Olympic Program Research Articles

Reflections on 20 years of the international tennis federation and olympic solidarity high-performance coach education scholarship programme: Implications for sports coach development

This paper reflects on the impact of the International Tennis Federation and Olympic Solidarity High-Performance Coach Education Scholarship Programme over the last 20 years. Coach education and development has been identified as key to the advancement of sport performance. This programme has been investigated using an online survey and followed up with semi-structured interviews, with participants and coach developers. Results from the survey suggested that the programme was well received by the tennis coaches and integral to their ongoing development plus the growth of tennis performance in their countries. Follow-up interviews revealed the three key themes of supportive environment, lifechanging experience and level of challenge contributed to the effectiveness of this programme and the subsequent development of tennis performance. This concludes with some recommendations for coach development programmes.

Manajemen Kesiswaan dalam Meningkatkan Prestasi Peserta Didik di MAN 5 Jombang

Student management is needed to improve student achievement. Students will achieve maximum achievement with good management. Therefore, it is necessary to have effective student management in regulating all activities related to students so that educational goals are achieved efficiently.The objectives of this research are: 1) Analyzing the planning of student affairs management in improving student achievement at MAN 5 Jombang, 2) Analyzing the organization of student management in improving student achievement in MAN 5 Jombang, 3) Analyzing the implementation of student management in improving student achievement in MAN 5 Jombang, 4) Analyzing the evaluation of student management in improving student achievement in MAN 5 Jombang.The research approach used is qualitative with the type of case study in MAN 5 Jombang. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The analysis is carried out during data collection and after all data is collected. The validity test of the data is carried out with credibility standards.The results of this study show that: 1) Student management planning in improving student achievement is planned at the beginning of the year and praised by the head of the madrasah, teachers and supervisors. Planning includes PPDB Planning, Olympic programs, and extracurricular programs. 2) The implementation of student management in improving student achievement is coordinated with the head of the madrasah, deputy head of the madrasah, teachers, Olympic Coaches, and extracurricular Coaches, as well as students. 3) Evaluation of student management in improving student achievement by assessing in accordance with their respective fields, both academic and non-academic by teachers and coaches who are experts in their fields.

Who still wants the Olympic Flame? Analysing the implementation of the Olympic Torch Relay of Paris 2024

ABSTRACT As the Games model becomes increasingly contested, Paris 2024 aims to set a new standard for sustainable mega-events. Explicit ambitions include making the Paris Games those of France, a crucial component for legacy. To achieve these goals, organisers ran several programmes with the Olympic Torch Relay (OTR) being one of the most emblematic. In this paper we analyse this nationwide mobilisation Olympic programme, in order to sought grasp on what happened between what is planned (enthusiasm anticipated and hoped for by organisers in associating territories with pre-Olympic activities) and what is perceived (controversy that arose following the refusal of many French departments to commit to the project). Adopting an interpretative approach of implementation, we identified three indicators to shed light on adherence’s mechanisms to the OTR. Local officials’ refusals more specifically stem from a rejection of the OTR’s implementation modalities rather than an outright rejection of the Games. Decisions made by the pro-Olympic coalition underscore a focus on population hubs and growth poles over rural areas. This inclination directing negotiations towards entities more conducive to contractualisation result as a neocorporatist model of implementation. Given the escalating controversies associated with mega sport events and the Olympic Games, this study offers a novel lens through which one can evaluate local elected officials’ relationship with Olympism.

Результати виступів українських представників єдиноборств на Олімпійських іграх

Purpose: to determine the results of performances of Ukrainian martial arts representatives at the Olympic Games. Material and methods. The analysis of scientific and methodological literature, protocols and video recordings of competitions of Ukrainian athletes in various types of martial arts (Greco-Roman wrestling, freestyle wrestling, judo, taekwondo, boxing, karate, fencing) at the 1996 Olympic Games (Atlanta, USA) was used to solve the research tasks. , 2000 (Sydney, Australia), 2004 (Athens, Greece), 2008 (Beijing, China), 2012 (London, Great Britain), 2016 (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), 2021 (Tokyo, Japan). Results: it was found that in 1996, Ukraine first took part in the Summer Olympic Games as an independent team. Martial arts athletes take an active part in every Olympic Games and bring medals to the coffers of the national team of Ukraine. The largest number of medals was won by martial artists at the 2012 Olympic Games - 10 medals (52,6 % of all medals), then at the 2021 Olympic Games - 9 (47,4 %), 2008 Olympic Games - 9 (37,5 %), -2000 – 8 (34,8 %), OI-2016 – 3 (27,3 %), OI-2004 – 4 (18,2 %). It was determined that the largest number of athletes who took part in the Olympics as part of the national team of Ukraine from 1996 to 2021 was in fencing - 63, then in freestyle wrestling - 61, in judo - 51, in boxing - 48, in Greco- in Roman wrestling - 38, in karate and taekwondo - 3 athletes each. Conclusions. It was established that during the independence of Ukraine, Ukrainian athletes took part in 7 Olympic Games. During this time, martial arts athletes won 49 medals (10 gold, 14 silver, 25 bronze), which is 34,8 % of all medals won by Ukrainian athletes. The following types of martial arts were presented in the Olympic program: Greco-Roman wrestling, freestyle wrestling, judo, boxing, karate, taekwondo, fencing. In total, from 1996 to 2021, Ukrainian martial artists took part in the Olympic Games 267 times.

The philosophy of modern olympism through the eyes of Ukrainian and American athletes

Many scientists in the field of history of physical culture, sports and the Olympic movement are concerned with the philosophy of modern Olympism and its main principles. The article focuses on the fact that the foundations of modern Olympism were laid at the end of the 19th century by Baron Pierre de Coubertin, the initiator of the revival of the Olympic Games. It was he who first proposed the philosophical doctrine of Olympism, based on universal moral principles. Pierre de Coubertin believed that Olympism was due to his humanistic potential combines sport with culture and education, serves as a worldview and axiological basis for the upbringing of the younger generation. Ancient Greek philosophers understood that physical perfection, strength and health only in combination with spiritual and moral qualities and education through exercises and competitions formed a perfect personality. Pierre de Coubertin, having drawn inspiration from the Ancient Olympic Games and the principles of the Greek education system, was convinced that the philosophy that created Greek culture can serve the development of modern humanity. Today, Olympism has the status of universal value and is an important factor of culture in general and sports culture in particular. But, as it turned out, athletes on different continents perceive the philosophy of modern Olympism in different ways. Pole dance, a relatively new sport that is rapidly developing and gaining popularity all over the world, particularly in Ukraine, was chosen for the study. The impetus for the study was the fact that Cathy Coates, the founder of the international Pole dance federation, together with supporters of this bright sport, are fighting for it to be included in the Olympic Games program. As a result of the analysis of the extended guide interview of 14 Ukrainian and 16 American athletes, it became clear that their opinions regarding the philosophy of modern Olympism were divided. This is how Ukrainian sportswomen claim that the philosophy of modern Olympism glorifies and unites into a harmonious whole the highest qualities of spirit, will, soul, mind and body, forms respect for universal fundamental ethical principles and puts sport at the service of harmonious human development. American athletes think somewhat differently: they partially agree with the quotes philosophy of modern Olympism, but believe that it has many flaws that need to be corrected (doping, politicization and illegal betting).

Analisis Kesulitan Calon Guru Matematika dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Olimpiade Bidang Aljabar

Mathematics Education Undergraduate Study Program students as prospective teachers need to be prepared with good competencies so that they are ready to carry out the Olympic preparation program when they are already in the profession as teachers. Therefore, research will be carried out that aims to analyze the difficulties of prospective mathematics teacher students in solving Olympiad questions, which are the basis for designing Olympiad learning in higher education. This research was carried out with students from the VII-semester Mathematics Education Study Program at a university in Magelang using a qualitative approach. Data obtained through written assessments and interviews were then analyzed to identify difficulties in understanding concepts, difficulties in applying principles, and difficulties in solving verbal problems experienced by the subjects. The results of the data analysis show that these three types of difficulties were found in the steps for solving olympiad questions in algebra. Keywords: difficulty analysis, prospective mathematics teacher, mathematics olympiad

The Olympic Art Competitions: Olympic medals for artworks, Pierre de Coubertin’s passion for art, the Fine Art Salon, and the social circles

In 2024, the city of Paris will be hosting the Olympic Games for the third time, after 1900 and 1924. At that Olympic Games one competition was held at the Grand Palais for which, instead of physical effort, creativity was needed to win an Olympic medal. This means that Pierre de Coubertin’s Olympic program had an artistic element. Only a few people know that between 1912 and 1948, the Olympic Art Competitions were held in parallel to the sports contests. Male and female artists competed in the five disciplines of painting, sculpture, architecture, literature and music. Consequently, this paper traces the inspirational sources for Pierre de Coubertin to conceptualize such competitions. It unveils the link to the art worlds of the Fine Art Salon through his artistic family background. In addition, it explains the importance of the private salons to find like-minded people that helped him realizing his Olympic vision and who were companions along the way. The findings enable a better understanding of how and why the sports aficionado had an interest in art and find a way to combine both in the Olympic Art Competitions – the artistic element in the Olympic Program during the first half of the 20th century.

Lower back pain in young climbers: a retrospective cross-sectional study.

The popularity of sport climbing has been growing since its inclusion in the Olympic Games program, which led to more people practicing it on recreational, amateur, and professional levels. Strenuous climbing training sessions and competitions might lead to frequent and serious musculoskeletal injuries and complaints among competitive climbers. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) and to explore the influence of various risk factors on LBP in adolescent climbers. The sample included 180 competitive climbers (46.6% males) aged 13-19 years competing in under-16 (48.3%) or under-20 categories. Data collection was carried out using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) and the Graded Chronic Pain Scale (GCPS). A total of 74.4% of the entire sample of participants (male = 75%; female = 74%) reported lower back complaints throughout the past twelve months, and only 15.5% during the last seven days. A major part of complaints was classified as low intensity-low disability (Grade I, 62.8%; male = 72.6%; female = 54.2%). Under-20 competitors reported a small but significantly higher percentage of almost all NMQ measures compared to under-16 athletes. This study found a relatively high prevalence of LBP, although complaints were of limited severity and did not affect climbers' regular training practice. Moreover, climbers did not differ in LBP prevalence according to sex, while climbers from the older age group reported higher complaints and seeking medical attention than younger climbers. Future studies should prospectively monitor the influence of climbing on LBP in youth climbers.

The general characteristics and development of handball in Ukraine

The game of handball is considered to be a sport with conflict. Teams strive to gain an advantage over their opponents by disguising their game tactics and at the same time trying to reveal the opponent's plans. That is why it is necessary to consider the sports struggle of teams from the standpoint of the opposing parties. The game is determined by the presence of technique, tactics and strategy, without which sports competition between teams is impossible.
 The purpose of the study: to provide a general description and consider the historical aspect of the emergence and development of handball in Ukraine.
 The results of the study. The general characteristics of handball are presented. The peculiarities of the emergence and development of the game in Ukraine are analysed.
 Conclusions. Handball is a sport played by two teams of seven players. The aim of the game is to throw the ball into the opponent's goal and to oppose the opponent's ability to get hold of the ball and throw it into your team's goal. The team that has scored the most goals at the end of the game wins.
 Taking into account the influence of various factors on the development of handball in Ukraine, three historical periods can be distinguished: 1909-1972, 1972-1991 and since 1991 to the present.
 The first period is characterised by the emergence of handball and its development on the territory of modern Ukraine.
 In the second period, handball was formed as a game with a strong material, technical and financial base, and the system of organising children's and youth sports was improved, which led to its inclusion in the Olympic Games programme (1972).
 The third period is characterised by the intensification of the processes of commercialisation and professionalisation of handball at the national and international levels, and the processes of integration and globalisation in sport are intensifying.

Strengthening students’ scientific literacy through scientific coaching programs

<span lang="EN-US">The scientific literacy of madrasa students currently shows a very proud trend. This is shown by the achievements in the field of science obtained in various science competitions. Scientific achievements are obtained through a long and continuous process, including through science coaching. By using qualitative methods, this study aimed to describe the science coaching model at State Madrasah Aliyah (MAN) 2 Malang City. The results showed that the science coaching model in MAN 2 Malang City includes four main aspects. First, strengthening the management aspect through establishing the olympic and research program and fulfilling adequate infrastructure. Second, strengthening students’ concepts and abilities through matriculation and programmed guidance. Third, empowering the olympic class and the olympic club through a rigorous selection and the implementation of periodic tests and tryouts. Fourth, synergy with other parties, such as Ma’had Al-Qalam, state universities, and National Achievement Center (<em>Pusat Prestasi Nasional</em>/Puspresnas). The success of scientific development cannot be separated from the interest and motivation of students to learn, adequate infrastructure, a conducive learning environment, and the support of the madrasa principal, committee, and parents.</span>

Birthplace as a factor of influence for the sporting success of Brazilian Olympic gymnasts

The main objective of this study was to identify the population and socioeconomic profile of the place of birth of Brazilian Olympic gymnasts in the three gymnastics disciplines that are part of the Olympic Games program (Men's and Women's Artistic Gymnastics, individual and team Rhythmic Gymnastics, and Men's and Women's Trampoline Gymnastics) and their relationship with international sporting success. This study was characterized as descriptive, with a quantitative approach using the following analysis factors: State of the country, Region of the country, Number of inhabitants, Demographic Density, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, and Municipal Human Development Index (MDI). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study is original in that it gathers diverse information about athletes who represented Brazil in different editions of the Olympic Games in a specific group of sports and contributes to understanding factors that influence international sports success for gymnastics modalities in the Brazilian context. The data indicate that Brazilian Olympic gymnasts from cities in the South and Southeast regions of the country, with more than 100,001 inhabitants, with a demographic density greater than 1869.37 inhabitants/km2, and with a high or very high HDI are more likely to achieve international sporting success. We believe that this study can contribute to future studies to analyze the influence of environmental factors on sporting success, especially in the Brazilian context.

Swedish Olympic athletes report one injury insurance claim every second year: a 22-year insurance registry-based cohort study.

To describe injury incidence, time trends in injury incidence, and injury characteristics among Swedish Olympic athletes over 22years based on insurance data, as a first step to inform injury preventive measures among Olympic athletes. The cohort comprised 762 elite athletes (54% males; age 26.5 ± 5.9years) in 38 sports in the Swedish Olympic Committee support program 'Top and Talent' between 1999 and 2020, with total 3427 athlete-years included. Acute and gradual onset injuries were reported to the insurance registry by the athletes' medical staff. A total of 1635 injuries in 468 athletes were registered. The overall injury incidence was 47.7 injuries/100 athlete-years (one injury per athlete every second year). An increasing trend in injury incidence was observed in the first decade 2001 to 2010 (annual change 6.0%, 95% CI 3.3-8.8%), while in the second decade 2011 to 2020 no change was evident (0.4%, 95% CI - 1.9 to 2.7%). Gymnastics, tennis, and athletics had the highest incidence (100.0, 99.3, and 93.4 injuries/100 athlete-years, respectively). Among sport categories, mixed and power sports had the highest incidence (72.8 and 69.5 injuries/100 athlete-years, respectively). Higher incidences were seen in the younger age groups (≤ 25years) in mixed and skill sports. The injury incidence was comparable between male and female athletes, and summer and winter sports. Most injuries occurred in the lower limb, and specifically the knee (24%), foot/ankle (15%) and spine/pelvis (13%). The results on injury patterns in different sports and age groups may guide preventive focus for health and performance teams working with Olympic athletes. II.

Improving the psychophysiological condition of secondary school learners through the Olympic education program during the Covid-19 pandemic

The article aims to evaluate the impact of the proposed "Olympic Education" program on the physical and psycho-emotional state of middle school children. Materials and methods. We conducted research in Chernivtsi specialized schools, and 34 children aged 13-14 participated in the experiments. We tested effectiveness experimentally. A group of 16 boys and 18 girls were involved in the extracurricular activities based on the proposed program. Results. The results of the transformative experiment proved that implementation of the innovative program contributed to a significant increase in the indicators referring to the physical and psycho-emotional state of children aged 13-14. Using a large arsenal of mobile games and online activities contributed to probable changes (р<0.05; р<0.001) in the indicators characterizing the respiratory system, particularly the breath retention time on inhalation and exhalation increased in both groups. Implementing the Olympic education program contributed to a probable (p<0.05; p<0.001) improvement of the vast majority of volitional qualities in both groups. Conclusions. The results obtained during the pedagogical experiment testify to the effectiveness of the innovative Olympic education program in improving the physical and psycho-emotional state of secondary school children. Key words: Olympic Education, Covid-19, online learning, secondary school learners, Physical Education, psychophysiological condition.

How sport changed my life? Description of the perceived effects of the experiences of young Colombians throughout a sport for development and peace program.

This study contributes to the advancement of the field of Sport for Development and Peace (SDP) research in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). There are still few studies on SDP programs in this region and it is important to document and understand the impacts of these programs on participants. The present study is the result of a collaborative research that aims to describe the experiences and perceptions of Colombian youth and program managers who participated in an SDP program that took them from a local community sports club to the Olympic Games. Seven semi-structured interviews were conducted with key actors (administrators, coaches, and athletes) who participated in a triple and transversal (local, district and national) Olympic walking training program. The results provided a better understanding of the program dynamics in the local, regional, and national level, as well as of the short- and long-term effects perceived by the actors of the process on their development, education, health, and career. Recommendations are made for SDP organizations in LAC. Future studies should continue to investigate the SDP initiative in LAC to understand how sport can help development and peace building in this region.

Medals, Rings, and Olympic Dreams: A Review Essay of Antonio Sotomayor and Cesar R. Torres, eds., Olimpismo

Medals, Rings, and Olympic Dreams: A Review Essay of Antonio Sotomayor and Cesar R. Torres, eds., <i>Olimpismo</i>

The Attempted Grobalization of Parkour by the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique

On December 3rd, 2018, the 82nd Congress of the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG), voted to include parkour as the FIG’s 8th gymnastic discipline. Unlike, trampoline and acrobatic gymnastics, which became gymnastic disciplines following the agreed dissolution of their respective federations, parkour’s inclusion followed two years of unilateral and ultra vires development of competitive showcases. Despite athlete participation in FIG-organized parkour competitions, the global parkour community has been largely opposed to parkour under FIG, especially its attempts to include parkour in the Olympic programme. This situation catalyzed the federating of the international federation Parkour Earth. However, all attempts by the global parkour community to halt the FIG’s appropriation of parkour have proved unsuccessful to date. Digital ethnographic work conducted during the controversy and the authors’ experiences as key protagonists in the formation and administration of Parkour Earth highlights the politics, influences, and power struggles between the different stakeholders. With help from Ritzer’s theory of grobalization it is clear that the FIG is attempting to grobalize parkour to grow its power and profits, and the IOC is enabling, and to some extent complicit in this process. This has implications for the parkour community and other long-standing gymnastic disciplines.

Is a cyberathlete an athlete? Brazilian athlete perspectives

Considering the significance that Esports as professional sport and entertainment has attained recently, discussion about the legitimacy of esports as part of traditional sport has risen. This issue becomes more pronounced because Esports will start in the Olympic Games program. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics and similarities between Brazilian Olympic athletes and esport athletes. Ten Brazilian athletes were interviewed. Dedication, discipline, and competitiveness were found as components of the narratives of the athletes. Similar to Olympic athletes, cyberathletes have workout routines to improve techniques, exercises, and diets to provide opportunities for optimal performances in competitions. The results showed that although the virtual environment differs from an Olympic sport environment, common characteristics are present relative to the understanding of competition as in the elements of athlete identity. Keywords: cyber athletes; Olympic athletes; esports; Olympic Games; Olympism

‘This Is Not a Problem but an Issue’: Chinese-Born Table Tennis Players Representing Another Country at the Olympics, 1988–2020

Table tennis was first included in the Olympic program at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. During the period 1988 to 2020, 811 athletes participated in the Olympic Games. Of these, a staggering 127 China-born table tennis players represented countries other than China at the Olympics. Collectively, these China-born athletes have officially earned these non-Chinese nations eight silver and seven bronze medals. Women have consistently migrated more than men. Did the number of China-born table tennis players who represent another country increase between 1988 and 2020, or was there a decline in numbers following the introduction of stricter eligibility rules in 2008? What are the major destination countries for China-born table tennis players? Through the life and stories of athletes, this study seeks to clarify that most of them obtained their new citizenship via ius domicilii and ius matrimony, meaning that they were naturalized through marriage or residency in their new countries. In short, we conclude that these athletes left China because of the extraordinary talent pool and their ambition to perform in an international event, such as the Olympics, in combination with existing diasporic migration corridors.

Olympic Games and Adventure Sports: The Inclusion of Surfing in the Tokyo 2020 edition

As a result of the International Olympic Committee’s desire to rejuvenate its fan base and spark the interest of a new generation of spectators, the world witnessed the inclusion of action and adventure sports in the Tokyo 2020 Olympic games. These sports included sport climbing, skate street, skate park, BMX park and surfing. Focusing specifically on the sport of surfing, this study aims to explore the expectations around its debut in the Tokyo 2020 Olympic programme, nurtured by people relevant to the surfing universe, such as athletes, managers and journalists. This is a descriptive and exploratory study that uses bibliographic and documentary analysis as methodological procedures, along with a semi-structured interview script for qualitative exploratory research, focused on the inclusion of surfing in the Olympic programme. Through the analysis of interview data combined with the information obtained through literature review, we conclude that the inclusion of surfing in the Olympic programme presents possibilities that go beyond rejuvenating its audience; it also has the potential to reaffirm Olympic values.

Olympic education in the process of forming humanistic values in school students

This article analyzes the importance of the Olympic education in the system of formation of humanistic values among the younger generation. Olympic education is considered as an innovative educational technology, which provides a complex effect on the formation of personality in the spiritual and the physical plane. This technology conforms to the national education development strategy in Ukraine contributes to the improvement of the system of education of children and youth on the basis of universal values, it promotes the physical, moral and spiritual development of the younger generation, the formation of socially mature personality, preparing young people for the conscious choice of spheres of life.&#x0D; The analysis of international experience in the implementation of national Olympic education systems made it possible to single out the main groups of programs: Olympic education programs implemented by the Organizing Committees of the Olympic Games; programs of a complex nature; programs implemented in general educational institutions, programs based on mass sports events; programs based on Olympic-themed competitions. The paper presents the characteristics of the Olympic education system in the world, presents the model of formation of value orientations of high school students. This model contributes to the integration of Olympic education into the educational process, solving the main tasks of the educational process at the current stage. The implementation of a variable model is possible taking into account a set of organizational and pedagogical conditions: general ones that ensure the effectiveness of the educational process; separate ones that determine the mechanism of formation of value orientations; scientific and methodical, aimed at positive dynamics in improving the qualifications of teachers, the level of their professional competence.