Omdurman Islamic University Research Articles

Prevalence of Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Associated Risk Factors Among Medical Students in Sudan: A Cross-Sectional Study at Omdurman Islamic University

Background: Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a mental illness that significantly affects various domains of daily functioning. Limited research has been conducted on GAD among medical students in Sudan, particularly during the socio-political and economic crises. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of GAD, identify risk factors, and evaluate its impact on academic performance and daily activities among Sudanese medical students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate medical students at Omdurman Islamic University. Data were collected using a self-administered online questionnaire via Google Forms, consisting of two parts: socio-demographic information and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7), a validated tool for screening and measuring the severity of GAD. Results: A total of 374 medical students participated, with 64.7% being female. The GAD-7 scores were high (above 9), suggesting GAD among 33.7% of participants, with severity levels of 41.2% for mild anxiety, 21.4% for moderate anxiety, and 12.3% for severe anxiety. Comparison of means showed significant associations between GAD and female students (p<0.001) and students with chronic diseases (p=0.034). GAD significantly impacted daily activities (p<0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis found that students in the final year had significantly higher GAD-7 scores (Adjusted Odds Ratio=4.25, 95% Confidence Interval=1.27-14.22). Conclusions: The higher scores on the GAD-7 measure among Sudanese medical students are concerning. This emphasizes the urgent need to raise awareness, normalize mental health discussions, and provide accessible counseling services tailored to the students' needs.

Mental Health Challenges: Anxiety Among Medical Students - A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study

BACKGROUND: Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is characterized by consistent and excessive worry, significantly impacting daily functioning and academic performance. Medical students encounter various challenges during their academic years and clinical rotations that put them at a higher risk of developing anxiety. In addition, Sudan is currently experiencing a complex social and political environment characterized by political unrest and economic crises. These factors may further increase medical students' risk of developing GAD. Unfortunately, limited research has been conducted on GAD among medical students in Sudan. This study aimed to determine GAD prevalence, assess risk factors, and examine its impact on academic achievement and daily activities among Sudanese medical students. METHODS: A cross-sectional analytical study was done among undergraduate medical students at Omdurman Islamic University in Sudan from January to February 2023. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select 374 participants. Data were collected via an electronic self-administered questionnaire comprising two parts: sociodemographic information and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7), a validated tool for screening and assessing GAD severity. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and multivariate regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Effect sizes were measured using Cohen's d and eta-squared. The cut-off p-value for statistical significance was set at < 0.05. RESULTS: The prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) was 33.7%, with severity levels of 41.2% for mild anxiety, 21.4% for moderate anxiety, and 12.3% for severe anxiety. The mean GAD score was significantly higher among female medical students (p < 0.001) and those with chronic diseases (p = 0.034). GAD significantly impacted daily activities among those who reported higher GAD scores (p < 0.001). In multivariate regression analysis, medical students in the final year had almost 4.246 higher odds of having GAD [95% CI for AOR = 1.267, 14.221] (p = 0.019). Females had 2.4 times higher odds of having GAD [95% CI for AOR = 1.458, 3.946] (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) among Sudanese medical students is relatively high and has a detrimental impact on daily activities. Medical students in the final year have a higher risk of GAD, and significant associations were found between GAD and female sex, as well as chronic diseases. The high prevalence of GAD among medical students is concerning and highlights the urgent need for increased awareness, normalizing discussions about mental health issues, and providing resources and support to students struggling with anxiety. Universities should identify and offer medical students effective anxiety relief techniques and promote a wellness culture that encourages healthy routines such as regular exercise, sufficient rest, and effective stress management. Future research should evaluate the effectiveness of different interventions in preventing and treating GAD among medical students and identify and address the barriers to accessing mental health care for medical students in Sudan.

Cover, Content, and Editorial Note from Borneo J Pharm Vol. 6 No. 4 November 2023

Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
 Alhamdulillahirabbil ‘alamin. The next edition of Borneo Journal of Pharmacy (Borneo J Pharm) has been published in November 2023. This edition contains ten articles: Analytical Pharmacy-Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology-Toxicology, Pharmaceutical, Natural Product Development, Clinical-Community Pharmacy, and Management Pharmacy. This edition includes writings from four countries: Costa Rica, India, Indonesia, and Sudan. The authors come from several institutions, including Universitas Airlangga, Matoshri College of Pharmacy, Universitas Pancasila, Universitas Indonesia, Universitas Borneo Lestari, Universitas Surabaya, Akademi Farmasi Yarsi Pontianak, Universidad de Costa Rica, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Universitas Padjadjaran, Omdurman Islamic University, and Universitas Sebelas Maret.
 Editorial boards are fully aware that there is still room for improvement in this edition, hence with all humility willing to accept constructive suggestions and feedback for improvements to the publication for the next editions. The editorial board would like to thank all editors and reviewers, and contributors of the scientific articles who have provided the repertoire in this issue. We hope all parties, especially the contributors, could re-participate for publication in the next edition in February 2024.
 Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.

Organizational Support as an Approach to Achieve the Quality of Professional Performance of Faculty Members at Omdurman Islamic University

Universities work to create an environment characterized by sustainability and effectiveness in the learning process, which depends on harmonization between staff members of the teaching staff and their role in achieving the goals of the learning process, depending on a set of mechanisms that contribute to achieving its goals, and organizational support is one of the most important university buildings through which it can verify the process and its quality and benefit from its outputs. The current research aims to determine the relationship between organizational support and the quality of professional performance of faculty members at Omdurman Islamic University through application to four colleges based on the sample social survey method, for a sample of faculty members working in colleges (College of Arts, College of Information, College of Pharmacy, and College of Engineering Sciences). The application was administered to a total of 277 faculty members at Omdurman University, and the study concluded that there is a direct relationship between organizational support and the quality of professional performance of faculty members at Omdurman Islamic University.

Awareness of Final-Year Medical Students of Omdurman Islamic University on Their Career Choices

Background: Medical students undergo a complex process as a student to make a career decision and pursue further specialization. This study explores the factors that influence the career choices of the two genders studying in the final year of medicine at Omdurman Islamic University.Methods: This institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 194 male and female fifth-year medical students studying at Omdurman Islamic University. The questionnaire contains 15 multiple-choice questions to determine the factors affecting students’ career choices – lifestyle, income, family impact,…etc. – and the association between gender and the specialties they choose to pursue.Results: The specialties were preferred in the following order: surgery by 22.9%, internal medicine by 18.3%, obstetric gynecology by 13.8%, and pediatric by 10% (limited to the four major specialties). The least chosen specialties were histopathology, emergency medicine, psychiatry, and anesthesia (all were 0.9%). Family medicine and forensics were not chosen by any participant. Females significantly preferred dermatology, obstetrics and gynecology, otolaryngology, and pediatrics compared to their male counterparts. Whereas, males compared to females significantly preferred orthopedics and surgery. The factors influencing change in students’ specialties based on their gender were family views and family obligations. Nearly 80% of students choose a career based on personal interest; lifestyle and financial reward were also seen to play an important role in choosing a specialty. About 91% of participants agreed that there is a need for guidance. A great proportion of final-year students (62%) preferred to specialize abroad and related it to a good lifestyle and financial stability.Conclusion: This study showed that the students’ awareness about specialty choices was limited to certain specialties as seen in the literature. The most preferred specialties were surgery (22.9%), internal medicine (18.3%), obstetrics and gynecology (13.8%), and pediatric (10%). There are many factors influencing the selection of specialties, however, the most common one is personal interest followed by lifestyle issues and financial reward. Additionally, there is a significant gender difference in career-choice decisions.

Using the methodological rules of the questionnaire in public relations researches

The study aims to diagnose the reality of using the questionnaire in public relations research, and to clarify the mistakes that researchers commit when using questionnaire, as the wrong usage leads to wrong conclusions that cannot be generalized or relied upon. The researcher used the content analysis and statistical method, where a stratified sample of master's and doctoral theses were selected at Omdurman Islamic university, department of public relations and advertising.
 Based on the forgoing, the problem of the study is represented in (what is the real extent of the researcher's knowledge regarding the scientific base which the questionnaire built upon?).The findings of the study have proven that public relations researchers selected a sample to measure the validity of the tool depended on the validity of the arbitrators , they did not care enough about the validity of the concept , the validity of the factor , the validity of the set criterion and the correlative and productive validity. They also depended on the increasing number of options to measure the reliability of the questionnaire. Cornbrash's Alpha was adopted to measure the general validity, in measuring the validity of the content they depended on the arbitrator's agreement on the set paragraphs. The researchers did not care about the order of the questionnaire design steps, while they paid attention to the pre-test of the questionnaire.

The Impact of Modified Team-Based Learning on the Learning of Students in an Orthopaedic Course

Background: This paper presents the results of a modified team-based learning (MTBL) in the Orthopaedic Department of the Omdurman Islamic University. It is a modification of the team-based learning (TBL) developed by Dr. Larry K. Michaelson, who explored the benefit of small group learning within large classes. TBL differs from other forms of small group work, which involves developing and using learning teams in large settings as an instructional strategy. Objectives: The main difference between conventional TBL and MTBL is that students learn in small groups in a single large class with a single facilitator in conventional TBL. In contrast, in MTBL, students learn in separate small classes with different facilitators. In this study, we investigated the impact of MTBL on the learning of students in an orthopaedic course. Students’ satisfaction and grades, following the MTBL for an orthopaedic class, were analyzed and compared to another batch of students in a conventional lecture learning strategy. The two batches were taught by the same faculty members. Methods: The MTBL was implemented as a teaching method in orthopaedics and traumatology course in 2020. A total of 282 students were surveyed for their satisfaction with this new pedagogical approach, and 153 students responded to the questionnaire. We adopted a self-administered questionnaire answering on a five-option Likert scale. The five options represented the levels of agreement. At the end of the course, students’ exam scores were compared to the results of their previous batch, in which teaching was carried out utilizing conventional lectures only (a total of 128 students). Results: The results showed that the majority of the students involved in the study (66.5%) were satisfied with the MTBL. The students thought that it increases the long retention of knowledge and should be used more frequently in the curriculum, and they recommend it to other students. The analysis of the examination results using the Chi-square test revealed a significant difference between the results of the students who studied the course in the form of MTBL and those who studied the course in the form of a traditional lecture with a clear improvement in the results following MTBL orthopaedic course (P-value = 0.0000). Conclusions: We, therefore, conclude that the MTBL where students are divided into separate small groups with different instructors improves the performance and the grades of the students in the exam. It also reveals that the students feel satisfied with the learning technique. We recommend it be more frequently used in the curriculum.

Stress among Undergraduate Nursing Students at Governmental Nursing Faculties in Sudan

Introduction: Stress among undergraduate nursing students is an increasingly important issue. Maladaptiveresponses can lead to serious health problems, such as anxiety, depression, and other mental health disorders.The aim of this study was to assess stress among undergraduate nursing students.Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional institution-based design with a sample size of 285undergraduate nursing students from Omdurman Islamic University and Al Neelain University. The PerceivedStress Scale (PSS) was used to collect data.Results: The majority of students (29%) reported environment as the leading cause of stress and had moderatelevel of stress. Second- and Fourth-year students had higher stress level compared to the First- and Third-yearstudents.Conclusion:This study concluded that environment-related pressures were the major cause of stress amongundergraduate nursing students. It is recommended that academic counseling be established and maintained,and an orientation program provided to reduce stress. Tele learning and E-learning should also be initiated andmaintained to reduce environmental stress.

Effect of Sowing Date and Plant Spacing on Yield and Yield Components of Dry Field Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Under Normal Irrigation at Dry lands. South Omdurman Region, Sudan

A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive winter seasons (2015/2016 and 2016/2017) at the Demonstration Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture – Omdurman Islamic University (Fetahab), to study effect of sowing date and plant spacing on yield and yield components of Dry Field Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) at South Omdurman Region. Three sowing dates were investigated (3rd wk of October, 1st and 14th November). Also three plant spacing were used (10, 15 and 20cm) between plants. The treatments of two factors arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Yield and yield components studied were days to start and to 50% flowering, number of pods/ plant, number of seeds per pod, 100-seed weight, seed yield per plant and seed yield per unit area. Results showed that, days to start and to 50% flowering were significantly reduced for November sowing date (beginning and mid-November) compared with October sowing date for both seasons. Also these sowing dates reported a significantly higher mean of number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and seed yield per plant in the first season. On the other hand, plant spacing did not significantly affect for any yield components attribute; however, the wide space (20 and 15cm) achieved the higher values for these parameters than the narrow one. Also, it was observed that, the interaction between sowing date and plant spacing did not significantly affect neither growth attribute nor yield and yield components for both seasons. However, number of branches per plant during 12th wk of the 2nd season was affected by this interaction.

Effect of Time of Nitrogen Application on Growth and Yield Components of Safflower

One of the main problems of safflower cultivation in Sudan is the lack of information dealing with its production, mainly cultural practices. The present work was carried out, to investigate the effect of time of nitrogen application (TNA) on growth and yield of safflower under irrigation conditions of South Omdurman region, Sudan. The study was conducted in two consecutive winter seasons (2009/2010 and 2010/2011) at the Demonstration Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture – Omdurman Islamic University, Alfitaihab, Sudan. Four TNA were used, namely, at sowing (T1), and then after 15, 30 and 45 days from sowing (denoted as T2, T3 and T4, respectively). The time of nitrogen application was randomly assigned in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The growth parameters studied include: plant height, number of leaves/plant, plant fresh and dry weight. The first three parameters were taken 8 weeks after sowing. Yield and yield components studied were: days to start and to 50% flowering, disc weight/plant, number of seeds/plant, 100-seed weight, seed weight /disc, seed weight /plant and seed yield/unit area. The findings of the study indicated that, TNA significantly affected number of leaves/plant and plant fresh weight during 2010, whereas plant height, plant dry weight and days to start and to 50% flowering were not significantly affected by time of N application. Application of N 45 days from sowing (T4) resulted in a significantly lower number of leaves/plant as compared to T1, T2 and T3 treatments. On the other hand, both T1 and T4 during the 1st season gave significantly higher plant fresh weight than T2 and T3.

الالتزام التنظيمي لدى اعضاء هيئة التدريس بكلية التربية بجامعة أم درمان الاسلامية وعلاقته بادارة المعرفة من وجهة نظر منسوبو الكلية

The study aimed to know the reality of the organizational commitment of the faculty members at the Faculty of Education at Omdurman Islamic University and its relationship to knowledge management from the viewpoint of the faculty members, where it was The researcher used the descriptive approach, and the study population was among the employees of the Faculty of Education, Omdurman Islamic University, of the faculty members who numbered (65) and the administrators who numbered (13), according to the statement of the faculty concerned in July 2018. A representative sample of 50 individuals was randomized from the community randomly. The questionnaire was used as a main tool for the study. In data analysis and access to results, the statistical program (SPSS) was used .
 The most important findings of the study: The degree of organizational commitment among the faculty members of the Faculty of Education at Omdurman Islamic University from the viewpoint of the faculty members is very high, and the level of application of knowledge management among the faculty members of the Faculty of Education at Omdurman Islamic University is at a high level. The study came out with recommendations, including: Maintaining the high degree of organizational commitment shown by the results of this study to faculty members, by increasing moral and material support and continuing encouragement for those who demonstrate excellence in organizational commitment. And that the college administration employ these high levels of knowledge management of the faculty members fully. In the framework of developing and improving the teaching and learning processes in the college, it serves students and beneficiaries of the college services .

تطبيق الإدارة الإلكترونية في تحقيق أهداف التعليم بمؤسسات التعليم العالي وفق معايير الجودة الشاملة

The researchers aimed to activate the electronic administration in achieving the goals of education in higher education institutions according to the comprehensive quality standards. The researchers used the descriptive analytical approach because it suits the nature of the research. The researchers also relied on the questionnaire as a basic tool for data collection. higher education in the state of Khartoum; The research sample consisted of a group of faculty members at Omdurman Islamic University and Al-Zaeem Al-Azhari University, whose number is (202) faculty members, and the data was collected, analyzed and processed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program. ; Weak requirements for applying electronic management in higher education institutions in accordance with comprehensive quality standards, that electronic management in higher education institutions contributes to achieving quality. There are obstacles to applying electronic management in higher education institutions; accordingly, the researchers recommend, applying electronic management in higher education institutions, to adopting the proposed scenario in the study by higher education and to determine its results, and the need to prepare effective plans for training and qualifying employees of higher education institutions on electronic management skills.
 The researchers aimed to activate the electronic administration in achieving the goals of education in higher education institutions according to the comprehensive quality standards. The researchers used the descriptive analytical approach because it suits the nature of the research. The researchers also relied on the questionnaire as a basic tool for data collection. higher education in the state of Khartoum; The research sample consisted of a group of faculty members at Omdurman Islamic University and Al-Zaeem Al-Azhari University, whose number is (202) faculty members, and the data was collected, analyzed and processed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program. ; Weak requirements for applying electronic management in higher education institutions in accordance with comprehensive quality standards, that electronic management in higher education institutions contributes to achieving quality. There are obstacles to applying electronic management in higher education institutions; accordingly, the researchers recommend, applying electronic management in higher education institutions, to adopting the proposed scenario in the study by higher education and to determine its results, and the need to prepare effective plans for training and qualifying employees of higher education institutions on electronic management skills.

A Comparative Questionnaire-based Study on Learning Styles and Studying Resources among Undergraduate Medical Students in Public and Private Universities

Background: Learning styles are circumstances beneath which learners most expeditiously and successfully understand, process, store, and recall what they are attempting to learn. The main goal of the current study was to compare different methods of study and learning style predilections amongst undergraduate MBBS students who attend public and private universities.
 Methods: The current study was a descriptive cross-sectional research. Data collected were obtained through a questionnaire filled by second- and third-year students in Omdurman Islamic University - OIU (public) and University of Medical Sciences and Technology – UMST (private) using systematic random sampling. Using the SPSS version 23 software, the data were analyzed and Chi-square test was used to test the significance considering the α (alpha) level of significance as 0.05.
 Results: The application of the Chi-square test showed that there is no relation between the a method of study used and the students’ grades (P = 0.333). The most preferred learning style in OIU was found to be Aural (60.0%), while in UMST it was read/write (57.9%). The most preferred source of studying used in OIU was found to be extracourses (private courses given outside the university), whereas in UMST it was found to be the teachers’ slides.
 Conclusion: The most preferred learning style for public university was found to be aural while for private university it was found to read/write. This factor must be taken into consideration while teaching sessions are being conducted. Interestingly, there was no statistical association between the study methodology and students’ grades.

The Trend of gossips and rumors among men and women at Omdurman Islamic University: A meta-analysis of factors associated with their spreading

It is well-established fact that both gossips and rumors are considered as the most powerful psychological weapons that are used to destroy others, morality. In this study, the researcher attempts to investigate the trend of gossips and rumors among men and women in Sudan, and analyze factors (predictors) of their spreading. To achieve that aim, a meta-analysis and quantitative research methodology was adopted. Instrument of data collection included a Chinese scale for measuring attitudes towards gossips and rumors, designed by Jordan, A.L.(2009), it was adapted and translated into Arabic to fit the Sudanese society. Participants were drew purposively from Omdurman Islamic University(OIU), comprising(300): 149 men, and 151 women. The data was analyzed via (SPSS),employing the following statistical tests to verify the research’s hypotheses: One-sample T-test, two-independent sample T-test, Chi-square test, and multiple regression analysis. The results indicate that the participants,(men and women) trend towards gossips and rumors is positive. There is a significant relationship(.000) between gender(men &women) and trend towards gossips and rumors. There is significant statistical difference in trend towards gossips and rumors according to gender(men-women), in favor of men. Factors(Predictors) such as age, education, job, and marital status. are not significant predictors for gossips and rumors spreading among the participants, however, specialization(sciences-humanities) is significant predictor. The study was concluded by recommendations and suggestions for future researches.

الجامعات الحكومية و الأهلية و أثرها على مستوى الرضا الوظيفي لأعضاء هيئة التدريس : دراسة ميدانية

الجامعات الحكومية و الأهلية و أثرها على مستوى الرضا الوظيفي لأعضاء هيئة التدريس : دراسة ميدانية
 This research aims at studying the governmental and private universities and their effect on job sat.iact.on lor members of the academic staff and to find out the elements which fulfil this job satifaction for the members of the academic staff of both govemmetnal and private Universities.
 The population of study is formed of the members ot the teaching staff in the faculty management scienes in Omdurman Islamic university and the faculty of econmics and business administration in Omdurman private university.
 This study includes 75 individuals.
 The researcher has designed a questionnaire which is distributed to random samble consisting of 49 iendivtduals.
 The reseacher used 7.
 test to prove the presence ot difference between degrees of job satisfaion of the academic staff in both govenmental and private universities.
 It shows that the level of satisfacion in privte universities is highei than that of governmental universities, The study implied explanation to the findings of study.
 The study is concluded by the most important recommendations

دور منهاج الخدمة الاجتماعية في الإعداد المهني للأخصائي الاجتماعي : دراسة تطبيقية على خريجات قسم الخدمة الاجتماعية بجامعة أم درمان الإسلامية للعام 2001-2002 م

دور منهاج الخدمة الاجتماعية في الإعداد المهني للأخصائي الاجتماعي : دراسة تطبيقية على خريجات قسم الخدمة الاجتماعية بجامعة أم درمان الإسلامية للعام 2001-2002 م
 The main concern of this study was either to prove or reject the research’s hypothesis which ywas to find out whether the curriculum applied at the Department of Social Work, Omdurman Islamic University, has a direct cotribution in the preparation of ftifriale students to act as social workers in the future.
 The researcher used the empirical method together! with the case study and applied the curriculum on 1st year students of SocialWork Department .However,it was the first group to graduate at this Department.
 Since being interviewed for the first time on joining university, the students were under focus and various changes were noted as the students pass from one year to another.
 The students’ course of study during the four years was as follows:- 1 -1998-1999 students were at the first year.
 2-1999-2000 students were at the second year.
 3- 2000-2001 student were at the third year.
 4- 2001-2002 students were at the fourth year.; Each year students became more enthusiastic and satisfiecj to pursue their studies in this field.Thus,fourth year students had the opportunity to act the role of social workers at Alkirayab village.
 Significantly, the hypothesis was proved to be true.The curriculum applied at Social Work Department has a direct contribution j in preparing the students to act as social workers

Five decades lead in biomedical research: University of Khartoum tops Sudanese universities in PubMed articles

Introduction: University of Khartoum (U of K) is the largest and oldest university in Sudan (1). The recent rankings of international and local universities made by Webometrics Ranking of world Universities initiative in 2017 have placed University of Khartoum as number one University in Sudan and 1970 in rank Worldwide. This ranking system is based mainly on research activity and publications. Using PubMed we obtained data on all PubMed-indexed articles (from 1966 to 2016) affiliated to the four oldest and most established Sudanese universities: University of Khartoum, University of Gezira, Omdurman Islamic University, and Al-Neelain University. Methods: Using R Statistical environment, we compiled a unified dataset from multiple resources including PubMed data and impact factor data. This unified dataset was then used to calculate multiple article and authorship metrics including total number of articles and annual averages. We also applied text mining techniques to from indexed abstracts in order to explore the prevailing trends and research focus of some the most prolific authors and to visualize this trends though word clouds. Results: Since the earliest date of PubMed indexing in 1966, the University of Khartoum is by far the most affiliated Sudanese university in PubMed. Approaching 300 articles in 2016, the number of PubMed indexed articles has shown a promising rising trend over the past decade. Our results clearly indicate lead of University of Khartoum in published biomedical research. This trend is promising and shows the attention shift towards research activities among the major Sudanese universities in general and University of Khartoum in particular.

Attitudes of Lecturers and Students of Sriwijaya University-Indonesia and Omdurman Islamic University- Sudan to On-Line Learning in the Pandemic Covid-19

This study aims to determine the response of Sriwijaya University students and Omdurman Islamic University students to the online learning process during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research is a descriptive research with survey method. The learnings carried out by lecturers and students during the Covid 19 Pandemic had previously attended training on the use of the application e-learning Sriwijaya University. This study aims to determine the response of Sriwijaya University students and Omdurman Islamic University students to the online learning process during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research is a descriptive research with survey method. The learnings carried out by lecturers and students during the Covid 19 Pandemic had previously attended training on the use of the application e-learning Sriwijaya University. Learning is also carried out asynchronously and synchronously, with the application Zoom (97%), Whatsapp (64.3%), and Google meet (31%). The general assessment is that lecturers conduct assessments using an online exam system through E-learning (99.1%), by means of lecturers sending assignments to be done by students, or using Google Forms (34.4%), and e-mail (20.1 %). Assessment of students is carried out using an online exam system through E-learning (99.1%), students send assignments to be done by students, or use Google Forms (34.4%), and e-mail (20.1%). students, or using Google Forms (34.4%), and e-mail (20.1%). Criticisms and suggestions for online learning techniques, lecturers should be more active in making various interesting learning strategies, so as not to get bored. Use e-learning more actively to save quota. For the system should e-learning Sriwijaya University better. It turns out that some students want online learning to be maintained, even though the pandemic is over.

بناء قدرات هيئة التدريس بالتعليم العالي : دراسة حالة جامعة أم درمان الإسلامية

بناء قدرات هيئة التدريس بالتعليم العالي : دراسة حالة جامعة أم درمان الإسلامية
 The paper aims at shedding some lights on the concepts and methodologies which are relevant in building the capacities of the teaching staff, through studying and analyzing the efforts of the higher education institutions in Sudan taking Omdurman Islamic University as a case study.
 This paper takes in account so many indicators related to the capacity building of the teaching staff, as well as the improvement of the curriculums, method of assessment, scientific research and community service .The capacity building of the teaching staff in the higher education starts in the Sudan before more than three decades, through arranging intensive training programs to improve the performance of the new - coming teaching staff.
 These training programs were further developed and became a well- arranged, systematic and well organized programs, supervised by what is called the centers of the teaching staff capacity building.
 Omdurman Islamic University has established two of these centers which are as follows: 1.
 The teaching staff capacity building centre.
 2.
 Education developing Centre.
 The first Centre concentrates on the faculties of the social sciences, while the second Centre focuses on the faculties of the applied sciences.
 The paper follows the analytical and deductive methodologies which may enable the researcher to conclude by some valuable results and recommendations

Perkembangan Pendidikan Islam di Afrika Utara: Pendidikan Islam di Sudan

Education in Sudan is free and compulsory for all children aged 6 to 13 years. Education starts with basic education for eight years, then secondary education for three years. The education level was changed to 6+3+3 format in 1990. The language of instruction used at all levels is Arabic. School locations are concentrated in a number of urban areas, a number of schools in the South and West have been damaged or even destroyed by the conflict. In the field of formal education, Sudan has many well-known universities that are tens or even hundreds of years old. Among these universities are Khartoum University, Omdurman Islamic University, El-Nilein University, Khartoum International Institute of Arabic, Al Quran Al Karim University and the youngest is the International University of Africa. The education system in Sudan starts with Primary School, then Secondary School. The level above it is Vocational/Technical Education and Training or University/College Education. In addition, there are Preservice Teacher Training and In Service Teacher Training. Non-formal education, in Sudan there are many scientific assemblies that use the talaqqi system through masyakhs who are spread almost all over Sudan.