 3D features which are influenced by the shear path, shear stress amplitude, and unequal stress amplitudes. The shear path affects the magnitude and relationship pattern of the performance parameters, while the shear stress amplitude primarily impacts the magnitude. The shear stress-displacement curves exhibit elliptical and hyperbolic formations in circular and linear shear paths, respectively. The peak reversible normal displacement remains constant with cycling in two-way shear paths, but is negligible in one-way shear path. Increased shear stress amplitude results in magnified tangential displacement and migration, peak shear flexibility, irreversible and peak reversible normal displacements, and decreased non-coaxial angle. The critical shear stress amplitude is approximately 240 kPa, at which the peak shear flexibility remains constant with cycling. Induced aeolotropy of the interface occurs in the reversible normal displacement subjected to unequal stress amplitudes.

Thermodynamics and Kinetic Investigation of Reaction of Acriflavine with L-cysteine in Aqueous Medium

The kinetic investigation of reaction of 3,6-diamino-10-methylacridin-10-ium chloride (acriflavine) with l-cysteine in aqueous acidic medium at maximum absorption = 460 nm, ionic strength (I) = 0.1 mol dm−3 and temperature (T) = 307 K has been carried out spectrophotometrically. Using a pseudo first order approach, the rate of the redox reaction resulted to first order with respect to the [acriflavine, (AF)] and [l-cysteine, (CSH)] and second order total. Stoichiometric determination confirms that a mole of the acriflavine is consumed by a mole of l-cysteine at a time for the attainment of product formation. The reaction followed a one-way acid independence path. The adjustment in ionic strength (NaCl) and solvent polarity (water/acetone mixture) of the reaction system showed no reasonable effect and there was a fairly decrease in the reaction rate, respectively. The reaction rate is also characterised by neither catalysis nor inhibition of added ions. The negative magnitude of entropy of activation, DeltaS‡, (− 151.39 ± 031 J mol−1 K−1) and positive value of enthalpy of activation, DeltaH‡, (+ 31.378 ± 030 kJ mol−1) suggest that the reaction proceeds via an associative pathway and reasonable energy are needed to lower the activation energy for a tangible products formation. Two acridine unit products polymerised afterward forming a dimer as a result of an intramolecular coupling. A determinable intermediate has been observed through a spectroscopic test and confirmed by Michaelis–Menten’s plot. Based on Taube’s inorganic electron transfer reaction, an inner-sphere mechanistic pathway is implicated with a stable intermediate complex formation as shown below;Graphic abstract

Efficiency and Teamwork in Emergency Departments: Perception of Staff on Design Interventions.

The goal of this study is twofold: (1) identifying design strategies that enhance efficiency and support teamwork in emergency departments (EDs) and (2) identifying design features that contribute to the spread of COVID-19, based on staff perception. Due to increasing ED visits annually, an efficient work environment has become one of the main concerns in designing EDs. According to the literature, an efficient work environment and teamwork improve healthcare outcomes and positively impact staff satisfaction. During the COVID-19 pandemic, EDs faced various changes such as workflow and space usage. Few studies explored staff perceptions about the influence of design features on efficiency, teamwork, and the COVID-19 spread. An online survey with 14 open- and closed-ended questions was distributed among ED staff members to collect data about unit design features that impact efficiency, teamwork, and the COVID-19 spread. The central nursing station was one of the preferred configurations that increased efficiency and teamwork in EDs. Decentralizing disposal rooms in small-size EDs and decentralizing the medication room in large-size EDs with more than 65 exam rooms can decrease staff walking steps. Flexibility to expand treatment spaces on demand, one-way track circulation path, and changing the air pressure in COVID-19 treatment areas were some of the staff suggestions for future EDs. The findings of this study contribute to the body of knowledge that EDs' physical environments can impact efficiency and teamwork among staff and, consequently, healthcare outcomes. Compartmentalization of the ED layout can reduce the spread of COVID-19.

Performance of an open-path near-infrared measurement system for measurements of CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> during extended field trials

Abstract. Open-path measurements of atmospheric composition provide spatial averages of trace gases that are less sensitive to small-scale variations and the effects of meteorology. In this study we introduce improvements to open-path near-infrared (OP-NIR) Fourier transform spectrometer measurements of CO2 and CH4. In an extended field trial, the OP-NIR achieved measurement repeatability 6 times better for CO2 (0.28 ppm) and 10 times better for CH4 (2.1 ppb) over a 1.55 km one-way path than its predecessor. The measurement repeatability was independent of path length up to 1.55 km, the longest distance tested. Comparisons to co-located in situ measurements under well-mixed conditions characterise biases of 1.41 % for CO2 and 1.61 % for CH4 relative to in situ measurements calibrated to World Meteorological Organisation – Global Atmosphere Watch (WMO-GAW) scales. The OP-NIR measurements can detect signals due to local photosynthesis and respiration, and local point sources of CH4. The OP-NIR is well-suited for deployment in urban or rural settings to quantify atmospheric composition on kilometre scales.

Optimization Shortest One-Way Path for Energy Saving Auto Robot Collecting Floating Garbage using Fast Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search

Floating garbage is a global problem that needs to be cleared and disposed of from the sea and rivers or canals. Mostly the floating plastic garbage directly affects the ecology and the aquatic animals. This paper proposes to develop a low-cost auto robot from waste materials in the household, school, or agriculture, then combines with the Internet of Things technology and focusing on the power energy saving with the highest accuracy in operation of floating garbage collection. ESP32 development kit board is the primary controller with a camera module and ultrasonic sensor for detecting the floating garbage while moving on the water’s surface in the boundary of the specified area, including the small canal, rectangle area, and no rectangle area. The mixed mode is a new method to define the shortest one-way path using a fast approximate nearest neighbor search for the auto robot to detect and collect the floating garbage on the water surface. It was combined between the stationary and the cover model. The mixed mode can eliminate the blind spot area that occurs when using the stationary mode and cover mode. As a result, the auto robot system’s accuracy in mixed mode is 98.3%. It was found that the development of the shortest one-way path for the auto robot collecting floating garbage by mixed mode provides the highest efficiency in detecting floating garbage and also helps to save overall costs, and the resource consumption is nearly half of cover mode consumption.

“Bubbling” the Fourth Age in the Time of COVID-19

“Bubbling” the Fourth Age in the Time of COVID-19

ATSC 3.0 Personalized Targeted Advertisement

Among the numerous enhancements brought by Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) 3.0 to build the next-generation TV, personalized content is one of the most innovative and awaited. Nowadays, consumers have become used to an interactive content consumption on their mobile devices, whereas television continued its traditional one-way broadcast delivery path. To minimize this gap, ATSC 3.0 paves the way for a new content delivery model based on a broadcast/broadband hybridization. This important step allows content providers to enhance a linear broadcasted program with highly customized content, such as local weather forecast or emergency alerts, and more specifically targeted content. The aim of this tutorial is to breakdown and explain the entire production workflow and show how this technology can lead to a win–win situation for both viewers, broadcasters, advertisers, and equipment vendors .

Estimation of Path Loss Parameters of a Sub-Terahertz Wireless Channel Using Monostatic Radar

This paper presents a novel technique for estimating the path loss parameters of radio channels using monostatic radar. To this end, a two-way path loss model for a scenario using monostatic radar for a sub-terahertz (sub-THz) band channel measurement is expressed as a function of a parameter of a one-way path loss model, and then the path loss parameters are estimated using the maximum-likelihood estimation algorithm based on linear regression models, which is based on single reference distance and dual reference distances. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, a path loss measurement experiment is conducted in an indoor environment using a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar system with the base frequency of 119.5 GHz and the bandwidth of 5 GHz, and then the estimation results based on the proposed method are analyzed.

Structural and thermal analysis of an innovative baking furnace for carbon anode production

The urgent demands for the high efficiency and low consumption of carbon anode baking process stimulate the structure optimization of the baking furnace. In this paper, a closed-top innovative anode baking furnace (CTABF) with periodically arranged burners and anode crucibles is proposed, and the thermal process in the CTABF is studied via a coupled multi-physics model and the in situ measurement. Results show that the multi-channel design changes the one-way high-temperature flue gas path and increases its residence time in the furnace, while the temperature distributions in the inner and outer crucibles show good uniformity. The average convective heat flux accounts for about 68% of the total heat flux around the crucible surface, and thus the baking rate of anodes can be controlled by adjusting the power of driven fan. Therefore, due to the above structural retrofits, the baking time and energy consumption are reduced and the baking quality is improved, showing the superiority of the proposed CTABF over the traditional ABF.

A high-sensitive methane measuring telemetry system based on a direct optical absorption technique

In this paper, a reflective methane (CH4) gas telemetry system has been developed based on the direct optical absorption spectroscopy technique for an open light path. It can realize the real-time in-situ monitoring of CH4 gas within a range of 150 m. Considering the potential cross-interference effects of hydrocarbon gases in ambient air, a diode laser operating at a specific wavelength of 1653.7 nm is employed to target the strong CH4 absorption line in near-infrared region and therefore avoid the interference of water vapor absorption simultaneously. A measurement precision of 0.02 ppm within 40 m open optical path has been achieved over 30 h of continuous monitoring, indicating the excellent measuring sensitivity and stability of our telemetry system. Through the field test of leaked CH4 gas with a 150 m one-way open optical path, the developed CH4 telemetry system has proved to have great potential and reliability for environmental monitoring and remote gas detection in various industries.

Novel Theory and Technology in Modernist Britain, by Heather Fielding; Modernist Soundscapes: Auditory Technology and the Novel, by Angela Frattarola

Novel Theory and Technology in Modernist Britain, by Heather Fielding; Modernist Soundscapes: Auditory Technology and the Novel, by Angela Frattarola

Letter: Strategies for Prevention and Control of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection Among Medical Staff.

Letter: Strategies for Prevention and Control of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection Among Medical Staff.

Virtual Pheromone Based Network Flow Control For Modular Robotic Systems

Guaranteeing data transmission between modules is the key for application development of modular robotic systems. In a multi-channel modular robotic system, intersection modules play an essential role of communication channel selection in controlling data flow toward desired destinations. The gradient-based routing algorithm is an ideal solution to create an one-way communication path from any robotic module to a designated destination. To create bi-directional communication for a communication path of robotic configuration, virtual pheromone-based routing algorithm is a promising mechanism for intersection modules due to its simplicity and distributivity. In this paper, we address a virtual pheromone based network flow control based on the integration of gradient and virtual pheromone-based routing algorithms. We validated this method through an education and entertainment application using our newly developed modular robotic system.

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How visually impaired cyclists ride regular and pedal electric bicycles

The present study investigates whether visually impaired cyclists compensate for their vision limitations by maintaining a lower speed or a larger distance to the kerb than normally sighted cyclists when riding a regular bicycle or pedal electric bicycle (pedelec). A normally sighted control group (n = 10), a peripheral visual field loss group (n = 9), and a low visual acuity group (n = 12) rode a fixed route (7.5 km) in the Netherlands on a regular bicycle and on a pedelec. Speed and lateral position were measured when participants cycled a (I) one-way cycle path, (II) two-way cycle path, (III) residential area, and (IV) shared space zone. With regard to both the regular bicycle and the pedelec, no significant speed or lateral position differences were found between the three groups. In conclusion, for some people with severe and permanent visual impairments, and under certain circumstances, regular bicycle and pedelec riding may be possible without noticeable speed reduction or adapted lane position to compensate for their functional impairment. The present findings may further optimise the cycling advice provided by mobility trainers of vision rehabilitation centres and the independent mobility of visually impaired people.

Differences in cycling performance of Dutch and non-Dutch students in the Netherlands

Thirty-seven young adult participants completed a bicycle ride through the city of Groningen. Behaviour of Dutch and non-Dutch cyclists was compared in three conditions: on a control track (i.e. a one-way bicycle path), on a complex intersection, and on a roundabout. Basic bicycle control of the two groups did not differ, neither did reported invested mental effort. However, non-Dutch participants made more serious errors in the experiment and reported to have had more crashes previous to the experiment. It is concluded that the performance of non-Dutch cyclists who continue cycling upon arrival in a new country, does not differ on the control level, but at the higher manoeuvre level more performance errors were observed in the non-Dutch group.