One-dimensional Photonic Structures Research Articles

Optical Biosensor in a One-Dimensional Photonic Structure with Bound States in the Continuum

Optical Biosensor in a One-Dimensional Photonic Structure with Bound States in the Continuum

Periodic and quasi-periodic one-dimensional extrinsically magnetized photonic crystals with robust photonic bandgaps.

The study of light wave transmission spectra for a one-dimensional extrinsic multilayered photonic structure is investigated by using the transfer matrix method. The photonic transmission properties of the proposed structure are analyzed for the different values of the external magnetic field, incident angles in terms of standard and oblique, and the electron concentrations of the electromagnetic wave propagation through the extrinsic quasi-periodic and periodic photonic structures. Robust and wider PBGs have appeared for several kinds of quasi-sequences. The increase in electron concentration strengthens the PBG, though it is highly affected by the collision frequency. Furthermore, various PBGs in the terahertz frequency ranges are significantly influenced by the physical entities. The terahertz region's optical bandpass filters can be fabricated using the proposed framework. We also demonstrate that this proposed quasi-periodic multilayered architecture can be supplely controllable photonic crystals with positionable versions of the aforementioned features.

Electro-Optic Activity of a Non-Ideal One-Dimensional Photonic Structure in the Frequency Vicinity of Excitonic Transition

The paper is devoted to electro-gyration phenomenon in a non-ideal one-dimensional photonic crystal. One of the sublattices of the considered structure includes randomly distributed foreign layers with embedded point imperfections (vacancies). Electro-gyration effect arises due to the onset of optical activity of defect layers under the action of a constant electric field. We study the dependence of the specific polarization rotation angle of light on concentrations of layer wise and point defects as well as on the light frequency and lattice parameters.

Narrow-band controllable sources of IR emission based on one-dimensional magneto-optical photonic structures

Creation of controllable narrow-band emission sources for the mid- and long-wavelength infrared ranges is one of the primary tasks of infrared technology. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate non-luminescent (thermal) magnetically controllable sources of infrared emission based on semiconductor magneto-optical photonic structures (MOPS). It is shown that interference effects cause narrow-band thermal emission spectrum of such sources, and magnetic field makes it possible to effectively control the spectral and amplitude characteristics of emissivity in the mid- and long-wavelength infrared range. Influence of the MOPS composition and design on the source emissive characteristics is studied. Using the obtained results, the designs of A3B5 semiconductor compounds based sources with dynamically tunable spectrum and amplitude modulation of emission are proposed. Theoretical modeling has shown the possibility of dynamic control of their emission parameters by achievable magnetic fields. Such sources may be used in environmental monitoring systems, medicine, forensics, infrared spectroscopy, etc.

Magnetic fluid sensing and detection application of one-dimensional defective photonic structure composed of air/(SiO2/ZnSe)N/D/(SiO2/ZnSe)N/glass

Magnetic fluid sensing and detection application of one-dimensional defective photonic structure composed of air/(SiO2/ZnSe)N/D/(SiO2/ZnSe)N/glass

Wave propagation, bi-directional reflectionless, and coherent perfect absorption-lasing in finite periodic PT-symmetric photonic systems

Abstract With consideration of parity-time (PT) symmetry, Lorentz reciprocity theorem, and real Bloch phase, we propose a generalized parametric space for any PT-symmetric unit cells that can comprehensively illustrate the PT phase transition, Bloch phase, and necessary conditions of exotic wave scattering in the general finite periodic PT photonic structures. We put forward rigorous and formal expressions of bi-directional reflectionless and coherent perfect absorption and lasing (CPAL) for the finite one-dimensional PT photonic structures. With a new concept of the parametric space, we demonstrate the necessary PT phases of general unit cells, which result in the abnormal bi-directional reflectionless and CPAL effects. Moreover, thanks to parametrization, analytical formulas for complex relative permittivities of the unit cells composed of subwavelength gain–loss heterostructure are derived to provide a guideline for manipulating different PT scattering events. We accordingly study several one-dimensional PT photonic systems to achieve exotic wave scattering enabled by PT-symmetry. We believe this work may offer a theoretical underpinning for studying extraordinary wave phenomena of PT-symmetric photonics and may open avenues for manipulation of light.

Anodizing aluminum in a viscous electrolyte to produce one-dimensional photonic crystals

In the paper, the possibility to produce anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) featuring one-dimensional photonic crystal along the normal to the surface is shown. The AAO structure is represented by alternating layers of different porosity and is formed in a viscous electrolyte based on sulfuric acid and ethylene glycol at the periodically varying from high (1.8 mA/cm2) to low (0.4 mA/cm2) current density with a rectangular pulse shape. The pore sizes and interpore distance, pore density and porosity, thickness and period of the AAO structure have been determined. The specular reflection spectra features for single layers that make up the AAO structure and for one-dimensional photonic crystals structures consisting of 165 periods have been studied. An increase in the porosity of the upper layers of the structure due to chemical etching of the pores during the oxide growth is noted. It is shown that the invariance of the spectral position of the photonic band gap for AAO structures is achieved by a 0.1 % decrease in charge at each subsequent anodizing cycle during their formation, which leads to a decrease in the period of the structure in the lower layers, compensating for the increase in the upper layers porosity. The reflection spectra have been analyzed for the incidence angles of 10° and 30° and used to calculate the period of the structure and the effective refractive index. The effective refractive index of the single layers that make up the AAO structure is calculated using the optical Fabry–Perot oscillations. For AAO with the properties of one-dimensional photonic crystal, a green color is observed at normal light incidence, and an iridescent color is observed when the angle changes. AAO can be used as a decorative coating on the housings of electronic devices (tablets, laptops, phones, etc.) and when creating design objects made of aluminum and its alloys.

Topological Edge Modes in One-dimensional Photonic Artificial Structures (Invited)

Topological Edge Modes in One-dimensional Photonic Artificial Structures (Invited)

Investigation on Enamel and Dentine of Tooth through 1D Photonic Structure to Identify the Caries in Human Teeth.

In this research, a one-dimensional (1D) photonic structure was employed to study the nature of both enamel and dentine teeth at the signal of 1.8 THz. A simple three layer one-dimensional crystal is chosen to avoid fabrication intricacy. The materials and methods for sample preparations are discussed. The principle of investigation of caries in the teeth relies on the amount of reflected signal from the structure. Similarly, reflectance is a function of refractive indices and thickness of each layer, the nature of both substrate and infiltrated materials, and the configuration of the structure. Apart from this, the fabrication process of one-dimensional structure and experimental set-up was proposed in this article. The numerical treatment is explained here to obtain reflectance, and subsequently, the output potential. Comparison studies on output potential between enamel and dentine are also shown through graphical representation. The output result in terms of milli-Volt (mV) were obtained at the output end and collected at the photodiode. Interesting results were also observed at the photodetector. For example; the output potential of the reflected signal is around 0.18 mV for both enamel and dentine teeth whereas the potential is more than 0.26 mV and 0.31 mV for caries in dentine and enamel, respectively. Finally, it was inferred that the nature of teeth pertaining to the caries in the enamel and dentine teeth can be investigated by identifying the amount of potential at the output end.

Tunable cavity modes in diarylethene-based photo-switchable polymeric microcavities and study of the light-pulse propagation through the microcavities

Light responsive devices employing molecular photo-switches are interesting for displays and dynamic light filtering. In this work, polymeric microcavities embedding a layer of photochromic compound have been studied by means of the transfer matrix method. Different polymers, such as poly vinyl carbazole, poly styrene and cellulose acetate, have been used. A microcavity that includes random one-dimensional photonic structures sandwiching the photochromic layer has also been studied. Propagation of light pulses through the microcavities has been analysed.

Photo-thermal effect with photonic crystals for photocatalysis and water desalination

The demand of water is absolutely important for irrigation, industrial processes and domestic use. An interesting strategy to cope with the increasing water need is water desalination, which can be pursued with several strategies. Usually, the energy requirement of desalination plants is rather high. Membrane distillation is a good alternative, but it requires a non negligible amount of energy to heat the input water. Photothermal effects that exploit photonic structures can overcome this problem. In this review, we report significant works that employ photonic devices for water desalination. Moreover, we envisage the use of low-cost and easy-to-design one-dimensional photonic crystals and random photonic structures as photothermal devices.

One-Dimensional Photonic Serial Asymmetric Loops Structure Containing Three Defects

We study in this work, the occurrence of defects modes in the transmission spectrum and the band structure of a perfect photonic asymmetric serial loops structure (ASLS) utilized for narrow-band filtering. The perfect structure presents large photonic bandgaps that result from the modes of the loops resonances and the system periodicity. Besides that, the existence of defects within this perfect ASLS, whether at the segment or loop level, or both of them, causes the appearance of two, three, or four defect modes within gaps with good transmission rates and high-quality factors. These defects modes are extremely sensitive to changes in structural parameters. This system can be used to filter or guide the incoming electromagnetic waves. The interface response theory has been used to accomplish the analytical calculation. Green's function of the full system is determinated using this method. It allows us to calculate the dispersion relation and the transmission rate. Therefore, this paper can provide ideas for the design of multi-channel tunable filter using for frequency division multiplexing and microwave and signal processing.

Tamm plasmon enabled narrowband thermal emitter for solar thermophotovoltaics

Solar Thermophotovoltaics (STPV) has garnered great attention due to the pronounced energy transfer efficiency through a proper spectral transformation with respect to the bandgap of PV cells. In this work, we demonstrate a spectrally selective thermal emitter enabled by optical Tamm state (OTS) in a one-dimensional photonic structure, which is HfO 2 and SiO 2 layers alternatively stacked on a Mo substrate. The as-prepared emitter achieves a maximal simulated thermal emissivity up to 0.97, bandwidth down to 48 nm at 1.9 μm. The overall system efficiency of the proposed emitter-based STPV device is evaluated, which is up to 33.7% under the solar concentration of 2500 and area ratio of 20, providing a potential route towards the utilization of OTS-based emitters in practical STPV systems. • Easy-to-fabricate 1D emitter based on optical Tamm state (OTS). • Simulated emission spectrum with a maximal emissivity up to 0.97 and a minimal linewidth of 48 nm at the resonant wavelength. • 8% promotion of the calculated system-level efficiency of the OTS emitter compared to the CPA emitter.

Theoretical Study on Polycarbonate-Based One-Dimensional Ternary Photonic Structures from Far-Ultraviolet to Near-Infrared Regions of Electromagnetic Spectrum

In the present research work, we have theoretically analyzed the photonic band-gap properties of one-dimensional photonic structures composed of polycarbonate and non-glass materials. These photonic structures, PC1, PC2, PC3 and PC4, are composed of alternating layers of polycarbonate/Al2O3, polycarbonate/MgF2, polycarbonate/BaF2 and polycarbonate/TiO2 materials, respectively. The period of each photonic structure is made up of a thin non-glass material layer sandwiched between two identical polycarbonate layers. The transfer matrix method has been used to investigate the transmission properties of PC1 to PC4. The comparison between the transmission spectra of PC1 to PC4 shows that the polycarbonate and TiO2-based photonic structure (PC4) possess three PBGs of zero transmission located at far-ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum at normal and oblique incidence (θ0 = 55°), both corresponding to TE wave only. The index of refraction of all five materials used in this study was obtained by applying the Sellmeier-type dispersion relationship to ensure accuracy in the results. The purpose of selecting polycarbonate along with Al2O3, TiO2, MgF2 or BaF2 as constituent materials of these photonic structures is due to the heat resistance properties of polycarbonate and the unique optical properties of oxide and fluoride materials with wide transparency from the ultraviolet to the near-infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. The proposed work can be used to design some influential wavelength-selective reflectors composed of 1D PCs behind the active region of the solar cells for improving the photovoltaic performance of solar panels. This study can further be utilized for the fabrication of advanced solar cell designs consisting of 1D photonic mirror-based luminescence and reflection concentrators. The low temperature problem which arises in satellites may also be overcome with the help of smart windows based on the proposed multilayer structures.

Multi-frequency coherent perfect absorption in the one-dimensional magnetized ferrite photonic structure

A controllable multi-frequency absorption structure predicated on a one-dimensional magnetized ferrite photonic crystals (MFPCs) that achieves coherent perfect absorption is designed and further analyzed by utilizing the transfer matrix method. By introducing the filter structures to the MFPC and using the gradient descent optimization algorithms to optimize its layer parameters, the multi-frequency coherent absorption curve is obtained. The suggested MFPC brings out about six absorption peaks whose absorptance can be higher than 0.99 at the same time under the transverse electric mode. Moreover, the absorptance can be regulated from 0.99 to less than 0.1 by merely changing the phase deviation between the two incident waves to the front and rear surfaces. Besides, the studied results demonstrate that the intensity of coherent absorption and the position of absorption peaks can be adapted by altering the magnetic field and the thicknesses of ferrite layers. It follows that the absorption peaks can cover most frequency points from 58.6 to 65.9 THz via changing the thicknesses of the external magnetic field and ferrite layers. Moreover, the structure also has the potential for wide-angle absorption. This research furnishes a significant reference for the design of the multi-frequency absorption optoelectronic device and phase sensor.

Realization of double Fano resonances with a InSb-doped Fabry-Perot cavity

In this paper, a one-dimensional photonic structure is proposed for the realization of double Fano resonance (DFaR), which can be tuned by an external magnetic field and temperature. The designed photonic structure is composed of a Fabry-Perot cavity based on semiconductor material indium antimonide (InSb) and a sequence of general photonic crystals. A single Fano resonance (SFaR) is generated by the Fabry-Perot cavity, and the ordinary photonic crystals added to the back of the Fabry-Perot cavity offer a continuous transmission spectrum as a continuous state. The appearance of DFaR is ascribed to the interference phenomenon between SFaR and the continuous state. The effect of different parameters on Fano resonance was simulated by the transfer matrix method. The simulation results show that the interaction of the SFaR with the continuum spectrum leads to a new Fano resonance (NFaR) with a higher quality factor. Furthermore, DFaR can have the function of multi-physics tuning, controlled by the external magnetic field and temperature for the amplitude and frequency point of transmittance due to the introduction of InSb material. Based on the characteristics of DFaR, these obtained results can provide ideas for designing multi-measuring optical filters, lasers, slow light devices, and multi-node optical switches.

Controllable characteristics of interface states in one-dimensional inverted symmetric photonic structures

Using the transfer matrix method, the tunable characteristics of the interface state generated by one-dimensional photonic structure with inversion symmetry are studied, and the samples are prepared by electron beam evaporation technology for experimental verification. According to the different inversion symmetry centers of unit cell, the inverted symmetric layered photonic structures are divided into two types i.e. PCI and PCII. The calculation results show that for the combined structure composed of PCI and PCII, there is an interface state at a characteristic frequency where the sum of the imaginary parts of the surface impedance of PCI and PCII is equal to zero, and this frequency of the interface state is independent of the number of unit cells. On this basis, if a PCI structure is added to form PCI + PCII + PCI photonic structure, two interface states will be generated in the same band gap, and changing the unit cell number in each or part of of individual PCI and PCII structures, the frequencies of two interface states can be regulated. The experimental results show that the regulation of interface state by controlling unit cell number is feasible, which provides a more flexible idea for designing the extremely narrow-band filters and multi-channel filters to meet different application requirements.

Analysis and detection of women's reproductive hormones using a bistable and reconfigurable 1D annular photonic crystal composed of the Ge2Sb2Te5 phase-change material.

In this study, the reconfigurable biosensing capabilities of the one-dimensional annular photonic structure, (AB)5CDC(AB)5, was examined theoretically. The proposed structure was made of concentric cylindrical layers of periodically modulated refractive indices, which were restricted in one direction only. Germanium antimony telluride (GST), which belongs to the class of phase-change materials (PCMs), was used in the fabrication of the proposed biosensing design. The entire study was carried out in the near-infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The suggested biosensing structure was constructed by depositing alternate periodic cylindrical layers of SiO2 and Si with a central air core. An air cavity coated on both sides by a phase-change chalcogenide material (Ge2Sb2Te5) was introduced at the centre of the 1D annular photonic crystal to realize the (AB)5CDC(AB)5 structure. The simulation results of the proposed work were obtained using the MATLAB computational tool taking into consideration the modified transfer matrix method. The primary focus of this study was to measure the change in the position and intensity of the defect mode with respect to the change in the concentration levels of analytes containing progesterone and estradiol reproductive hormones separately in the amorphous and crystalline phases of the Ge2Sb2Te5 material. Interestingly, a strong tunability in the position of the central wavelength of the defect mode inside the photonic band gap (PBG) was noticed during the phase transition of the GST material from amorphous to crystalline and back. In both the phases of the GST material, our design could identify minute refractive index variations in blood samples containing reproductive hormones at different concentrations for monitoring various gynaecological disorders in women. Besides sensitivity, other important parameters such as the limit of detection, signal-to-noise ratio, and quality factor were estimated to evaluate the biosensing capabilities of the proposed design.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ КУТОВИХ ТА ПОЛЯРИЗАЦІЙНИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ТЕПЛОВОГО ВИПРОМІНЮВАННЯ ОДНОМІРНИХ ФОТОННИХ СТРУКТУР НА СКІНЧЕННІЙ ПІДКЛАДИНЦІ

One-dimensional photonic structures (PS) are the layered metamaterials, which optical properties are due to interference effects within the structure. Due to the interaction of electromagnetic waves with the periodic structure, the thermal radiation (TR) of such PS has the features of coherent: it has a selective spectrum and a petal pattern. The relevance of TR PS research is due to the search for new materials to create sources of infrared (IR) radiation in the middle and far IR range (with a wavelength > 5 μm). The second important area of application of the radiating properties of the PS is the creation of non-radiating coatings to remove unwanted TR from the heated surfaces of the IR devices. Despite the fact that the irradiative properties of PS have been studied quite well, in the literature insufficient attention is paid to the influence of the finite substrate on the parameters of TR structures. The influence of a finite incoherent substrate on the angular and polarization characteristics of the thermal radiation of the system (photonic structure)/substrate has been investigated. Systems consisting of plane-parallel Ge or Si plates as PS and incoherent BaF2, BaF2/Al and Al substrates were used in experimental studies. It has been established, the contrast and amplitude of the directional diagram petals of the TR system depend on the ratio of the optical characteristics of the photonic structure and the substrate. The presence of a strongly reflective substrate eliminates the difference between the angular dependences of the s- and p-polarized components of the TR. In the case when the PS is placed on a transparent incoherent substrate with a lower refractive index, there is an increase in the p-polarized component of the TR and the suppression of the s-polarized. The thermal imaging picture of the TR angular distribution of the Si/Al system has been recorded and it was experimentally proved that the TR of photonic systems exhibits circular patterns. The results of the work can be used in the development of narrowband emitters in the middle and far infrared range, coatings to increase radiation energy exchange and coatings with minimal emissivity that are invisible in the thermal range.

A multifunctional and multiscale device of magnetic-controlled AND logical operation and detection based on the nonreciprocity of the magnetized InSb photonic structure

In this article, a multifunctional and multiscale device which can realize the functions of the magnetic-controlled AND logical operation and detection based on the one-dimensional magnetized InSb photonic structure is proposed and theoretically investigated. Properly modulating the target resonant absorption peak by the external magnetic field, and employing the peak to determine the logical operation, the accurate AND logical operation is fulfilled. Since the target absorption peak holds a superior quality factor value, the designed structure can be considered for detecting the crucial physical quantities, magnetic field, and refractive index. Especially, owing to the magneto-optical effect, time-reversal symmetry and space-reversal symmetry are broken, and the nonreciprocity is generated, which further makes the logical operations and detection of the forward and backward scales can be simultaneously acquired. Numerical analysis gains the optimal sensitivity, the quality value and detection limit. For the detection of magnetic field, and refractive index are 3.13 × 1012 T−1, 9341, 8.4 × 10−5 T, and 1.13 × 1011 RIU−1, 10537, 5.6 × 10−4 RIU, respectively. Surpassing the conventional electromagnetic devices, the designed photonic structure in this work with the combination of magnetic-controlled AND logical operation and detection functions plays a significant constructive role in information communication and photonic computing.