On-screen Display Research Articles

Acceptability of Automated Robotic Clinical Breast Examination: Survey Study

In the United Kingdom, women aged 50 to 70 years are invited to undergo mammography. However, 10% of invasive breast cancers occur in women aged ≤45 years, representing an unmet need for young women. Identifying a suitable screening modality for this population is challenging; mammography is insufficiently sensitive, whereas alternative diagnostic methods are invasive or costly. Robotic clinical breast examination (R-CBE)-using soft robotic technology and machine learning for fully automated clinical breast examination-is a theoretically promising screening modality with early prototypes under development. Understanding the perspectives of potential users and partnering with patients in the design process from the outset is essential for ensuring the patient-centered design and implementation of this technology. This study investigated the attitudes and perspectives of women regarding the use of soft robotics and intelligent systems in breast cancer screening. It aimed to determine whether such technology is theoretically acceptable to potential users and identify aspects of the technology and implementation system that are priorities for patients, allowing these to be integrated into technology design. This study used a mixed methods design. We conducted a 30-minute web-based survey with 155 women in the United Kingdom. The survey comprised an overview of the proposed concept followed by 5 open-ended questions and 17 closed questions. Respondents were recruited through a web-based survey linked to the Cancer Research United Kingdom patient involvement opportunities web page and distributed through research networks' mailing lists. Qualitative data generated via the open-ended questions were analyzed using thematic analysis. Quantitative data were analyzed using 2-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, 1-tailed t tests, and Pearson coefficients. Most respondents (143/155, 92.3%) indicated that they would definitely or probably use R-CBE, with 82.6% (128/155) willing to be examined for up to 15 minutes. The most popular location for R-CBE was at a primary care setting, whereas the most accepted method for receiving the results was an on-screen display (with an option to print information) immediately after the examination. Thematic analysis of free-text responses identified the following 7 themes: women perceive that R-CBE has the potential to address limitations in current screening services; R-CBE may facilitate increased user choice and autonomy; ethical motivations for supporting R-CBE development; accuracy (and users' perceptions of accuracy) is essential; results management with clear communication is a priority for users; device usability is important; and integration with health services is key. There is a high potential for the acceptance of R-CBE in its target user group and a high concordance between user expectations and technological feasibility. Early patient participation in the design process allowed the authors to identify key development priorities for ensuring that this new technology meets the needs of users. Ongoing patient and public involvement at each development stage is essential.

Development of an Automated Design Tool for FEM-Based Characterization of Solid and Hollow Microneedles.

Microneedle design for biomedical applications, such as transdermal drug delivery, vaccination and transdermal biosensing, has lately become a rapidly growing research field. In this sense, finite element analysis has been extendedly used by microneedle designers to determine the most suitable structural parameters for their prototypes, and also to predict their mechanical response and efficiency during the insertion process. Although many proposals include computer-aided tools to build geometrical models for mechanical analysis, there is a lack of software utilities intended to automate the design process encompassing geometrical modeling, simulation setup and postprocessing of results. This work proposes a novel MATLAB-based design tool for microneedle arrays that permits personalized selection of the basic characteristics of a mechanical model. The tool automatically exports the selected options to an ANSYS batch file, including instructions to run a static and a linear buckling analysis. Later, the subsequent simulation results can be retrieved for on-screen display and potential postprocessing. In addition, this work reviews recent proposals (2018-2022) about finite element model characterization of microneedles to establish the minimum set of features that any tool intended for automating a design process should provide.

Smart Face Shield: A Sensor-Based Wearable Face Shield Utilizing Computer Vision Algorithms

The study aims the development of a wearable device to combat the onslaught of covid-19. Likewise, to enhance the regular face shield available in the market. Furthermore, to raise awareness of the health and safety protocols initiated by the government and its affiliates in the enforcement of social distancing with the integration of computer vision algorithms. The wearable device was composed of various hardware and software components such as a transparent polycarbonate face shield, microprocessor, sensors, camera, thin-film transistor on-screen display, jumper wires, power bank, and python programming language. The algorithm incorporated in the study was object detection under computer vision machine learning. The front camera with OpenCV technology determines the distance of a person in front of the user. Utilizing TensorFlow, the target object identifies and detects the image or live feed to get its bounding boxes. The focal length lens requires the determination of the distance from the camera to the target object. To get the focal length, multiply the pixel width by the known distance and divide it by the known width (Rosebrock, 2020). The deployment of unit testing ensures that the parameters are valid in terms of design and specifications.

Evaluating an implementation of the Australian National Guidelines for the On-Screen Display of Discharge Summaries.

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate changes in the inclusion of pertinent information on electronic discharge summaries (eDS) after implementation of a revised template and electronic medical record (EMR) workflow.MethodsA retrospective medical record audit of eDS at three metropolitan hospitals was undertaken for adult inpatient encounters in June 2021 (pre-intervention, n = 100) and June 2022 (post-intervention, n = 100). The eDS were evaluated against 16 components listed in the Australian National Guidelines for the On-Screen Display of Discharge Summaries. Nine components were further broken down to between two and 11 sub-components. Sub-analysis compared a hospital with full EMR to pooled results from hospitals with hybrid EMRs. Components and sub-components were evaluated for inclusion only; accuracy or relevance of the information was not assessed.ResultsInclusion of three out of 16 components (presentation details: 47% vs 62%, problems and diagnosis: 61% vs 86% and recipient details: 82% vs 93%) and eight out of 36 sub-components (discharge destination, principal diagnosis, history of presenting complaint, infection risk, pressure injury, screening and/or diagnosis of delirium and GP phone number and address) was higher in the post-intervention group (all P < 0.05). Reduced eDS information inclusion in the post-intervention group was observed for discharge date and falls risk only (both P < 0.05). Reporting of falls history decreased at the hospital with full EMR (71% vs 20% P < 0.001) but not at hospitals utilising hybrid EMRs (24% vs 30% P = 0.5).ConclusionThe intervention was associated with improved inclusion of pertinent information as described in the Australian National Guidelines for the On-Screen Display of Discharge Summaries.

A Semi-Automatic Wheelchair with Navigation Based on Virtual-Real 2D Grid Maps and EEG Signals

A semi-automatic wheelchair allows disabled people to possibly control in an indoor environment with obstacles and targets. The paper proposes an EEG-based control system for the wheelchair based on a grid map designed to allow disabled people to reach any preset destination. In particular, the grid map is constructed by dividing it into grid cells that may contain free spaces or obstacles. The map with the grid cells is simulated to find the optimal paths to the target positions using a Deep Q-Networks (DQNs) model with the Parametric Rectified Linear Unit (PReLU) activation function, in which a novel algorithm for finding the optimal path planning by converting wheelchair actions is applied using the output parameters of the DQNs. For the wheelchair movement in one real indoor environment corresponding to the virtual 2D grid map, the initial position of the wheelchair will be determined based on natural landmarks and a graphical user interface designed for on-screen display can support disabled people in selecting the desired destination from a list of predefined locations using Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals by blinking eyes. Therefore, one user can easily and safely control the wheelchair using an EEG system to reach the desired target when the wheelchair position and destination are determined in the indoor environment. As a result, a grid map was developed and experiments for the semi-automatic wheelchair control were performed in real indoor environments to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. In addition, the system is a platform to develop different types of controls depending on the types of user disabilities and different environmental maps built.

Portable 5.8ghz FPV system with Smartaudio

The Portable FPV System with Smartaudio is a method used simply to control a radio-controlled vehicle specifically those that use Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) or other type of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) in the driver or Pilot’s view point. Incorporated to the system is a special feature called Smartaudio. Smartaudio is a type of VTX telemetry protocol in which it is a combination of an audio signal and a digital control signal. The two said signals are combined together to one simple audio signal. This signal can be used to control the VTX or Video Transmitter. And it is a simple serial signal. This basically allows the Pilot of the UAV to change settings for video transmitter via the On Screen Display (OSD) menu. So having Smartaudio feature makes things like switching VTX channels, power levels less difficult for Pilots, with no need to push switches or obscure push button menus. When pilots switched over to this system that supports Smartaudio it is seen just how quickly it can change multiple settings using OSD, giving more freedom and accessibility.

Human Factors Evaluation of an Ambient Display for Real-Time Posture Feedback to Sedentary Workers

While multiple previous studies have proposed utilizing an ambient display for providing real-time posture feedback to seated computer workers, it is not well understood how effective ambient feedback is in supporting the users’ dual task of computer work and posture monitoring/rectification. The objective of the current study was to evaluate an ambient display for real-time posture feedback in comparison with typical conditions, an on-screen display and no display condition, in terms of the dual task performance. The ambient and the on-screen display were also compared in terms of perceived detection efficiency and user acceptance measures. A total of 24 participants performed the dual task in each of the three display conditions (the ambient, on-screen and no display conditions). The dependent measures for the dual task performance were the number of typed answers and the occurrence rate of high-risk postures; and, for the subjective evaluation, two detection efficiency measures (visibility and understandability) and four user acceptance measures (performance expectancy, effort expectancy, attitude toward using technology and social influence) were employed. The study demonstrated that both the ambient and the on-screen displays enhanced the dual task performance with respect to the no-display condition and the ambient display was superior to the on-screen display in the subjective experience measures.

A Novel Web Application for Rapidly Searching the Diagnostic Case Archive

Academic pathologists must have the ability to search their institution's archive of diagnostic case data. This ability is foundational for research, education, and other academic activities. However, the built-in search functions of commercial laboratory information systems are not always optimized for this activity, leading to delays between an initial search request, and eventual results delivery. To solve this problem, a novel web-based search platform was developed, named Pathtools, which allows our staff and trainees to directly and rapidly search our diagnostic case archive. Pathtools was built with open-source components and features a web-based user-interface. Pathtools uses an SQL database which was populated with anatomic pathology case data going back to 1980, and contains 4.2 million cases (as of July 31, 2020). Pathtools has two major modes of operation, “Preview Mode” and “Research Mode.” Since deployment in February of 2019, Pathtools carried out 33,817 searches in Preview Mode, averaging 0.72 s (standard deviation = 1.7) between search submission, and on-screen display of search results. In Research Mode, Pathtools has also been used to produce data sets for research activity, providing the data used in many abstracts and manuscripts our investigators submitted recently. Interestingly, 75% of search activity is from trainees during their preview time. In a survey of residents and fellows, 83% used Pathtools during the majority of their preview sessions, demonstrating an important role for this resource in trainee education. In conclusion, a web-based search tool can rapidly and securely provide search capability directly to end-users, which has augmented trainee education and research activity in our department.

Fotogramas y pantallas. La imagen a la luz de la palabra, y vice-versa

In response to the de-materialisation of photography and to the creation of images via algorithms not necessarily printed to be seen, last years have witnessed the emergence of a number of critical artworks seeking to recover a material nature and invoking the physical appearance of objects. This article aims to address some artworks in this line which are self-referenced as they allude either to their own origin, functioning and cultural meaning, either to their similarities to or differences with verbal communication. This article focuses on items made using the photogram technique as well as on some pieces made for on-screen display through which the intangible image becomes visible. Whether the etymological origin of the word “photography” could be recalled in artworks subverting the hybridization brought by the digital era, it would be to think about the written word that appears through the lens of photography. This will guide the comparative analysis between text and image, their correlation, the impossible translation of one into another and tensions between semantical contents and words materialised as images.

The Automation of a CVD-Reactor for the Synthesis of Vertically Oriented Carbon Nanotube Arrays

The functional diagram and the automation system of a CVD-reactor for the synthesis of vertically oriented carbon nanotube arrays on silicon substrates are described. The system is intended predominantly for recording the physical parameters of the CVD-reactor in real time, generating the instructions for the operator on the selected synthesis-process flow, on-screen display of the selected parameters, and management of the automatic protection of the reactor units and assemblies against contingencies or unspecified actions of the operator. The structure of the system for data acquisition, visualization of synthesis variables, and the CVD process control that allows the synthesis of vertically oriented carbon nanotube arrays is presented.

Mobile Service Robot State Revealing Through Expressive Lights: Formalism, Design, and Evaluation

We consider mobile service robots that carry out tasks with, for, and around humans in their environments. Speech combined with on-screen display are common mechanisms for autonomous robots to communicate with humans, but such communication modalities may fail for mobile robots due to spatio-temporal limitations. To enable a better human understanding of the robot given its mobility and autonomous task performance, we introduce the use of lights to reveal the dynamic robot state. We contribute expressive lights as a primary modality for the robot to communicate to humans useful robot state information. Such lights are persistent, non-invasive, and visible at a distance, unlike other existing modalities. Current programmable light arrays provide a very large animation space, which we address by introducing a finite set of parametrized signal shapes while still maintaining the needed animation design flexibility. We present a formalism for light animation control and an architecture to map the representation of robot state to the parametrized light animation space. The mapping generalizes to multiple light strips and even other expression modalities. We demonstrate our approach on CoBot, a mobile multi-floor service robot, and evaluate its validity through several user studies. Our results show that carefully designed expressive lights on a mobile robot help humans better understand robot states and actions and can have a desirable impact on a collaborative human–robot behavior.

Understanding persuasive attributes of sports betting advertisements: A conjoint analysis of selected elements.

Background and aimsDespite recent growth in sports betting advertising, minimal research has examined the influence of different advertising message attributes on betting attitudes and behaviors. This study aimed to identify which attributes of sports betting advertisements most engage attention, interest, desire and likelihood of betting among non-problem, low-risk, moderate-risk, and problem gamblers.MethodsA novel approach utilizing an experimental design incorporating conjoint analysis examined the effects of: three message formats (commentary, on-screen display, and studio crossover); four appeals (neutral, jovial, ease of placing the bet, and sense of urgency); three types of presenters (match presenter, sports betting operator, and attractive non-expert female presenter); and four bet types (traditional, exotic key event, risk-free, and micro-bet). A professional film company using paid actors produced 20 mock television advertisements simulating typical gambling messages based on the conjoint approach. These were embedded into an online survey of 611 Australian adults.ResultsThe most attention-grabbing attributes were type of presenter and type of bet. The attractive non-expert female presenter gained more attention from all gambler groups than other presenters. The type of bet was most persuasive in converting attention into likely betting among all gambler groups, with the risk-free bet being much more persuasive than other bet types. Problem gamblers were distinct by their greater attraction to in-play micro-bets.Discussion and conclusionGiven the potential for incentivized bets offering financial inducements and for in-play micro-bets to undermine harm minimization and consumer protection, regulators and wagering operators should reconsider whether these bet types are consistent with their responsible gambling objectives.

Scaled Anatomical Model Creation of Biomedical Tomographic Imaging Data and Associated Labels for Subsequent Sub-surface Laser Engraving (SSLE) of Glass Crystals.

Biomedical imaging modalities like computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) provide excellent platforms for collecting three-dimensional data sets of patient or specimen anatomy in clinical or preclinical settings. However, the use of a virtual, on-screen display limits the ability of these tomographic images to fully convey the anatomical information embedded within. One solution is to interface a biomedical imaging data set with 3D printing technology to generate a physical replica. Here we detail a complementary method to visualize tomographic imaging data with a hand-held model: Sub Surface Laser Engraving (SSLE) of crystal glass. SSLE offers several unique benefits including: the facile ability to include anatomical labels, as well as a scale bar; streamlined multipart assembly of complex structures in one medium; high resolution in the X, Y, and Z planes; and semi-transparent shells for visualization of internal anatomical substructures. Here we demonstrate the process of SSLE with CT data sets derived from pre-clinical and clinical sources. This protocol will serve as a powerful and inexpensive new tool with which to visualize complex anatomical structures for scientists and students in a number of educational and research settings.

Scaled Anatomical Model Creation of Biomedical Tomographic Imaging Data and Associated Labels for Subsequent Sub-surface Laser Engraving (SSLE) of Glass Crystals

Biomedical imaging modalities like computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) provide excellent platforms for collecting three-dimensional data sets of patient or specimen anatomy in clinical or preclinical settings. However, the use of a virtual, on-screen display limits the ability of these tomographic images to fully convey the anatomical information embedded within. One solution is to interface a biomedical imaging data set with 3D printing technology to generate a physical replica. Here we detail a complementary method to visualize tomographic imaging data with a hand-held model: Sub Surface Laser Engraving (SSLE) of crystal glass. SSLE offers several unique benefits including: the facile ability to include anatomical labels, as well as a scale bar; streamlined multipart assembly of complex structures in one medium; high resolution in the X, Y, and Z planes; and semi-transparent shells for visualization of internal anatomical substructures. Here we demonstrate the process of SSLE with CT data sets derived from pre-clinical and clinical sources. This protocol will serve as a powerful and inexpensive new tool with which to visualize complex anatomical structures for scientists and students in a number of educational and research settings.

Using digital game-based technologies in a system of studying russian as aforeign language in modern university

According to the State Educational Standard of the Russian Federation, the main objectives of teaching Russian as a foreign language are training communication and independent working skills, learning neutral and scientific styles of speech, motivating to study at Russian universities, preparing to pass certification and qualification examinations, adapting to live in Russia, etc. One of the promising trends in teaching foreign languages is the use of educational computer games. By now, digital gamebased technologies for studying Russian as a foreignlanguage have been implemented in a number of desktop and mobile applications, however, they are all intended for teaching Russian language as a discipline, and are not focused on adapting international students who have come to a new language environment. In this article, a learning game is presentedfor studying Russian as a foreign language with immersing a user into a virtual language environment in different life situations. The game includes seven game levels; each level consists of several sections, devoted to a specific real life situation with a set of assignments of increasing complexity for writing or translating some words, phrases or sentences. For each type of assignment a template with empty text fields is used, for importing files with corresponding data and their on-screen display special functions are implemented. Such approach allows to use the same template several times for the same type of assignment or to load different files for filling out the assignment text fields, depending on the number of player’s attempts. The database of tasks, level scripts and graphical content for each section are developed. Each level is matched with a game character, accompanying the player and helping him to complete the assignments. The player can choose a character, andchoose any section of the level. The assignments are stored in a coded format, for uploading files with data matched to certain assignments, special functions are developed allowing to use the same template several times for the same type of tasks or to load different files into the text fields, depending on the number of the player’s attempt. Game code is separated from game content: scripts and levels (including backgrounds and character images) are stored in corresponding files in the game directory. In the current version of the game, the first level has been implemented, including such types of assignments as sorting words by two groups by criteria, substituting the correct preposition and selecting the right ending or declination of the word. The game interface was designed using iterative testing on the target group of international students of Volgograd State Technical University (VSTU). At present, the current version of the game is used in VSTU for training the Russian language skills, preparing for Russian language tests and exams, to improve the conversational vocabulary of international students. The aggregated results of the game application will be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed technology of teaching Russian as a foreign language and to develop the next levels of the game.

Effect of Dravidian vernacular, English and Hindi during onscreen reading text: A physiological, subjective and objective evaluation study

Multilingualism has become an integral part of our present lifestyle. India has twenty two registered official languages with English and Hindi being most widely used for all official activities across the nation. As both these languages are introduced later in life, it was hypothesised that comprehensive reading will be better and faster if the native medium was used. Therefore present study aimed to evaluate the differences in performance while using one of the four Indian Dravidian vernaculars (Tamil, Telugu Kannada and Malayalam) and two non-vernacular (English and Hindi) languages for onscreen reading task. A multi-dimensional approach including physiological (Eye movement recording), subjective (Language Experience And Proficiency Questionnaire, LEAP-Q, Legibility rating) and Objective (Reading time and Word processing rate) measurements were used to quantify the effects. Forty-four Indian infantry soldiers from each of the Dravidian language groups participated in the study. Volunteers read aloud two simple story passages onscreen in their respective vernacular and non-vernacular languages using both time bound and self-paced reading mode. Reading time was lower and word processing rate was higher respectively in case of vernacular than non-vernacular. Consideration of fixation count in both the modes of reading indicated better performance with vernaculars. Legibility score was better in Dravidian languages than others. Results indicated that reading text was faster in vernacular media followed by English and Hindi. Use of vernaculars in onscreen text display of high density workstation may therefore be recommended for easier and faster comprehension

The Effects of Font Type and Spacing of Text for Online Readability and Performance

Texts are a group of letters which are printed or displayed in a particular style and size. In the course of the fast speed of technological development everywhere and expanding use of computer based instruction such as online courses, students spend more time on a computer screen than printed media. Texts have been the main element to convey messages. It has also been a significant component for learning. The main goal of this research is to measure the effects of font type and spacing of on screen text and its readability in improving and boosting the learner’s ability to read easily, recall information, and enhance their reading speed and comprehension from on screen text with different topics. The readability of text on screens is necessary to ensure effective engagement in order to enhance the level of students’ readability. For this purpose two font types were selected, Times New Roman (serif) and Verdana (san serif) for the respondents. Verdana was designed only for computer screens display. Readability test on a computer screen was conducted on 30 postgraduate students. Overall, the results showed that there was a significant difference between the readability of serif and san serif font type of on-screen display. The research findings suggest Verdana font type as a better choice in displaying long text for on-screen display.

Automatic on-screen-display verification system based on Gabor features and BP neural network

To deal with low efficiency and long-time consumption in verifying OSD(On-Screen-Display) of video devices,this paper devised an automatic OSD verification system.The system consisted of three parts.OSD area location was achieved by synthesizing statistical characteristics.Single character was then segmented based on improved Otsu algorithm.Finally,Gabor features and improved BP neural network were used to recognize these characters.The experimental results show that this system costs average 53 ms per recognition of one frame with a recognition rate at 92.7%.

Laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery: panacea, placebo or just good fun?

The timely collision of technological development of miniature video cameras, on-screen display and surgical opportunities led to the emergence of minimally invasive surgery, which has been met with open arms by surgeons and patients alike. Ever since the first laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 1987, the surgical world has been fascinated with broadening the potential indications for laparoscopic surgery. In the early 1990s, laparoscopic colorectal surgery was an emerging technique with unproven outcomes. Case reports documenting port site tumor recurrence raised concerns in the medical community, questioning the oncological outcomes and potential sacrifices that were being made in order to perform the resection in a minimally invasive manner. The initially steep learning curve and evolving technology meant longer operating times and higher costs compared with open surgery, with perhaps minimal gains in terms of length of stay, opiate use and return of bowel function. Early adapters looked for the potential advantages of laparoscopic surgery and continued to refine techniques, thus reducing operat ing times and subsequent associated costs. However, issues still remain as surgeons moved from ‘what can we do?’ to ‘what should we do?’; the question arose as to whether laparoscopic colectomy could achieve an oncologically sound resection with an equivalent extent of dissection and lymph node yield without creating new patterns of disease recurrence. It has taken almost 20 years from the initial trial designs to publication of the longterm results to clarify this. There are four landmark trials that have helped map the path forward. Interestingly, none of these trials were designed to determine whether or not laparoscopic surgery was superior to open surgery.

30.3: Comparison of On‐Screen Display‐based and ICC Profile‐based Calibration for OLED Displays

AbstractThe tone reproduction curves of an OLED display were measured and modeled as a function of three on‐screen display (OSD) settings. The optimal OSD settings, derived from the model, outperformed two ICC profile‐based color calibration kits by reducing the calibration errors from 2.89% to 0.25% and the quantization errors from 9.28% to 0%.