On-site Observations Research Articles

Gerenciando riscos em salas de vacina: um estudo de segurança em Unidades Básicas de Saúde de Salvador, BA

Introduction: The risks in vaccination rooms imply not only damage to users, but also to vaccination coverage. Objective: to analyze structural conditions and factors that facilitate and hinder risk management in vaccine rooms. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the vaccination rooms of the Basic Health Units (UBS) of a health district in Salvador, BA. Data collection: form for interview with the responsible professional and on-site observation of these services. The following were analyzed: physical-structural conditions; care for the refrigeration chamber and thermal boxes; Nursing conduct; and training of professionals. Results: 91.3% vaccination rooms were studied. These services operate in exclusive spaces; immunobiologicals stored in refrigerated chambers. Vaccines are packaged and used according to the expiration date. Professional team: one nurse and two nursing technicians were present in 66.6% of the rooms; the hand hygiene practice of the professionals was 76.1%. Nursing team training was observed in 19%, annual training in 14.2%, and participation in scientific events in 19%. Of the 21 vaccine rooms, 5 (23.8%) had adequate risk management practices, 14 (66.6%) had risk management practices requiring adjustment, and 2 (9.6%) had inadequate risk management. Statistical correlation was identified between risk management practices and individual items from the categories analyzed to ratify the good practices in the vaccination room presented here. Conclusion: This study highlights inadequacies in vaccination rooms and the need to review work processes, as well as to incorporate systematic strategies for managing the numerous risks related to these services, to guarantee user safety.

Evaluation of impact of lean management practices on dairy business performance

Purpose This research was initiated by motivation from a real business problem that delves into lean management practices in dairy farm operations. It investigates how lean management practices can be applied as an improvement strategy in the dairy business to evaluate its impact on performance, where profitability is a decisive factor. Design/methodology/approach Based on the qualitative design, a 5-phase action research methodology was used in this study, where multiple data collection sources were used, including focus group discussions, on-site observation or Gemba walks and process mapping. The impact is evaluated by comparing the key performance measures with the same period before and after research. Findings The research revealed that lean management practices can significantly improve dairy business performance. It explained vital aspects of lean management practices and their sequence with examples of first-hand applications. It explained, how lean management practices were applied in dairy farm operations. Furthermore, the research resulted in significant benefits, in terms of quality, cost and profitability. Practical implications This research was conducted in a real business setting in the field environment, to improve dairy business performance. It was a distinctive application of lean management practices to solve a national problem. This could be used as a road map to bring continuous improvement at the national level to improve the performance of food value chains. Originality/value This research is unique because it addresses the methodological, population and empirical gaps in dairy farm operations. It adds value to the existing knowledge base by sharing best practices, developed and implemented for the first time to the best of our knowledge, like high-level process mapping and performance measures at different levels. Furthermore, the solutions can be simulated in related farm operations to bring breakthrough improvements in dairy business performance.

The meaning of “should”

AbstractWhen implementing the performance‐based Process Safety Management (PSM) Standard (OSHA 1910.119), industry needs to comply with applicable recognized and generally accepted good engineering practices (RAGAGEP) for their facility. While this may seem like a simple task, determining what is applicable and how it affects the design, construction, inspection/testing, and operations, it can be a significant effort. This paper aims to provide guidance on interpreting the “should” versus “shall” debate, particularly how to deal with “should” provisions, why this matters, and share lessons learned from AcuTech's extensive onsite observations where the impacts of these interpretations are seen in process safety programs.

SOCIO-CULTURAL STUDY OF GOPALI CASTE OF NEPAL: A CASE STUDY IN MACHHEGAUN, CHANDRAGIRI 9, KATHMANDU, NEPAL

The Gopali caste, a subgroup within the Newar community, has a unique socio-cultural heritage that remains under-researched and underrepresented. This study examines the social and cultural conditions of the Gopali caste in Ward No. 9 of Chandragiri Municipality using a qualitative approach. Data was collected from primary sources such as on-site observation, participant observation, focus group discussions, and interviews, and secondary sources including books and online materials. The findings reveal that the Gopalis, who migrated from the Mathura region of India around 3,500 years ago, have historically maintained unique social and ritual practices while living in seclusion. Today, Gopali settlements are primarily in the southwestern Kathmandu Valley and Makwanpur district. Despite diversifying into various occupations, they face limited participation in Nepal's administrative and political processes. This research underscores the importance of recognizing the Gopalis as a separate ethnic group to preserve their cultural heritage. Future research should focus on detailed ethnographic studies to document their traditions and explore ways to integrate the Gopalis into Nepal's broader socio-political landscape while preserving their distinct identity.

Analyzing SD-WAN Deployment Challenges in the Retail Sector

This article presents a comprehensive case study analysis of a significant SD-WAN deployment failure within a large retail chain, offering critical insights into the challenges and complexities associated with network modernization in the retail sector. Through an in-depth examination of the implementation process, we identify key factors contributing to the failure, including inadequate pre-deployment assessment, poor vendor selection, overlooked security requirements, and difficulties integrating with legacy systems. The article employs a rigorous methodology, combining semi-structured interviews, document analysis, and on-site observations to provide a nuanced understanding of the technical, organizational, and human factors at play. By analyzing the consequences of the failed deployment, including increased operational costs, customer dissatisfaction, and reputational damage, we derive valuable lessons and best practices for future SD-WAN implementations. The article concludes with a discussion of risk mitigation strategies, the importance of tailored solutions, and long-term considerations for SD-WAN success in retail environments. This article contributes to the growing body of knowledge on SD-WAN adoption, offering practical guidance for retailers and IT professionals navigating the complexities of network transformation in an increasingly digital retail landscape.

Piloting an Assessment Tool to Organize Surgical Care in Armed Conflicts: Findings From Cameroon

IntroductionArmed conflict is increasing globally and is dramatically disrupting surgical care more than ever before. To address this, the PIPESS (Personnel, Infrastructure, Procedures, Equipment, Supplies, and Standard) tool was designed to facilitate assessment of hospital capacity. It assesses 6 key categories at 3 timepoints: preconflict, during conflict, and postconflict. This tool was piloted to assess the impact of conflict and COVID-19 on surgical care delivery at the Buea Regional Hospital in Cameroon. MethodsThis was a cross-sectional, qualitative study combining in-depth interviews and on-site observations of the surgical care unit. The data collected during the interviews were then applied to the modified PIPESS tool to calculate a preconflict score based on recall and a during conflict score to quantify differences before and during conflict. ResultsWe interviewed 12 key informants: 6 patients, 3 doctors, and 3 other staff. The themes extracted from the preconflict period highlight major barriers including rudimentary prehospital care and referral limitations from remote areas, lack of funding and training, and a demand exceeding the supply of care. COVID-19 resulted in an influx of resources into the region and did not disrupt care to the extent of the conflict. Quantitatively, the PIPESS score for preconflict was 110, and the PIPESS score during conflict was 115, showing an increase in resources, specifically in personnel and infrastructure during conflict. ConclusionsThe conflict increased the burden on existing health centers and strained resources for trauma care. Paradoxically, surgical resources increased during the conflict likely because of increased international support along with local displacement of staff toward the hospital. Further data should be collected during the postconflict setting.

Diurnal hourly near-surface ozone concentration derived from geostationary satellite in China

Near-surface O3 is a harmful atmospheric pollutant and a key component of urban photochemical pollution. The availability of satellite ozone concentration products is predominantly restricted to daytime, resulting in a lack of understanding of nighttime ozone pollution (e.g. nocturnal ozone enhancement events). This research leverages 5-km bright temperatures derived from Advanced Himawari Images (AHI) on the Himawari-8 satellite, in conjunction with auxiliary data, to estimate 24-h near-surface O3 concentrations in China at a resolution of 5 km for 2020. The model achieves an average 5-fold cross-validation R2 of 0.92. Comparative analysis with on-site observations reveals that the model has low relative errors between 8:00 and 21:00 LT. The estimated O3 maps depict a consistent 24-h variation pattern, characterized by high and most fluctuating concentrations during the daytime, reaching a peak around 16:00 LT, which is primarily due to the increased photochemical reactions and the O3 accumulation in the mid-afternoon. In the daytime of summer, high surface ozone concentrations are mainly contributed by June. The elevated levels of O3 are predominantly found in central China, particularly in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and Inner Mongolia. It can also be seen that although the highest average daytime surface O3 concentration occurs in summer, the highest nighttime concentration is observed in spring, which may be attributed to the frequent occurrence of horizontal transport and vertical mixing of O3. This study holds promise in providing comprehensive round-the-clock surface O3 data across China, thereby enhancing our understanding of diurnal ground-level O3 variations.

Physical activity promotion in Aged care: a participatory approach

Abstract Introduction Aged care facilities (ACF) constitute an increasingly important, yet challenging setting for health promotion - given it is a highly sedentary pseudo-total institution characterized by structured daily routines within a paradigm of care for residents perceived as fragile and vulnerable. A participatory approach with residents, significant others, staff, and management might be a promising pathway to address intrapersonal, sociocultural, organizational, environmental, and political determinants of physical activity in this specific context. We will present processes and results from a research project, funded by the German Ministry of Health (2019-2023), on physical activity promotion in ACFs. Methods Our co-creation approach involved residents, significant others, staff, and management from seven nursing homes in Southern Germany. Methods included 800hrs on-site observations, semi-structured interviews (n = 31), Photovoice (n = 27 participants, n = 169 photos), as well as future workshops (n = 14) for intervention co-development (n = 14) and co-evaluation workshops (n = 7). Data analysis used reflexive thematic analysis with MaxQDA20. Results Implemented interventions (n = 57) addressed individual, social, environmental, and organizational factors. Activity promotion was integrated into care concepts and mission statements, staff work descriptions, as well as informal internal routines. Of the interventions implemented, 33% were rated as more successful, 43% as successful, and 19% as less successful than anticipated. Conclusions Participation can initiate structural and cultural change towards physical activity. However, the analyses also emphasized the critical role of staff training, along with the involvement of significant others and external service providers, as essential components for achieving sustainable change. Key messages • Participatory approaches integrate physical activity into aged care, fostering cultural shifts for resident well-being. • Success requires staff training, engaging residents’ support networks, balancing empowerment with protection.

Cocoa Farmers’ Perceptions of Drought and Adaptive Strategies in the Ghana–Togo Transboundary Cocoa Belt

This study investigated the perception of drought by cocoa farmers and explored the effectiveness of adaptive strategies (ASs) used in smallholding farms in the transboundary region between Ghana and Togo. Drought significantly threatens cocoa production in this region, affecting farmers’ livelihoods and cocoa supply chains. This study used a multistage sampling approach, which involved surveys with questionnaires administered to 330 cocoa farmers throughout the study area, along with on-site observations. Statistical analysis included binary logistic and Poisson regression models to explore the relationship between farmer socioeconomic characteristics and adaptation practices. The findings revealed that cocoa farmers in the region have a nuanced understanding of drought, attributed to changing climatic patterns and unsustainable land management practices such as deforestation. To mitigate its impacts, farmers employ a variety of ASs, including investment in farm management, soil management, and intercropping with crop diversification. Furthermore, socioeconomic factors, including age, formal education, household size, land tenure right, adaptation cost assessment, and an underestimation of self-efficacy, were shown to affect the choice in the AS. Among the ASs adopted, only farm management practices (weeding, pruning, fertilizer application, etc.) significantly improved yield. This study contributes to understanding drought as a critical issue for cocoa farmers and the adaptation practices used by smallholder cocoa farmers. Given that among the strategies adopted, only farm management practices, also known as good agricultural practices (GAPs), significantly improves yield, this study recommends well-designed and innovative packages of sustainable farm management based on farm and owner characteristics. These include irrigation schemes, timely soil fertilizer monitoring and supply, and the provision of drought-resistant varieties along with technical itineraries. Additional interventions require drought emergency responses, with other factors such as education and financial support mechanisms expected to improve farmers’ timely decision-making to adapt and improve cocoa production resilience to drought episodes in international transboundary regions with complex governance structures.

Impact Assessment of Forest Degradation on Peoples Livelihood: The Case of Harena Buluq Woreda Bale Eco Region, Southeast Ethiopia

In developing countries like Ethiopia, forest degradation, characterized by the decline in forest cover and diminished capacity to provide essential goods and services, presents significant environmental, social, and economic challenges. The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of forest degradation on the way of life for the people living in the southeast Ethiopian woreda of Harena Buluq. Examining how forest degradation affects local livelihoods with a particular emphasis on livelihood strategies and the degree of reliance on forest resources is the main goal. In order to obtain qualitative insights, data was gathered by means of a combination of secondary sources and key informant interviews, which were complemented by on-site observations of the consequences of forest degradation. After gathering, the data was examined and shown. The findings underscore the multifaceted impact of forest degradation on the socio-economic fabric of communities in Harena Buluq, highlighting the urgent need for targeted interventions to mitigate its adverse effects and promote sustainable livelihood practices.

Evaluation of Çankırı and Iğdır salt caves within the scope of health and recreation tourism

With the increasing popularity of healing methods involving salt, the importance of salt mines has grown significantly over time. Today, as salt therapy (Speleotherapy) becomes more widespread, salt caves in many countries around the world have begun to transform into salt therapy centers. Salt caves in Spain (Cardona), Belarus (Soliharsk), Romania (Slanic, Salina Turda, and Praid), Poland (Wieliczka), Pakistan (Khewra), Germany (Berchtesgaden), Azerbaijan (Nakhchivan), and Turkey (Çankırı and Iğdır Tuzluca) are used for therapeutic purposes. Particularly, Çankırı Salt Cave and Iğdır Tuzluca Salt Cave are important resources in Turkey that can be evaluated within the scope of health tourism. In this study, a literature review, official website analysis, and on-site observations were conducted. In the literature review, previous research on the subject was examined. Through website analysis, the spatial units and recreational activities of the salt caves were identified. The spatial units and recreational activities of each salt cave were determined using the collected data. Subsequently, on-site observations were made by visiting the salt caves in Çankırı and Iğdır. During these observations, the spatial units within the salt caves were visited and photographed individually. Then, the data obtained from the literature, official website analyses, and on-site observations were combined. Finally, the characteristics of all the examined caves were tabulated, and based on the created table, the caves were evaluated. As a result of the evaluation, the Cardona Salt Mine in Spain stands out for its historical and cultural activities; the Nakhchivan in Azerbaijan, Soligorsk in Belarus, Slanic and Praid Salt Mines in Romania are treatment centers offering salt therapy services; the Salina Turda Salt Mine in Romania is an underground theme park; the Wieliczka Salt Mine in Poland, Khewra Salt Mine in Pakistan, and Berchtesgaden Salt Mine in Germany are primarily used for recreational purposes; while the developing Çankırı and Iğdır Tuzluca Salt Mines in Turkey are also noted for their recreational use.

Exploring Halal Nyonya Food Consumption Intention Among Tourists

The topic of tourists' intention to consume Halal Nyonya food in Malaysia has garnered increasing attention in recent years. Nyonya cuisine, a unique blend of Malay and Chinese culinary traditions, has long been a hallmark of Melaka’s vibrant food scene. However, as Malaysia grapples with the diverse dietary needs of its growing tourism sector, the challenge lies in ensuring that Nyonya food offerings cater to the preferences of Muslim tourists seeking Halal-certified options. The main goal of this research is to explore and comprehend the preferences of tourists regarding the intention to consume Halal Nyonya’s ethnic food in Melaka. The study focuses on tourists' gastronomic choices, particularly as it relates to their intake of Halal Nyonya food. The study involves local and international tourists who have experienced Halal Nyonya food in Melaka in 2024. Data was collected through surveys, on-site observations, and interviews to understand factors affecting Halal Nyonya’s food consumption intention behavior. This research examines the association between independent and dependent factors that influence tourists from various geographical locations who visit Melaka to consume Halal Nyonya Nyonya food. It adds to the database of information already in existence by illuminating how tourists in Melaka from various locations approach and engage with Halal Nyonya's food. This deepens our comprehension of the dynamics of tourist preferences, cultural preservation, and culinary tourism. In conclusion, our research confirmed attitude, subjective norms, and perceived control will lead a tourist to have the intention to consume Halal Nyonya food.

Identification of High-Photosynthetic-Efficiency Wheat Varieties Based on Multi-Source Remote Sensing from UAVs

Breeding high-photosynthetic-efficiency wheat varieties is a crucial link in safeguarding national food security. Traditional identification methods necessitate laborious on-site observation and measurement, consuming time and effort. Leveraging unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing technology to forecast photosynthetic indices opens up the potential for swiftly discerning high-photosynthetic-efficiency wheat varieties. The objective of this research is to develop a multi-stage predictive model encompassing nine photosynthetic indicators at the field scale for wheat breeding. These indices include soil and plant analyzer development (SPAD), leaf area index (LAI), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), stomatal conductance (Gsw), photochemical quantum efficiency (PhiPS2), PSII reaction center excitation energy capture efficiency (Fv’/Fm’), and photochemical quenching coefficient (qP). The ultimate goal is to differentiate high-photosynthetic-efficiency wheat varieties through model-based predictions. This research gathered red, green, and blue spectrum (RGB) and multispectral (MS) images of eleven wheat varieties at the stages of jointing, heading, flowering, and filling. Vegetation indices (VIs) and texture features (TFs) were extracted as input variables. Three machine learning regression models (Support Vector Machine Regression (SVR), Random Forest (RF), and BP Neural Network (BPNN)) were employed to construct predictive models for nine photosynthetic indices across multiple growth stages. Furthermore, the research conducted principal component analysis (PCA) and membership function analysis on the predicted values of the optimal models for each indicator, established a comprehensive evaluation index for high photosynthetic efficiency, and employed cluster analysis to screen the test materials. The cluster analysis categorized the eleven varieties into three groups, with SH06144 and Yannong 188 demonstrating higher photosynthetic efficiency. The moderately efficient group comprises Liangxing 19, SH05604, SH06085, Chaomai 777, SH05292, Jimai 22, and Guigu 820, totaling seven varieties. Xinmai 916 and Jinong 114 fall into the category of lower photosynthetic efficiency, aligning closely with the results of the clustering analysis based on actual measurements. The findings suggest that employing UAV-based multi-source remote sensing technology to identify wheat varieties with high photosynthetic efficiency is feasible. The study results provide a theoretical basis for winter wheat phenotypic monitoring at the breeding field scale using UAV-based multi-source remote sensing, offering valuable insights for the advancement of smart breeding practices for high-photosynthetic-efficiency wheat varieties.

Utilizing the Experience Economy to Cultivate Unforgettable Moments in Sustainable Tourism: The Case of Edelweiss Park in Wonokitri Village

Limited attention has been given to the implementation of the experience economy in tourism villages. This research aims to bridge this gap by evaluating the practical applications of the experience economy in the management of tourism destinations, specifically within the framework of Edelweiss Park in the Wonokitri Tourism Village. This study adopts qualitative methodologies, utilizing interviews and on-site observations. The investigation was carried out at Edelweiss Park in Wonokitri village, where discussions were held with both stakeholders involved in the park’s management and its visitors. In total, six individuals were interviewed to glean insights into the implementation of experience economy practices within Edelweiss Park. Edelweiss Park offers a unique cultivation tourism experience where visitors actively engage in cultivating edelweiss flowers. The hands-on learning and expert guidance enhance the overall enjoyment and satisfaction of the experience. Edelweiss Park stands out as a conservation-based destination that successfully combines tourism with responsible practices, making it a remarkable model for preserving edelweiss flowers while providing visitors with an enjoyable and rewarding visit. Keywords: experience economy, tourism village, visitor engagement

Enhancing weathered slope stability assessment through the integration of slake durability index, elastic modulus of knocking ball, and electrical resistivity tomography.

This research assesses the stability of sedimentary rock slopes in Teloi, Sik, Kedah, by focusing on the mechanical properties of the rock layers and their susceptibility to weathering. Key tests include the slake durability index (SDI), elastic modulus of knocking ball (Ekb), and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). The incorporation of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) data through the virtual reality platform facilitates the visualization of subsurface conditions. The variability of strength characteristic of interbedded sedimentary rocks leads to the differential weathering of rock layers, which causes deterioration on the slope structure. The testing revealed significant variability in rock strength, with sandstone displaying higher durability (Id > 17.1%) and elasticity (Ekb: 0.97 to 29.31 GPa) compared to shale and siltstone, which exhibited lower durability and elasticity (Id < 2.2%, Ekb: 0.2 to 2.2 GPa). Utilizing the Wenner array setup, three distinct electrical resistivity lines were established to evaluate subsurface anomalies. The ERT profiles revealed variations in electrical resistivity among different rock types, identifying areas of weaker material, which are siltstone and shale, while high resistivity areas indicate sandstone. Kinematic analysis through the stereonet process revealed direct toppling as the primary failure mechanism, driven by the critical orientations of joint sets J1, J2, and J3. This aligns with on-site observations of hanging sandstone blocks prone to toppling failure. The findings of this research show that the slake durability index (SDI) and the elastic modulus of the knocking ball (Ekb) enhance the assessment of mechanical properties and weathering resistance of interbedded sedimentary rocks. The virtual reality platform was particularly helpful in analyzing and visualizing the sub-surface conditions and enhancing the evaluation of complex geological data. As a conclusion, this integrated method was helpful in the comprehensive geotechnical evaluation of the slopes, enabling the selection of effective stabilization measures by assessing the differential weathering of interbedded sedimentary rock and identifying potential failure zones.

Opportunity in lost spaces: Exploring the potential of edible landscapes in viaduct underpasses

This paper introduces the concept of edible landscapes to underutilized spaces in viaduct underpasses to explore their untapped potential. Using a case study approach that involves on-site observations, questionnaires, and photographic documentation, this study will document the characteristics of 29 space nodes beneath 18 viaducts and along their routes in Guangzhou’s Tianhe District. It analyzes user behavior and aspirations to activate the underutilized spaces of the viaduct underpass, optimizing their residual space, and enhancing their interactive potential. Furthermore, the paper proposes targeted design strategies for the rejuvenation and sustainable management of these underappreciated urban lost spaces. This study has two primary contributions. Firstly, it enhances the conceptual understanding of the lost spaces located in the viaduct underpass. Secondly, it investigates potential approaches and the benefits of utilizing these spaces for edible landscape development within the urban environment of Tianhe district in Guangzhou city.

Multimodal Hong Kong: Documenting soundscape and smellscape at places of intangible cultural heritage

The sensory cultural heritage creates identity and cohesion in a community. The Multimodal Hong Kong (MMHK) started in January 2023 and aims to build a database of soundscape and smellscape at culturally significant sites. This paper will introduce the project and its objectives, present results from a pilot survey, and describe the development of a field work methodology. Data collection methods include Ambisonics audio, 360 video, and 'smellprints', together with on-site observations based on the Soundscape Indices survey protocol and the Dravnieks-McGinley-Zarzo 'smell atlas'. Currently having data from 20 sites, MMHK aims to reach 100 within the project's duration, as well as conduct outreach such as sensory walks, interviews, and workshops with stakeholders. The overall goal is to produce in-depth knowledge of how information, via multiple sensory modalities, constitute the perceived quality of places, and thence, how an intangible cultural heritage emerges in Hong Kong. This knowledge will enable future research and applications in urban spatial design, experiencescape, and virtual tourism.

Theorizing collective leadership: Lessons from Ekpe, an indigenous African institution

ABSTRACT Significant academic effort has been expended in researching leadership. The essence has been to emphasize individualism, linearity, heroism, hierarchy, teleological thinking, and economic calculus – even when theorizing collective leadership. Yet, little is known about leadership in subaltern cultures in the global south. This study discursively explores collective leadership as practiced within a masculine indigenous African council-type governance institution known as Mgbe or Ekpe, in communities within the coastal regions of Cameroon and Nigeria. Data were generated from 20 in-depth interviews with elders of Ekpe institution, onsite observation in 42 communities, and visual interpretation of recorded imagery. Findings unveil a multi-leader construct and practice of leadership founded on communitarianism, egalitarianism, humility, and pursuit of social equilibrium. Data also reveal a process of collectiveness enacted through the becoming, being and embodying processes of member embeddedness. Collectiveness emerged as a multi-leader process of fluid role substitution and power-sharing. The study proposes a multi-leader framework to actualize collective leadership. This approach challenges the seeming inevitability of a dominant or focal leader as theorized in extant collective leadership scholarship. It further introduces recognition theory in leadership studies and identifies directions for future research.

PERANCANGAN UI/UX PADA APLIKASI WISATA LOMBOK MENGGUNAKAN METODE USER CENTERED DESIGN

This study investigates the application of User-Centered Design (UCD) principles in the design UI/UX for the mobile tourism application, 'Wisata Lombok.' The research aims to demonstrate how UCD can significantly improve user interface (UI) and user experience (UX) in context-specific applications. The methodology employed a multi-phase approach, including user research, persona development, iterative design. Data was collected through interviews with local and tourists, online surveys with Lombok residents, and on-site observations. This information guided the creation of user personas and informed the application's feature set and design decisions. Key findings reveal that incorporating local cultural elements into the UI design enhanced user engagement. The implementation of features like maps and cultural event calendars. Usability testing was carried out using an online questionnaire using the UEQ method. The UEQ contains 26 questions which structured in the form of a semantic differential, where each word consists of two terms expressing opposite meanings. The form was distributed to 35 respondents. All of the 35 respondents, 16 identified as male and 19 as female. The age distribution indicates that 29 respondents are within the 18-35 years old range, while 6 respondents are within the 35-56 years old. The UEQ result shows that the perspicuity and efficiency scale has the highest values, 2.29 and 1.96, falling within the “Excellent” range, indicating that the respondents didn't find any difficulties in operating the user interface. The attractiveness, dependability, and novelty scale fall within the “above average” value, indicating that the user interface was based on respondent needs. The stimulation scale has the least value 0.44 which fall within “bad” value , which means that the respondents was bored cause the user interface only has a few features.

Cultural heritage and modernization: the evolution of Lifen neighborhoods in Wuhan

ABSTRACT The paper probes into the modernization and conservation of Hankou old Lifen which is a typical residential building with high historical value in Wuhan, China. This research emphasizes the range of government and community structures, using analysis on three different modernization models: Xian’an Fang, Changnian Li, and Tongxing Li. This includes qualitative analysis using a mixed method approach; on-site observation with photography to capture the spatial features as well as narratives from residents within these areas; and semi-structured interviews. The findings highlight the importance of conserving Lifen neighborhoods in view of its historical knowledge, cultural legacy and other urban development experience. In the end, maintaining and evolving them can be sustainable only through a hybrid that pairs state support with community involvement. This research provides key insights for policymakers, urban planners and conservationists working to balance heritage preservation with the contemporary needs of cities.