Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire Research Articles

Moral Intelligence and Bullying At Junior High School

There are many cases of bullying at junior high school level. Every school are now inclusive school because of the diverse culture, socioeconomic status, and students with various special needs. The diversity makes students look different. This is actually an opportunity for students to hone tolerance, or as opposite a high risk for occurrence of bullying. Therefore bullying is related to moral intelligence. If students can show empathy, they tend to think wisely and act positive. Coversely, those who bully others are students who lack kindness and act to suppres their peers. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between moral intelligence and bullying in junior high school students. The method used is quantitative with a correlational design. The subject were 300 junior high school students, boys and girls. The research used Moral Competency Inventory (MCI) scale and Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ) scale to collect the data, and data were analyzed using person product moment correlation. The results show negative and significant relationship between moral intelligence and bullying behavior in junior high school students with a correlation value of –0.633 and a significant value of 0.001.
 Keywords: moral intelligence, bullying, junior high school student

Bullying Victimization and Psychiatric Symptoms Among Syrian Adolescent Refugees in Southeast Turkey: A Structural Equation Modeling Study

Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the peer bullying of refugee and non-refugee adolescents, and to explore the association between bullying victimization and psychiatric symptoms among Syrian adolescent refugees in the Southeast Anatolia region of Turkey. Methods: The sample of the study consists of 217 adolescents in the 13–17 age group who are school-going, 102 refugee adolescents, and 115 non-refugee adolescents. The study data was obtained using the Sociodemographic Characteristics Questionnaire developed by the researchers, Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 42 (DASS-42). A structural equation model was used to assess the association between bullying victimization and depressive symptoms, while also considering mediation by stress and anxiety. Results: In this study, 44.1% of refugee adolescents reported experiencing at least one bullying victimization, while this rate was 27.8% in the non-refugee group, and this difference was found statistically significant. The logistic regression analysis revealed that poor school performance was a risk factor for bullying victimization in refugee adolescent. Moreover, the structural equation model analysis revealed that bullying victimization significantly increased the stress level in refugee adolescents, and depressive symptoms were significantly affected by stress and anxiety levels. Conclusion: Taking into consideration that bullying victimization is a significant problem among Syrian refugee adolescents; anti-bullying programmes should be implemented as this may improve the mental health of Syrian refugee adolescents.

The Influence of the Dark Triad Personality on Bullying Behavior in Adolescents

Bullying behavior is a behavior that is not prosocial so that it can have a negative effect on both the perpetrator and the victim. This bullying behavior is influenced by certain negative factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the dark triad personality on bullying behavior in adolescents. Respondents to this study amounted to 100 adolescents with an age range of 13-18 years and had experienced verbal, physical or psychological bullying. The sampling technique in this study used accidental sampling. The measuring tool used is the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ) to measure the bullying variable and the Short Dark Triad (SD3) to measure the dark triad personality variable. This study uses multiple linear regression analysis techniques. The results showed that the dimensions of Machiavellianism and psychopathy had a significant effect on bullying behavior, while the dimensions of narcissism did not have a significant effect. The conclusion of this study is that there is an influence of dark triad personality for aspects of machiavellianism and narcissism on bullying behavior in adolescents.

LITERATURE REVIEW OF BULLYING ASSESSMENT : A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE INVENTORY OF BULLYING SCALE IN SCHOOLS

Bullying is still a serious problem in Indonesia. The impact of bullying on its victims is very real. Meanwhile, on average, educators, especially guidance counselors, education staff, and parents only become aware of bullying after it has happened. If early detection efforts are made, the case can be anticipated earlier. This is because there are no measurement instruments that can assist the counseling teacher in detecting cases of bullying that occur easily and on a large scale. So it is necessary to digitize the bullying scale instrument. Instruments in the form of self-reports are the most commonly used method in collecting data to assess bullying phenomena. This method has several advantages. The Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ) is one of the most widely used instruments to measure the prevalence of bullying worldwide. This questionnaire provides students with a clear definition of bullying that includes three important characteristics: (1) intent to harm others; (2) repetitive behavior; and (3) the power imbalance between victims and perpetrators. The OBVQ can be adapted into a bullying scale inventory that is appropriate to the conditions and culture in Indonesia so that it can be used to detect bullying phenomena that occur in Indonesian youth, especially at school.

Prevalence and predictors of bullying among in-school adolescents in Nigeria

ObjectiveAs an emerging significant public health issue affecting many students globally, school bullying is a threat that should not be disregarded. While several published studies have focused on bullying in developed countries, very little is known about the prevalence and predictors of bullying in Nigeria. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of bullying in secondary schools in Edo State, Nigeria. MethodA descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 621 in-school adolescents using a multistage random sampling technique. The 40-item Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ) was utilized for data collection. The chi-squared test, Fisher's test, and binomial logistic regression analysis were utilized to examine associations between variables at 5% level of significance. ResultsApproximately half of the respondents (51.9%) had experienced at least one type of bullying, while 173 (27.9%) reported themselves as bullies. The most common type of bullying was physical bullying in different forms (belonging taken/stolen-68.3%; kicked, pushed or locked indoor-52.2%; threatened-47.8%), while the most common location of bullying was the classroom in the absence of a teacher (75%); the perpetrators were reported by the majority (58.3%) to be classmates. Respondents in junior classes were 1.61-fold more likely to be bullied than those in senior classes (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.60; confidence interval [CI]: 1.15–2.24), those who live in rural areas were 1.75-fold more likely to be bullied than urban cities (AOR: 0.45; CI: 0.58–1.80), and those who were frequently beaten by their parents were 2.28-fold more likely to be bullies than those who were not beaten (AOR: 2.16; CI: 1.33–3.52). Furthermore, the act of bullying others was significantly associated with family monthly income (p = 0.01). ConclusionOwing to the prevalence and predictors of bullying reported in this study, we recommend that policies should be implemented in schools to protect the most affected and vulnerable groups from being victims of school bullying.

Psychometric validation of revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ-R) among adolescents in Bangladesh

The assessment of bullying-related attributes is vital in developing anti-bullying intervention and prevention programs. The revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ-R) is one tool that has been widely used for this purpose. Thus, as we noticed a rising interest in research on bullying and there is a scarcity of proper psychometric tools to assess bullying-related attributes in Bangladesh, our study aimed to translate the OBVQ-R and test the psychometric properties of the Bangla version of this questionnaire on a large Bangladeshi adolescent sample. In Bangladesh, we collected data from grade 8-10students (N=567, 309 females, 258 males, AgeMean±SD=15.12±0.81). The participants completed Bangla OBVQ-R, Beck Youth Inventory (BYI), and Children's Revised Impact of Events Scale-13 (CRIES-13). The item response theory (IRT) analysis discarded five items and retained 15 items (Victimization=8, Perpetration=7). Both subscales had items with high discrimination (Victimization: 3.14±0.67; Perpetration: 3.40±1.04). Confirmatory factor analysis supported a correlated two-factor model (CFI=0.99; TLI=0.99). Both subscales (Victimization and Perpetration) and the 15-item full scale exhibited satisfactory reliability (>0.80). In line with our predictions, both subscales demonstrated significant positive correlations with BYI and CRIES-13, indicating satisfactory concurrent validity. The results of the psychometric analyses supported the reliability and validity of the 15-item Bangla-version OBVQ-R to assess bullying involvement. Hence, this new, adapted measurement can facilitate further bullying research in Bangladesh and, thus, the development of prevention and intervention programs.

Autistic traits and self-harm in adolescents: a study on interpersonal psychological theory of suicide

BackgroundThe purpose of the study was to investigate whether autistic traits predicted the presence and recurrence of self-harm and to determine any relationship mediated by the Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide (IPTS), which composed of the social influence of negative life experiences on suicide, is referred to as "acquired capability", while proximal social risk factors are referred to as "thwarted belonging and perceived burdensomeness."ResultsWe evaluated any interaction with the Autistic Quotient (AQ) score and self-harm whether it was explained by the thwarted belonging/perceived burdensomeness in the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ), victimization in the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ), and maltreatment in the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Communication and social skill as autistic traits predicted the presence of self-harm, yet the association vanished after including thwarted belonging and perceived burdensomeness, which are independent predictors of the presence of self-harm. Social skill and the sum score of autistic traits predicted the recurrence of self-harm, and the prediction was mediated largely by thwarted belonging and much less by perceived burdensomeness.ConclusionsThe unique interaction of autistic traits and IPTS increases the risk of self-harm. Within autistic traits, social skills, in particular, are likely associated to attempts at self-harm through acquired capability. The results of this research were identified as attention to loneliness and social support may be helpful in reducing self-harm in adolescents with autistic traits.

Resilience mediates parenting style associated school bullying victimization in Chinese children and adolescents

BackgroundExisting evidence has shown that negative parenting style elevates the risk of school bullying victimization in children and adolescents. Resilience may play as a mediating factor in this association. However, this hypothesis has not been investigated.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, a total of 4582 Chinese children and adolescents had been surveyed by self-administered questionnaire. The Chinese version of Egna Minnen av. Barndoms Uppfostra (s-EMBU-C), the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ) and the Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents (RSCA) were used to collect relevant information. Univariate and multiple logistic regression models were used to estimate the crude and adjusted associations between parenting style, resilience, and bullying victimization. Path analysis was used to estimate the mediation via resilience in the association between parenting style and bullying victimization.ResultsAfter adjustment for possible covariates, the results of multivariate binary logistic regression model suggested that among all dimensions of parenting style, mother’s and father’s rejection were significantly associated with school bullying victimization. Path analysis revealed a statistically significant mediation of resilience in the association between parental rejection and bullying victimization, and among the five dimensions of resilience, emotion regulation, family support and interpersonal assistance accounted for the highest proportions of mediation.ConclusionsFor children and adolescents who suffered from parental rejection, building up resilience, especially those measures aiming at improving emotion regulation ability and consolidating family and peer support, might be effective in reducing risk of school bullying victimization.

The prevalence of peer bullying and psychiatric symptoms among high school students in southeast Turkey

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the prevalence of bullying among high school students, its associated factors, and the effects of engaging in bullying behaviors on mental health. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study was conducted between 2021 and 2022 in the province with the highest population of children in the Southeast Anatolia region of Turkey. The data of the study were collected using the Sociodemographic Characteristics Questionnaire prepared by the researchers, Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ), and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 42 (DASS-42). Results Of the 880 students who participated in the study, 34.2% reported being a victim of bullying and 13.9% reported bullied someone. Regression analysis revealed that overweight/obesity was a risk factor for both victims and bullies. On the other hand, male gender and alcohol consumption were significantly associated with bullying. Scores for depression, anxiety, and stress were significantly higher in both the victim and the bullying groups compared to students who did not fall into this cycle. Conclusions The present findings suggest that bullying in school creates problems not only for the bullying victims but also for the bullies. Health professionals assessing youth should be aware of the characteristics of young people who may be involved in bullying.

Bullying Victimization and its Associated Factors among Adolescent Students

Introduction: Bullying is common type of school violence and is a major source of maladjustment with undue effect on health and academic performance among adolescents. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of bullying victimization among adolescent students and its association with socio-demographic, family and school characteristics. Methods: It was descriptive survey carried out among 568 adolescents studying in Grade 7 to 11 of 10 public and 10 private schools of Kathmandu municipality selected through multi-stage stratified cluster sampling technique. Nepali version of modified revised Olweus Bully Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ) was used for data collection through Google Survey Tool after taking informed consent. Results: Prevalence of bullying victimization was 20.4% among 568 respondents. In regards types of bullying, prevalence of verbal bullying was 75.8%, relational bullying was 57.7%, physical bullying was 23.2% and cyber bullying was 23.2%. Male respondents were more victimized (63.8%) than female (36.2%).The highest proportion (23.6%) of bullied respondents was from 15-19 years aged group. About one-third (34.0%) of bullied students had family problem. Higher proportion of respondents who disliked school and who were afraid of being bullying, were bully victimized (40.9% and 33.3% respectively). Conclusion: Prevalence of bullying victimization tends to be an issue among adolescent students. Bullying victimization is likely to be high in 15-19 years aged group and in male adolescents. Prevalence of verbal bullying tends to be commonest types of bullying.

Hubungan antara Religiositas dengan Perilaku Bullying pada Pemuda Gereja di Salatiga

There is a phenomenon in Salatiga city where bullying is done by the church youth. Bullying is a repeated act of hurting others physically, verbally, or relationally. The church youth are in the early adulthood stage which is a critical period and has the potential for deviant behavior. The emergence of this problem and behavior is completely irrelevant to Christian teaching. Essentially, every church youth has been equipped with religious values. However, some still do bullying or behave negatively towards others. This study aims to determine the connection between religiosity and bullying behavior from the church youth in Salatiga. The measurement of this research uses The Centrality of Religiosity Scale (CRS) and Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ-R). In the study, the number of participants are 50 people according to predetermined criteria. The data is obtained by distributing an online questionnaire (Likert scale) via google form. Using Spearman's Rho Correlations to analyze the data. The result shows that there is no negative connection between religiosity and bullying behavior in the church youth in Salatiga. The correlation coefficient value is 0.055 with a significance value of 0.351 (P>0.05).

Bullying victimization is associated with possible sleep bruxism in school children

• Possible sleep bruxism has been associated with bullying victimization. • Victims of bullying require special attention. • The present results spark a wake-up call to the importance of multidisciplinary approaches. Children in the school phase can be victims of bullying, which can have emotional and functional repercussions. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the association between bullying victimization and possible SB in children six to ten years of age. The present cross-sectional study was performed with a sample of 386 children. Questionnaires were sent to the parents/caregivers of the children to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics and oral habits. Possible SB was determined based on the reports of parents/caregivers regarding the occurrence of clenching/grinding the teeth during sleep. This information was obtained through a question on the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire. Bullying victimization was evaluated using the Olweus Bully Victim Questionnaire. Descriptive analysis as well as univariate and multivariate Poisson regression analyses were performed. The prevalence of SB was significantly higher among children whose parents/caregivers reported that their children seemed to stop breathing during sleep (PR = 2.13; 95%CI: 1.52–2.98; p <0.01) and children who reported being victims of bullying (PR = 1.57; 95%CI: 1.09–2.25; p = 0.01). Limitations: The cross-sectional design impedes the establishment of causality in the associations encountered. The prevalence of possible sleep bruxism was higher among children who had been victims of some episode of bullying in the studied population. The present findings propose the need for a multidisciplinary approach that involves physicians, psychologies, dentists, and school staff members. The school community, parents/caregivers, and children should be aware of the consequences of bullying for health.

The Relationship of Acculturation and Bullying in Russian Schools

Russian schools have been characterized by its ethnic diversity over the past decade. Children from ethnic minorities in Russia face problems in acculturation, including school bullying. The purpose of this article is to determine the relationship between the acculturation strategies of ethnic minority students, acculturation expectations of Russian students, and their roles in school bullying situations. We conducted a social psychological survey among a sample of 429 students, 200 of whom were Russian (M age = 16.18, SD age = 1.43) and 229 were members of ethnic minorities (M age = 15.67, SD age = 1.65). It was used scales from the MIRIPS and the Revised Olweus Bully Victim Questionnaire (Russian version). The results of the study showed significant differences in the level of victimization. It was also found that acculturation expectation of segregation was positively related to victimization (β = 0.24, p-value &lt;0.01), and aggression (β = 0.18, p-value &lt; 0.01) among Russian students, whereas acculturation strategy of segregation was positively related to victimization (β = 0. 40, p-value &lt; 0.01), assimilation strategy positively (β = 0.07, p-value &lt; 0.01), and integration strategy negatively (β = –0.05, p-value &lt; 0.05) related to aggression among ethnic minorities. The results of the study are discussed in terms of a sociocultural approach using psychological theories and research.

Multi-Informant Assessment of Bullying in Austrian Schools

This study explores the agreement of bullying reports from different perspectives. Nominations and (self and peer) ratings of 721 students (50.5% boys, 49.5% girls, aged 9–11), 46 teachers (91.3% female, 8.7% male;Mage= 40.28 years,SDage= 1.6, teaching experience between 2 and 36 years,Mexperience= 15.16,SDexperience= 1.68), 439 mothers, and 363 fathers were analyzed. Measures included a modified version of the Revised Olweus Bully/Victim questionnaire (OBVQ) as well as nomination items, with variables on physical and relational bullying and victimization, and frequency of experience. For descriptive analyses, group comparisons and correlations were performed and to test the dimensional structure of the modified Revised OBVQ we fitted a categorical confirmatory factor analysis (CCFA) for all four raters. To estimate the degree of agreement between the four raters, we applied a simple multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) analysis in a CCFA framework. Results indicated that teachers are more likely to recognize physical bullying than relational bullying. Significant gender effects were found, with more frequent nominations for boys and a larger gender effect for physical bullying. Overall, teachers reported the highest levels of bullying, and students reported significantly higher levels of victimization compared to the other raters. In terms of bullying, the MTMM model revealed a slightly higher agreement between students and parents than between students and teachers. The findings further indicate a tendency for lower agreement between student and adult reports than among adults’ reports. The notably high agreement between the ratings of mothers and fathers for both bullying and victimization supports the research strategy to include only one parent. Although bullying is assessed from various perspectives, the study does not provide prevalence estimates of bullying in Austria.

Bullying victimization and its associated factors among adolescents in Kozhikode district, Kerala, India: a mixed-methods study [version 1; peer review: 1 approved

BackgroundBullying victimization among adolescents is a serious concern as it leads to poor psycho-social adjustments in the future. Literature on bullying at schools in Kerala is limited. This study aimed to investigate the magnitude of bullying and the factors associated with it among adolescents.MethodsA sequential explanatory study design was used. A cross-sectional study among 764 adolescents (mean age 13.3 years, males 58.5%) selected through multistage cluster sampling was done. We used the Olweus Bully-Victim Questionnaire, Global School Health Survey, and Patient Health Questionnaire 9 for data collection. Binary logistic regression was performed to identify predictors of bullying victimization. After this, in-depth interviews were carried out among key stakeholders.ResultsAbout 117 (15.3%) respondents reported being bullied at least twice a month. Verbal bullying was reported by 30% (n=229), physical bullying by 23.3% (n=178), sexual bullying by 11% (n=89) and cyber-bullying by 3.3% (n=25). Adolescents aged 14 years and above (OR 2.09, 95% CI: 1.34-3.26), being male (OR 3.50, 95% CI: 1.97-5.87), the parent’s response to bullying (OR 5.27, 95% CI: 2.44-11.36), the victim’s reaction to being bullied (OR 8.101, CI: 4.53-14.36) and the teacher’s action against the bully (OR 3.59, CI: 1.91-6.73) were major predictors of bullying. Qualitative exploration of pathways of bullying phenomena revealed the influence of parenting on a child being a victim or a bully, and a lack of competence and training among teachers to address bullying at school.ConclusionsBullying is highly prevalent among adolescents in schools and has short- and long-term implications. Targeted interventions for bullying prevention should focus on older adolescent boys and those who report being bullied. Anti-bullying policies at school are vital to sensitize teachers, parents, and students to bullying.

Validation of the Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ-R) Among Adolescents in Chile.

Bullying is a phenomenon that affects children and adolescents worldwide, and it has major consequences for all participants involved in these situations. In Chile, researchers have validated several instruments used to investigate aggression between peers and school violence, but there is a lack of validation of instruments to investigate bullying. The purpose of this study was to provide evidence of the validity and reliability of the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire—Revised version (OBVQ-R) in the Chilean context. The participants were 2,775 students from schools of low, medium, and high socioeconomic status. OBVQ-R is a self-report questionnaire with 42 items, which has been used in different countries, and has adequate psychometric properties to assess the prevalence of victimization and aggression and various forms of bullying worldwide. Results confirmed the two-factor structure of the OBVQ-R (victimization and perpetration subscales) and good reliability (ω = 0.81 and ω = 0.75, respectively). These dimensions seem to be correlated. Comparison between OBVQ-R with the School Violence between Peers Questionnaire and the Internet Experiences Questionnaire showed some degree of agreement. The Item Response Theory analysis showed that the item about verbal bullying, in both subscales, had the lowest-severity parameters, meaning that these forms of bullying were the most prevalent. The higher-severity parameter in the victimization scale was the cyberbullying item, and the sexual bullying item showed higher severity in the perpetration subscale. The differential item functioning analysis by gender showed a trend in which boys responded with lower-severity parameters than girls. In the victimization scale, the exception was the item about spreading rumors, and in the perpetration subscale, it was the item about racial bullying. We have provided evidence of the validation of OBVQ-R among school-age children and adolescents in Chile. This study is part of a trial registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02898324.

Psychological distress in relation to bullying/victimization at secondary schools

OBJECTIVE The present study investigated psychological distress experienced by students as a result of bullying and victimization. Gender and grade differences were also observed. STUDY DESIGN This study based on correlational research design and cross sectional method was also followed. PLACE AND DURATION OF THE STUDY Different public sector secondary schools of Faisalabad were approached during a period of 3 months from February 2016 to September 2016. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A convenient sample of 247 students was drawn from respondents and Olweus Bully Victim Questionnaire was used to classify students into bullies, victims, bully-victims and the students who were not involved. Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale was used as measure of psychological distress. RESULTS Results of One way ANOVA showed that Victims of bullying was the most vulnerable group to be affected by depression and anxiety, as compared to uninvolved students, all the three involved groups experienced significantly greater levels of depression, anxiety and stress. Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) showed significant main effects of gender and grade on depression and anxiety and the same was true for interaction effect. Girls in lower grades were more depressed and anxious. CONCLUSION Psychological distress among bully/victim groups is discussed for contributory factors and necessary preventive actions.

Relationship among bullying victimization, psychological traits and suicide ideation of middle school students in Bijie

Objective To explore relationship among bullying victimization, psychological traits and suicide ideation of middle school students, and to provide suggestions for school bullying and suicide prevention for adolescents. Methods A total of 3 635 students of 7-9th grade from 5 junior middle schools were enrolled and investigated with the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ), psychological traits questionnaire for middle school students and suicide ideation questionnaire. Results Prevalence of bullying victimization was 28.34% of middle school students, while the prevalence of verbal, relational and physical bullying were 22.59%, 12.05% and 7.54%, respectively. Boys had significantly higher rates of bullying victimization than girls ( χ 2 = 88.92, 94.29, 7.69, P <0.01). Bullying victimization was positively associated with suicidal ideation ( r = 0.21, P <0.01), while associated with psychological traits ( r = –0.17, –0.22, P <0.01). Psychological traits had a moderating effect on the relationship between bullying victimization and suicidal ideation ( β = –0.04, P <0.05). Conclusion Psychological traits can buffer the adverse effects of bullying victimization on suicidal ideation, and the critical role of psychological traits in the maintenance and development of adolescent mental health should be emphasized. 【摘要】 目的 探讨初中生欺凌受害、心理素质和自杀意念之间的关系, 为校园欺凌防治和青少年自杀预防提供参考依 据。 方法 采用Olweus儿童欺负问卷、中学生心理素质问卷和自杀意念问卷, 对整群抽取的毕节试验区5所初级中学的 3 635名七至九年级学生进行问卷调查。 结果 毕节试验区初中生欺凌受害的检出率为28.34%, 言语欺凌、关系欺凌、身 体欺凌的检出率分别为22.59%, 12.05%和7.54%, 不同性别学生欺凌受害及言语、关系、身体欺凌的检出率差异均有统计 学意义(χ 2 值分别为88.92,94.29,7.69, P 值均<0.01)。欺凌受害与自杀意念之间呈正相关（ r = 0.21), 两者与心理素质均 呈负相关( r 值分别为-0.17, –0.22) ( P 值均<0.01)。在欺凌受害与自杀意念的关系中, 心理素质的调节作用有统计学意义 ( β = –0.04, P <0.05)。 结论 心理素质能缓冲欺凌受害对自杀意念的影响, 应重视心理素质教育在维护青少年心理健康 中的关键作用。

Risk and Protective Factors for Bullying at 11 Years of Age in a Spanish Birth Cohort Study.

(1) Background: Bullying affects a large number of children worldwide. This study has two objectives, to provide data on the prevalence of bullying in Spain, and to identify risk and protective factors associated with bullying. (2) Methods: Participants were 858 eleven-year-old children. Bullying was assessed using a short version of the Olweus Bully Victim Questionnaire, and the following data were gathered to explore potential predictors: individual (inattention, behavior problems, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptomatology, traumatic life events), family-related (sociodemographic characteristics, family context, child-parent relations), school-related (school characteristics, peer and social support, school environment) and community-related data. (3) Results: 9.3% of the children were victims, 1.4% bullies and 1.6% bully-victims. Results showed that a higher level of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptomatology increased the risk of victimization, whereas having better relationships with parents and stronger social support were associated with a lower risk of victimization. Children having strong peer relationships and social support was also associated with less risk of perpetrating bullying. Finally, having behavior problems at 8 years of age was associated with being a bully-victim. (4) Conclusions: The findings emphasize the importance of studying all bullying predictors together, regarding three of the roles children may take in bullying situations.

What do we Know about Bullying in Syrian Adolescent Refugees? A Cross Sectional Study from Turkey : (Bullying in Syrian Adolescent Refugees).

The aim of this study was to assess the bullying status of Syrian adolescent refugees in Turkey and identify factors that contribute to bullying. The adolescents aged between 12 and 16years and who live in Kilis as a Syrian refugee assessed between the dates 01.01.2019-01.01.2020. Currently, 119 children and adolescents were enrolled in the study. Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (present and life time version - K-SADS-PL) was applied by a specialist of child and adolescent psychiatry. The Sociodemographic Data Form, The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ) were used for assesment of children and adolescents. Of the study sample, 31 adolescents (27.1%) were diagnosed with at least one psychiatric disorder. The most prevalent psychiatric disorder was Other Specified Trauma and Stressor Related disorder (13.4%) and Post- traumatic stres disorder (6.7%). The prevalence of bullying and victimization was found as 58.9%. The boys group was significantly more likely to be bully and both victim and bully (p = 0.04, p = 0.001* respectively) compared to the girls group. Our results demonstrate that besides the past experiences related to war and immigration, the adolescent refugees experienced bullying consequences of being a refugee in Turkey.