On-demand Distance Research Articles

A Cross-layer Method for Identifying and Isolating the Blackhole Nodes in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks

ABSTRACT Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is a set of intelligent vehicles that communicate without a fixed infrastructure. The communication between each source/destination pair is done by using routing protocols. On-demand multipath distance vector (AOMDV) is one of the most known ad-hoc multipath routing protocols used in VANETs. The decentralized nature of VANET makes this type of network vulnerable to various attacks, such as blackhole attack. In such attack, the malicious vehicle aims to make the communication unavailable. To achieve this goal, the malicious vehicle persuades the source to send its data packets through it because it has the fresher route toward the destination. This is done by forging routing information. After receiving the data packets, the malicious vehicle deletes them instead of forwarding them to their intended destinations. This paper introduces a new Cross-Layer method (CRAOMDV) where information is shared between MAC and network layers to detect and ignore the malicious vehicles in VANETs. Our experiments used the simulator NS2 and SUMO for the generation and simulation of real mobility scenarios. The evaluation results demonstrate the efficiency of CRAOMDV compared to AOMDV under blackhole attack in terms of improving the packet delivery and reducing the average end-to-delay and the routing overhead.

On-demand Type Distance Learning in the Class of Computer Programming

On-demand Type Distance Learning in the Class of Computer Programming

On-demand Type Distance Learning in the Class of Design Engineering

On-demand Type Distance Learning in the Class of Design Engineering

Enhancing multipath routing using an efficient multicriteria sorting technique

Saving energy in MANET represents a critical issue due to its material architecture. This paper aims to improve ad-hoc on-demand multipath distance vector routing (AOMDV) using multicriteria analysis method. In order to construct effective disjoints paths, our approach focuses on sorting the different available paths considering several important criteria. Our objective is improving the network performances and routing stability using an efficient multicriteria method called Electre Tri. The use of this technique enhances data reach ability and minimises the required delay during packets forwarding. The proposed approach is evaluated comparatively to well known routing protocols considering various metrics. Simulation results prove that our approach improves significantly the network lifetime and the transmission delay.

Progressive AODV: A Routing Algorithm Intended for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

Mobile ad hoc networks are an independent wireless network that is built without permanent infrastructure and base station support. Each node in the network uses a wireless connection for connections and acts not only as an end system but also as a path to accelerating packets. Meanwhile, the network nodes are mobile and can move in each path with changing steps, creating a great dynamic of the network. Therefore, the protocols set for general ad hoc networks are inappropriate for such a situation. In addition, the performance of ad hoc routing protocols decreases with increasing network size. In this context, suggest a new way to extend the recital of routing in MANETs: the on-demand Progressive Distance Vector (PAODV). It is a modified variant of the standard AODV routing protocol, which shrinks the dynamic path when an optimal path exists and switches the traffic to it. Simulation studies with NS2 show that the proposed method improves network performance as network size, weight, or flexibility increase.

A novel optimal path selection strategy in MANET using energy awareness

Today, most ad hoc mobile devices operate on batteries. To maximise the lifetime of mobile networks, the power consumption rate of each node must be evenly distributed, and the overall transmission power for each connection request must be minimised. But many proposed routing protocols do not consider energy as an important factor for selecting routes. This causes earliest exhaustion of nodes and network in trouble. Here, a new approach for path selection strategy is introduced by using energy factor is known as energy aware ad-hoc on-demand multipath distance vector (EA-AOMDV) routing protocol. The proposed scheme attempts to solve the above-mentioned problems in the way of selecting energy aware nodes on the path. During the route selection process, the node is considered only when the node is having above the minimum energy threshold value. The proposed model is tested with the NS2 simulator and the result we obtained is significant.

A study on mobile ad-hoc network for reliable multimedia streaming services

With innovative developments made in the research of wireless communication network technologies, many different types of cutting-edge wireless systems are being developed and used today. This paper focuses on the development of a MANET(Mobile Ad-hoc network) scheme intended to be used for delivery of wireless multimedia streaming services. MANET don’t use a fixed infrastructure network but mobile devices form the network themselves autonomously. But owing to un-stability in the state of the wireless channel formed in this way, there will be frequent transmission delays and data losses. In ordinary routing schemes available for data transmission, the greater the amount of data transmitted by the devices, the more severe the quality degradation. Therefore, these schemes are not suitable for streaming multimedia data. This paper suggests a stable protocol that takes into account mobility of nodes, in order to provide an efficient scheme for streaming video content in a MANET. The suggested protocol handles movements of nodes particularly well compared to the existing MP-AOMDV(Mobility Prediction Ad-hoc on-demand Multipath Distance Vector) scheme. The test results show the performance of the suggested protocol. In a large network, it has a short response time and a high transmission success rate. Use of the suggested protocol increases the reliability of the transmission paths, thereby resulting in more organic or flexible handling of changes to the network topology. Furthermore, multimedia streaming services can be delivered more stably compared to when existing systems or schemes are used.

Energy Efficient Multipath Routing for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Energy consumption is a significant issue in ad hoc networks since mobile nodes are battery powered. In order to prolong the lifetime of ad hoc networks, it is the most critical issue to minimize the energy consumption of nodes. In this paper, we propose an energy efficient multipath routing protocol for choosing energy efficient path. This system also considers transmission power of nodes and residual energy as energy metrics in order to maximize the network lifetime and to reduce energy consumption of mobile nodes. The objective of our proposed system is to find an optimal route based on two energy metrics while choosing a route to transfer data packets. This system is implemented by using NS-2.34. Simulation results show that the proposed routing protocol with transmission power and residual energy control mode can extend the life-span of network and can achieve higher performance when compared to traditional ad-hoc on-demand multipath distance vector (AOMDV) routing protocol.