One-shot Technique Research Articles

Analysis of Single-Shot and Long-Take Filmmaking: Its Evolution, Technique, Mise-en-scène, and Impact on the Viewer

The most of the narrative films feature extremely deliberate movie editing. The tale is advanced and viewers are given a feeling of time through cuts between shots. Cutaway shots provide background, and quick cuts that take place in only a fraction of a second, give the project vitality. A longer take, on the other hand, can occasionally be used to tell the story and transmit a lot of information at once, making it a crucial cinematography technique. Long-takes used to be constrained by the amount of physical film that could fit inside a camera. However, since everything is now done digitally, we can shoot as much as our multi-gigabyte storage card desires. There are several movie scenes that employ this long-take technique, but much fewer movies attempt to shoot the entire thing in a single take, and these films should be commended for taking the risk, even if they had various degrees of success. A single-shot or a long-take movie gives the illusion that time and space are continuous, just like in real life. So, as long as the filmmakers feel the need to be innovative and try to achieve something that is more difficult and fascinating for their films, innovation will remain crucial in the film industry. The one-shot technique is a rare example of a creative, innovative, and difficult technique. Using case studies, news reports and literature reviews, this study carefully observes that because the camera moves through and rewrites space in a single-shot movie, this filmmaking technique significantly contributes to the development of its mise-en-scène. It examines the effects that a single-shot or a long-take movie creates among the audience and the technical manoeuvres that define the success of it.

Simultaneous Measurement of Temperature and Strain in Electronic Packages Using Multiframe Super-Resolution Infrared Thermography and Digital Image Correlation

Abstract For micro-electronic components and systems, reliability under thermomechanical stress is of critical importance. Experimental characterization of hotspots and temperature gradients, which can lead to deformation in the component, relies on accurate mapping of the surface temperature. One method of noninvasively acquiring this data is through infrared (IR) thermography. However, IR thermography is often limited by the typically low resolution of such cameras. Additionally, the unique surface finish preparations required to infer physical deformation using digital image correlation (DIC) generally interfere with the ability to measure the temperature with IR thermography, which prefers a uniform high emissivity. This work introduces a one-shot technique for the simultaneous measurement of surface temperature and deformation using multiframe super-resolution-enhanced IR imaging combined with DIC analysis. Multiframe super-resolution processing uses several subpixel shifted images, interpolating the image set to extract additional information and create a single higher-resolution image. Measurement of physical deformation is incorporated using a test sample with a black background and low-emissivity speckle features, heated in a manner that induces a nonuniform temperature field and stretched to induce physical deformation. Through processing and filtering, data from the black surface regions used for surface temperature mapping are separated from the speckle features used to track deformation with DIC. This method allows DIC to be performed on the IR images, yielding a deformation field consistent with the applied tensioning. While both the low- and super-resolution data sets can be successfully processed with DIC, super-resolution helps to reduce noise in the extracted deformation fields. As for temperature measurement, using super-resolution is shown to allow for better removal of the speckle features and reduce noise, as quantified by a lower mean deviation from the spatial moving average.

One-shot dilation versus metallic dilation technique for access in percutaneous nephrolithotomy: comparison of efficacy, access time and fluoroscopic time

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy, access tract dilation time and fluoroscopic time between the one-shot dilation technique and telescopic metal dilatation technique in patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy in Nakornping Hospital. Materials and Methods: Sixty-six patients who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy from January 2020 to July 2021 were included in the study and they were randomly divided into two groups. In group 1 (32 patients), telescopic metal dilation was used, in group 2 (33 patients), the one-shot technique was used. Success rates of dilation, access tract dilation time and fluoroscopic time were evaluated. Results: The success rate of dilation was 100% in both groups. The access tract dilation time was 835.63 ± 309.68 seconds in group 1 and 569.42 ± 314.75 seconds in group 2 (p = 0.001). The fluoroscopic time was 48.16 ± 22.16 seconds in group 1 and 41.97 ± 23.99 seconds in group 2 (p = 0.29). The access tract dilation time of the one-shot dilation technique was statistically significantly shorter than that in the telescopic metal dilatation group. The mean fluoroscopic time of the one- shot dilation technique was shorter than in telescopic metal dilatation but was not statistically significant. Conclusion: One-shot dilation technique is as effective as telescopic metal dilatation, with a significant reduction in access tract dilation time.

Synthesis of Reactive Polyurethane Adhesives and Studying the Effect of Ketonic Resins

In this study, the effects of cyclohexanone formaldehyde ketonic resin (CFR) with different montmorillonite content on the viscosity, initial adhesion strength and temperature resistance of polyurethane one component adhesives were investigated. Cyclohexanone formaldehyde resin (CFR) with varying montmorillonite (MM) content were incorporated into formulation with a specified weight ratio (rate of 10% by weight of polyether polyol.) One-shot technique was used for synthesis. Blank polyurethane was synthesized using polyether polyol and polymeric 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (p-MDI). In experimental studies, the ratio of the isocyanate groups (NCO) to the hydroxyl group (OH) was 4.84. Reaction completion was followed by FTIR spectroscopy. Choloroparaffine was used as a plasticizer to adjust the viscosity and to reduce the fragile structure of the product. The NCO % values of the synthesized adhesive PU were measured by titration. When TGA datas were examined, it was found that the heat resistance of the product increased with the addition of CFR and MM-CFR. As a result, it has been determined that the adhesion properties and thermal resistance were improved with the use of ketonic resins in one component reactive adhesives.

Synthesis of Polyurethane Elastomers by One-shot Technique and Study of Different Polyol Types and Hard Segment Content After Exposure to γ-Irradiation

Synthesis of Polyurethane Elastomers by One-shot Technique and Study of Different Polyol Types and Hard Segment Content After Exposure to γ-Irradiation

CO2 laser stapedotomy safety: influence of laser energy and time on bone-conduction hearing levels.

Total laser energy in CO2 stapedotomy depends on the laser settings and the amount of applications. It is unclear if the amount of total laser energy affects bone-conduction hearing thresholds and if possible effects are temporary or permanent. Alterations of bone-conduction hearing thresholds after single or multiple-shot CO2 laser stapedotomy were analyzed between 1 and 3weeks and 1.5-6months after primary (n = 501) or revision surgeries (n = 153) and correlated to time, laser energy, frequency, surgical technique, and pathology encountered in revision stapedotomy. In both time periods, most patients showed a lower bone-conduction threshold in the four-tone puretone average (PTA) at frequencies of 0.5, 1, 2, and 3kHz that further improved over time. Between 1 and 3weeks, the improvement was significant in subgroups with cumulative energies lower 1J and successful one-shot technique or in revisions without laser application. The remaining subgroups with higher total energies showed significant improvements between 1.5 and 6 months. At 4 and 8kHz, significant improvements were found during 1.5-6months after primary and revision surgery independent of the used energy. Repeated CO2 laser applications showed no impairment in bone-conduction thresholds and can thus be considered as safe. In most patients, significant, yet unexplained, improvements in bone-conduction hearing thresholds were noticed in a time- and energy-related pattern.

English

In this paper, a simultaneous analysis and design method is derived and applied for a non-linear constrained aerodynamic optimization problem. The method is based on the approach of defining a Lagrange functional based on the objective function and the aerodynamic model’s equations, using two sets of multipliers. A fully-coupled, non-linear system of equations is derived by requiring that the Gateaux variation of the Lagrange functional vanishes for arbitrary variations of the aerodynamic model’s dependent variables and design parameters. The optimization problem is approached using a one-shot technique, by solving the non-linear system in which all sensitivities and problem constraints are included. The computational efficiency of the method is compared against a gradient-based optimization algorithm using adjoint-provided gradient. A conceptual-stage aerodynamic optimization problem is solved, based on a non-linear numerical lifting-line method with viscous corrections.

One-shot profile inspection for surfaces with depth, color and reflectivity discontinuities.

A one-shot technique for surfaces with depth, color, and reflectivity discontinuities is presented. It uses windowed Fourier transform to extract the fringe phases and a binary-encoded scheme to unwrap the phases. Experiments show that absolute phases could be obtained with high reliability.

Comparison of the safety and efficacy of one-shot and telescopic metal dilatation in percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a randomized controlled trial

Minimizing X-ray exposure during percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is challenging. Using the single semirigid dilator, also called "one-shot" or "one-stage" is a good alternative to routine telescopic metal dilators to reduce X-ray exposure. Our aim was to compare the single semirigid one-shot dilator with a telescopic metal dilator in PCNL. The intraoperative status was evaluated in 100 consecutive patients randomly assigned to two equal groups undergoing PCNL either with the one-shot (group A) or telescopic technique (group B). No significant difference in stone burden and location existed between the groups (P > 0.05). The mean age of group A and group B was 44.8 ± 15 and 45.6 ± 14 years, respectively (P = 0.78). The mean operation time was 51.14 ± 40.85 min in group A and 57.00 ± 38.85 min in group B (P = 0.46). The mean X-ray exposure time was 41.2 ± 17 and 48.4 ± 15 s in group A and group B, respectively (P = 0.03). The stone-free rate was 94 % (n = 47) in group A and 84 % (n = 42) in group B (P = 0.10). The mean hemoglobin drop was 1.26 ± 0.09 and 1.44 ± 0.11 g/dl in group A and group B, respectively (P = 0.09). The one-shot technique is feasible, safe, and well tolerated in patients undergoing PCNL. In addition to lack of complications, the method also provides less radiation exposure for urologists and nursing teams.

Extent of cement polymerization along dowel space as a function of the interaction between adhesive and cement in fiber post cementation.

To assess whether the polymerization extent of cement is influenced by curing mode of the adhesive and/or by photoactivation of the cement. One hundred five root segments were prepared from endodontically treated teeth. After post space preparation, the root segments were randomly divided into 7 groups, based on the cementation procedure to lute RelyX Fiber Posts (3M ESPE): 1. Variolink II (V, Ivoclar Vivadent); 2. V light-cured (LC); 3. Excite LC (ELC, Ivoclar Vivadent)/V; 4. ELC/V LC; 5. ELC-V LC (One Shot); 6. Excite DSC (EDSC)/V; 7. EDSC-V LC (One Shot). Each root segment was submitted to the acetone shake test to remove the unpolymerized resin and then cut longitudinally. On each half, the extent of cure of the cement was measured with image analysis software. The deepest and basically complete polymerization was obtained with EDSC (groups 6 and 7), regardless of whether light curing was performed. The extent of polymerization was most limited when adhesive was not applied (groups 1 and 2), or when ELC was only light cured, while V was allowed to auto-cure (group 3). With the one-shot polymerization of ELC and V (group 5), the extent of polymerization was similar to the procedure involving separate irradiation of adhesive and cement (group 4). The one-shot technique was significantly more effective if EDSC was used (group 6). The use of a self-activating dual-curing adhesive system in combination with a dual-curing cement enables effective luting of FRC posts regardless of the amount of light transmitted through the post.

Laserstapedotomie

In addition to hearing aids, stapesplasty represents the standard treatment of otosclerosis-induced hearing loss. In this procedure, the stapes superstructure is replaced by a prosthesis that is attached to the long process of the incus and communicates through a perforation in the footplate with the perilymphatic space of the inner ear. The removal of the stapes superstructure and perforation of the footplate are the critical steps of this surgical procedure. With the introduction of laser-assisted perforation techniques, the surgical safety of this method has been improved compared to conventional techniques. KTP, argon, as well as diode, Er:YAG and CO(2) lasers are used for stapedotomy. By using the CO(2) laser in conjunction with a scanner system, the number of laser applications required for the perforation of the footplate has been markedly reduced. In contrast to other systems, a more reproducible perforation diameter of the stapes footplate is achieved with a CO(2) laser equipped with a scanner. Complications such as uncontrolled leakage of perilymph, irradiation of inner ear structures or the occurrence of pressure waves with subsequent damage to the inner ear can be reduced by using a CO(2) laser. In this review, the surgical technique of CO(2) laser stapedotomy, including clinically established variants and paying particular attention to the one-shot technique, are described and discussed in comparison to other laser systems.

Indirect decoding edges for one-shot shape acquisition

Determining the correspondence in coded structured light is challenging, but it is very important in one-shot techniques for 3D shape reconstruction. The problem of decoding stripe patterns can be modeled as matching two code sequences. We propose decoding edges indirectly based on the property of the stripe pattern, which can be represented as edge code, color code, or mixed code sequences. While traditional methods match two edge code sequences, indirect decoding matches two color sequences or mixed code sequences. The advantages of the proposed method, including a higher Hamming distance, enforced local coherence, and more code information, make indirect decoding excellent in performance. Previously, the lack of ground truth has prevented direct comparisons of different decoding algorithms. Here we obtain six benchmark datasets using the robust space-time analysis. Five decoding methods are quantitatively evaluated using the ground truth. The comparison results show that our method is robust for complex code situations and that it outperforms the state-of-the-art technique in this area.

Construction for M-arrays and application in structured light

M-arrays are random arrays in which an appropriate sub-window appears only once in the whole array. Coded structured light based on M-arrays is one-shot technique to rapidly acquire 3D information of unknown surfaces by projecting suitable patterns onto a measuring surface. This paper presents a method to construct large size M-arrays based on the piece growing algorithm in which an array is constructed by many pieces through splicing each other. Reconstructing 3D shapes by utilizing the designed pattern based on constructed M-arrays for two objects are given.

Towards a computational method for imaging the extracellular potassium concentration during regional ischemia

We investigate the possibility of using body surface potential maps to image the extracellular potassium concentration during regional ischemia. The problem is formulated as an inverse problem based on a linear approximation of the bidomain model, where we minimize the difference between the results of the model and observations of body surface potentials. The minimization problem is solved by a one-shot technique, where the original PDE system, an adjoint problem, and the relation describing the minimum, are solved simultaneously. This formulation of the problem requires the solution of a 5 × 5 system of linear partial differential equations. The performance of the model is investigated by performing tests based on synthetic data. We find that the model will in many cases detect the correct position and approximate size of the ischemic regions, while some cases are more difficult to locate. It is observed that a simple post-processing of the results produces images that are qualitatively very similar to the true solution.

One-Shot Versus Metal Telescopic Dilation Technique for Tract Creation in Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Comparison of Safety and Efficacy

The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and morbidity of single-step acute dilation, named "one-shot" technique, including a single dilation of the nephrostomy tract with a 28F or 30F Amplatz dilator compared with metal telescopic dilation technique. Two hundred fourteen patients who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) for stone disease from September 2005 to October 2007 were included in the study, and they were randomly divided into two groups according to the type of tract dilation technique: in group 1 (112 patients), Alken telescopic dilators were used; in group 2 (102 patients), one-shot technique was used. Access tract dilation time, X-ray exposure time, success rate, and blood loss and other complications were evaluated. One-shot technique was compared using Alken telescopic dilators without an increase in morbidity and with significant reduction in X-ray exposure (p = 0.003). There was no significant difference in the procedural success rate between groups 1 and 2 (100% v 96.07%, respectively) (p = 0.765). There was no any significant difference in complications. Access time was similar in both groups (p = 0.14). One-shot dilation was proved to be safe and effective like metal telescopic dilation even in patients with a history of ipsilateral open renal surgery. In this procedure, X-ray exposure is lower.

Poly (urethane fatty amide) resin from linseed oil—A renewable resource

Poly (urethane fatty amide) [PULFA] resin was synthesized by using a one-shot technique at room temperature from diol linseed fatty amide [DLFA; a monomer obtained from the aminolysis of renewable resource, such as linseed oil with diethanolamine and sodium methoxide used as a catalyst], 1.0 moles, and varying ratio of toluylene-2,4(6)-diisocyanate [TDI, 0.08–1.5 moles] in minimum amount of xylene without any chain extender and catalyst. In this process phthalic acid/anhydride which is normally used in the synthesis of polyesteramide was completely replaced by TDI as in case of uralkyd. The reaction mechanism of the same has been discussed here. The mode of reaction and structure of the resin was confirmed by physico-chemical tests and spectral analysis. The performance of the coatings on mild steel strips was tested by physico-mechanical and chemical/corrosion resistance tests. Thermo gravimetric analysis [TGA] and differential scanning calorimetry [DSC] techniques were used to investigate the thermal stability and curing behavior of the resin. The aforementioned properties of newly synthesized resin were compared with those of reported linseed oil-based polyesteramide urethane [Ur-LPEA, synthesized by partial replacement of phthalic anhydride by TDI] and uralkyd. The newly synthesized resin has shown improved physico-mechanical and corrosion resistance performance to Ur-LPEA and alkyd, whereas to those of uralkyd has comparable results. The PULFA resin exhibits not only superior properties to some of the reported resins, but also helps in the conservation of energy by being synthesized at room temperature as compared to other similar reported systems which were synthesized at reasonably high temperatures. The present study reveals that the PULFA resin can be used as a substitute to Ur-LPEA, alkyd and uralkyd in the field of corrosion protective paints and coatings.

Optimised De Bruijn patterns for one-shot shape acquisition

Coded structured light is an optical technique based on active stereovision which allows shape acquisition. By projecting a suitable set of light patterns onto the surface of an object and capturing images with a camera, a large number of correspondences can be found and 3D points can be reconstructed by means of triangulation. One-shot techniques are based on projecting an unique pattern so that moving objects can be measured. A major group of techniques in this field define coloured multi-slit or stripe patterns in order to obtain dense reconstructions. The former type of patterns is suitable for locating intensity peaks in the image while the latter is aimed to locate edges. In this paper, we present a new way to design coloured stripe patterns so that both intensity peaks and edges can be located without loss of accuracy and reducing the number of hue levels included in the pattern. The results obtained by the new pattern are quantitatively and qualitatively compared to similar techniques. These results also contribute to a comparison between the peak-based and edge-based reconstruction strategies.

Multiuser detection of asynchronous CDMA with frequency offset

This article presents a near-far resistant detection scheme for asynchronous code-division multiple access with frequency offset. Based on a one-shot technique and Taylor expansion, a zeroth-order and a first-order one-shot linear decorrelating detector (LDD) are proposed. The zeroth-order LDD has simple architecture but suffers performance degradation for large frequency offset. The first-order one-shot LDD, with increased complexity, has very good near-far resistant property even for large frequency offset. Two versions of the first-order one-shot LDD are investigated according to different Taylor expansion approaches. The feasibility of the proposed detectors is demonstrated by computer simulations.

Percutaneous ethanol injection: single session treatment

Objective: Percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) has become one of the most widely used procedures for treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with cirrhosis. PEI spread rapidly thanks to its ease of execution, safety, low resection cost, repeatability, therapeutic efficacy, and survival rates comparable to those of surgical resection. A new version of the procedure known as “single session” PEI, designed for treatment of large HCC under general anesthesia, was proposed in 1993. Materials and methods: In our study of 108 patients with HCC>5 cm in diameter, 24 patients (Group A), were treated for a single and encapsulated lesions measuring from 5–8.5 cm, 63 patients (Group B), had a single and infiltrating lesions measuring from 5–10 cm or multiple HCC; and 21 patients (Group C), had advanced disease. Results: In Group A, complete necrosis was achieved in 58.3% of lesions, in Group B complete necrosis was achieved only in encapsulated lesions. In infiltrating lesions of Group B and C, complete necrosis was never obtained. Survival of patients at 3 years with encapsulated HCC was 57%, in infiltrating or multiple HCC 42%, and in advanced HCC 0%. One death due to bleeding of esophageal varices occurred in a Child's C patient. Major complications included intraperitoneal hemorrhage, an important hepatic decompensation, a transitory renal insufficiency, and two infarction of adiacent segment. Conclusion: Single session PEI is as effective in inducing liver tumor necrosis as traditional PEI. Its advantage are shorter treatment time and the capability of treating larger and multiple HCC. The One-shot technique proved a more aggressive therapeutic modality than traditional PEI.

Mechanical characterization of carbon fiber reinforced phenolic resol and epoxy condensate plastic

A matrix resin for carbon fiber reinforced composite was developed that consisted of resol type phenolic and difunctional epoxy resin (PR-EP) condensate or adduct. Carbon fiber reinforced composite with fiber volume fraction of 0.6 was prepared with PR-EP matrix containing 0, 50, 100, 150, and 175 parts of epoxy resin per hundred parts of phenolic resin (php), especially a synthesized resol type. One-shot and prepreg techniques have been adopted and the study of loss of volatiles has indicated the superiority in terms of favorable processability of prepreg technique over the other. FTIR spectroscopic analysis confirmed the PR-EP adduct formation at the prepreg preparation stage. The improvement in properties such as tensile strength and elongation at break was observed in resin matrices with epoxy and phenolic resin; however, the flexural strength and modulus remained more or less unaltered. The prepreg technique of composite preparation has resulted in substantial improvement in mechanical properties and the same was attributed to the formation of PR-EP adduct and low volatiles during cure. Composites of carbon fiber reinforced PR-EP matrix developed here are likely to meet the requirement of aerospace structures in view of the realization of a wide spectrum of properties.