Oleifera Aqueous Extract Research Articles

Impact of varying doses of Moringa leaf extract supplementation in the cryopreservation media on sperm quality, antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity of frozen-thawed buck spermatozoa

The current investigation was planned to evaluate the effect of Moringa leaves also called Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) aqueous extract on buck semen quality during cryopreservation, and its antimicrobial potential against the Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from the semen samples. Semen was collected from 8 Jakhrana bucks, and from each buck, 8 ejaculates were collected. Semen samples were subjected to bacteriological studies and pathogenic coli were isolated from semen samples. Then, various concentrations of M. oleifera extract were evaluated for its antimicrobial potential. Good quality semen samples were pooled during each collection. Pooled semen samples were then divided into 4 equal parts, and diluted in TRIS buffer containing different concentration of M. oleifera leaf aqueous extract (Different groups, i.e. T1-50 mg, T2-100 mg, T3-200 mg, C-0 mg of M. oleifera aqueous extract in 100 ml TRIS Buffer). Semen samples were evaluated for various sperm characteristics after cryopreservation. oleifera aqueous extract supplemented groups showed significant enhancement in sperm viability, sperm motility, acrosomal integrity and plasma membrane integrity. The treatment significantly reduced the lipid peroxidation in supplemented groups and M. oleifera extract shows the potent antimicrobial activity against the E. coli isolated from buck semen.

Antibacterial effect of Moringa oleifera on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from raw milk and some dairy products with special reference to biofilm gene expression.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) are well defined as food poisoning pathogens that are highly resistant and need continuous studies. The purpose of the work was to examine phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of both P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, and treatment trials with medicinal plants. Samples were examined for isolation of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus on selective media followed by biochemical confirmation, biofilm formation, genes detection, and expression of P. aeruginosa pslA biofilm gene was performed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction after treatment with 0.312 mg/ml Moringa oleifera aqueous extract as a minimum inhibitory concentration. The highest isolation rate of P. aeruginosa was 20% from both raw milk and Kariesh cheese, followed by 16% and 12% from ice cream and processed cheese, respectively, while the highest isolation rate of S. aureus was 36% from raw milk followed by 28% in ice cream and 16% in both Kariesh cheese and processed cheese. 30% of P. aeruginosa isolates were biofilm producers, while only 21% of S. aureus isolates were able to produce biofilm. The P. aeruginosa isolates harbor virulence-associated genes nan1, exoS, toxA, and pslA at 100%, 80%, 40%, and 40%, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus SEs genes were examined in S. aureus strains, where SEA and SEB genes were detected with 60%, but no isolate harbored SEC, SED, or SEE. The significant fold change of P. aeruginosa pslA expression was 0.40332 after treatment with M. oleifera aqueous extract. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and S. aureus harbor dangerous virulence genes that cause food poisoning, but M. oleifera extract could minimize their action.

Moringa oleifera decreases biomarkers of oxidative stress in a murine NASH model

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Moringa oleifera aqueous extract on biomarkers of oxidative stress in a murine model of NASH. The characterization of the extract was performed by DPPH and ABTS spectrophotometric assays. Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly separated into two groups. 1) Standard diet (ND) (n = 5) (18% lipid) and 2) High fat (HF) diet (n = 10) (60% lipid and 42 g/L sugar in water of use), for 16 weeks. At the end of eight weeks, five HF group mice were divided into a subgroup, 3) Moringa Oleifera (HF + MO), 290 mg/kg/day p.o. for eight weeks. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined in liver homogenates and the transcriptome by microarray. Differences between groups were determined by ANOVA/Kruskal-Wallis test. The trial was approved by the research ethics committee. Moringa aqueous extract showed antioxidant capacity; DPPH values were 10081.4 0.3 and 22960.4 0.3 for ABTS. Hepatic MDA levels were increased in the HF group compared to the ND group (p<0.05) and decreased in the moringa-treated group (p<0.05). In the transcriptome, mRNAs involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress were underexpressed. An increase in MDA has been demonstrated in a murine model of NAFLD induced by a high-fat diet. In our study, Moringa administration reduces MDA production and gene expression of molecules involved in oxidative stress. MO treatment is a therapeutic alternative for the NASH spectrum of liver disorders. The resources used in this study were from the hospital without any additional financing The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest.

Assessing the cytotoxic effect and antimicrobial activity of Moringa oleifera aqueous and ethanolic extract against oral pathogens extracted from periodontal and orthodontic patients

Background: Periodontitis is the result of inflammation caused due to the activity of microorganisms. The prevalence of anaerobic organisms is more when it comes to periodontal pockets and orthodontic patients. Plants with phytochemicals that could exert antimicrobial effects could aid in host modulation for management of periodontitis caused by these bacteria in periodontal and orthodontic patients Aim: To assess the antimicrobial effect of aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera Lam (MOL) and cytotoxic effect of aqueous and ethanol extracts of MOL. Materials and methods: Moringa oleifera Lam. extracts were prepared by maceration. Subgingival plaque samples were collected and microorganisms were cultured in anaerobic environment. The microorganisms were treated with the extracts and minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration was assessed. The cytotoxic effects were assessed by brine shrimp assay. Results: Aqueous extract showed antimicrobial effect in dose and time dependent manner and both extracts exhibited cytotoxic effects in a dose and time dependent manner Summary and Conclusion: The antimicrobial effect of MOL could be utilized to develop a nature derived local drug delivery system for treating plaque induced periodontitis in different clinical situations.

Moringa oleifera Improves MAFLD by Inducing Epigenetic Modifications.

Background and aims. Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of diseases from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Here, we investigated the hepatoprotective role of Moringa oleifera aqueous extract on hepatic miRNAs, genes and protein expression, as well as histological and biochemical parameters in an experimental model of NASH. Methods. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed with a high fat diet (HFD, 60% lipids, 42 gr/L sugar in water) for 16 weeks. Moringa extract was administered via gavage during the final 8 weeks. Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT) and HOMA-IR were calculated. Serum levels of insulin, resistin, leptin and PAI-1 and hepatic expression of miR-21a-5p, miR-103-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-34a-5p and SIRT1, AMPKα and SREBP1c protein were evaluated. Alpha-SMA immunohistochemistry and hematoxylin-eosin, Masson’s trichrome and sirius red staining were made. Hepatic transcriptome was analyzed using microarrays. Results. Animals treated with Moringa extract improved ITT and decreased SREBP1c hepatic protein, while SIRT1 increased. Hepatic expression of miR-21a-5p, miR-103-3p and miR-122-5p, miR34a-5p was downregulated. Hepatic histologic analysis showed in Moringa group (HF + MO) a significant decrease in inflammatory nodules, macro steatosis, fibrosis, collagen and αSMA reactivity. Analysis of hepatic transcriptome showed down expression of mRNAs implicated in DNA response to damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, lipid biosynthesis and insulin resistance. Moringa reduced insulin resistance, de novo lipogenesis, hepatic inflammation and ER stress. Conclusions. Moringa prevented progression of liver damage in a model of NASH and improved biochemical, histological and hepatic expression of genes and miRNAs implicated in MAFLD/NASH development.

Effects of Aqueous Extract of Moringa oleifera on Phenylhydrazine-induced Liver Toxicity in Wistar Rats

Moringa oleifera has been shown to have a variety of medicinal benefits, including hepatoprotective effects. Phenylhydrazine has been used to cause hepatotoxicity in experimental models. In this study, an aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera was used to evaluate the ameliorating properties of phenylhydrazine-induced liver damage by assessing liver enzymes and histoarchitecture employing twenty-five (25) mature Wistar rats were divided into five (5) groups. Group A received 1 ml distilled water, Group B received 50 mg/kg phenylhydrazine twice in 48 hours, Group C received 500 mg/kg body weight of Moringa oleifera aqueous extract for four (4) weeks, Group D received 50 mg/kg phenylhydrazine twice in 48 hours and 500 mg/kg body weight of Moringa oleifera aqueous extract for four (4) weeks, and Group E received 50 mg/kg of phenylhydrazine twice in forty-eight (48) hours and 70 mg/kg body weight of Silymarin for four (4) weeks. After the administration of phenylhydrazine, significant increases (P&lt;0.05) in the mean concentrations of liver enzymes (ALP, AST, ALT) and total protein were observed, whereas treatment with Moringa oleifera resulted in a reversal of those parameters to values comparable to the control and the standard drug - Silymarin. Overall, the results showed that Moringa oleifera aqueous extract had considerable hepatoprotective capability against phenylhydrazine-induced hepatotoxicity.

Effects of Moringa oleifera aqueous extract on the growth performance, blood characteristics, and histological features of gills and livers in Nile tilapia

Moringa oleifera is well known as a highly nutritious plant and a water purifier in fish culture. Tilapia fish has many impressive qualities making them very suitable for aquaculture. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementation of Moringa oleifera aqueous extract (MOAE) at varying concentrations (0, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg diet for 90 days) on growth performance, hematological, and some biochemical parameters of Nile tilapia. Additionally, histological changes and immunohistochemical expression of caspase 3 in gills and livers were evaluated. Significant enhancements (P < 0.05) in the final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, red blood cells, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, white blood cells, and total serum protein were observed in fish fed 200 mg MOAE/kg diet compared with other groups. However, a significant reduction (P < 0.05) of liver and kidney function tests and non-significant changes in lipid profile were recorded. On the other hand, fish fed 400 mg MOAE/kg diet revealed disturbance in the corresponding parameters. Severe histological degenerative changes were detected in the gills and liver of fish fed 400 mg MOAE/kg diet. In comparison, fish fed 200 mg MOAE/kg diet showed the best histo-architectures of these organs compared with other groups. Concomitant immune expressions of caspase 3 were determined where gills and liver of fish fed 400 mg MOAE/kg diet revealed extensive number of positive caspase 3 cells indicating severe apoptotic features. Accordingly, a dietary MOAE at 200 mg/kg diet is recommended to improve the growth performance, hematological parameters, liver and kidney functions in Nile tilapia. Meanwhile, caution must be considered when using MOAE at a concentration over 200 mg/kg diet.

Suppementation of Kelor Leaf (Moringa oleifera) Aqueous Extract Increase on Post-Thawed Limousin Bull Sperm Quality

The purpose of this research was to determine the best dosage of Moringa oleifera Aqueous extract in egg yolk skim milk extender for post thawed Limousin Bull sperm quality on aspect viability, and the level of. The treatment was divided into five groups: egg yolk and skim milk diluter (P0), 2,5% M. oleifera aqueous ekstract in 4 ml egg yolk skim milk (P1), 5% M. oleifera aqueous ekstract in 4 ml egg yolk skim milk (P2), 10% M. oleifera aqueous ekstract in 4 ml egg yolk skim milk (P3), 20% M. oleifera aqueous ekstract in 4 ml egg yolk skim milk (P4). The sperm quality was observed post thawing. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Duncant Test. The best sperm motility showed on P2 with 43b ± 5,70, the best sperm viability showed on P3 with 58,20b ± 8,72 and than the lowest level of malondialdehyde showed on P4 with 5,434a ± 1,034. In conclusion addition of M. oleifera on dose 10% can increase quality of Limousin Sperm Post Thawed.

Assessment of in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of biologically synthesized metal nanoparticles against pathogenic bacteria

The microbial infections due to biofilm forming bacterial pathogens are very common in human subjects. The intensive application of antibiotics in integrated disease management strategy has led to increased multidrug resistance incommon pathogens. Thus, indicating need of developing an alternative method for the control of these multidrug resistant pathogens. Present study involves the Moringa oleifera aqueous extract mediated biological synthesis of silver (Ag nanoparticles (NPs)- Avg. size 82.5 nm; zeta potential = −27.9 mV), copper oxide (CuONPs- Avg. size 61 nm; zeta potential = −19.3 mV), iron oxide (FeONPs- Avg. size 83.3 nm; zeta potential = −9.37 mV) and alumina (AlONPs- Avg. size 87.3 nm; zeta potential = −10.9 mV) nanoparticles. Biological nanoparticles were detected by visual observation, spectrophotometric detection followed by zeta potential analysis, nanoparticle tracking analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and X-ray diffraction analysis. Nanoparticles were further evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial potential, membrane damage effectiveness, biofilm inhibition activity by MTT assay. Nanoparticles were assessed against human pathogens viz. two Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis MTCC 441 and Staphylococcus haemolyticus MTCC 3383) and two Gram-negative bacteria (Enterobacter aerogenes MTCC 111 and Salmonella enterica ser. Typhi MTCC 8767). The nanoparticles exhibited akin activity pattern against all pathogens studied i.e. AgNPs > CuONPs > AlONPs > FeONPs. Tested nanoparticles registered lower MIC values and more intensified growth inhibition against Gram-negative bacteria compared to their Gram-positive counterparts. These results pointed out that the M. oleifera mediated nanoparticles can be prospectivelyutilized in the development of alternative antimicrobials against diverse bacterial infections.

Antioxidant and anti-Inflammation Potentials of Moringa oleifera Aqueous Extract Against breast cancer chemotherapy drug Induced Kidney and Liver Toxicity in Experimental Rats

Breast cancer is the most common causing death in women. Tamoxifen, 1-[4-(2-dimethyl-aminoethoxy) phenyl]-1,2-diphenyl-1-butene), is a nonsteroidal antiestrogen breast cancer prevention drug causing liver toxicity. This study was carried out to elucidate the efficacy of Moringa oleifera aqueous extract against carcinogenic effect of Tamoxifen in male rats. 50 male albino rats were divided equally into five groups: control group (I); Moringa oleifera aqueous group (II) of dose (300mg/Kg/day for 6 weeks); group (III) received Tamoxifen (3mg/Kg/3 days for 6 weeks); rats received orally Tamoxifen and Moringa oleifera aqueous extract together for 6 weeks group (IV) and rats pretreated with Moringa oleifera aqueous extract then Tamoxifen with the same dose and period group (V). In group (III) there were elevate in serum activities of ALT, AST, LDH, and serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, Il-10, cholesterol, TG, LDL, HDL, Urea, Creatinine also liver MDA; NO; ATPase. There were decrease in serum Total protein, Albumin and liver antioxidants markers (TAC and GSH) compared to control. In conclusion, oral administration of Moringa oleifera aqueous extract improved the biochemical markers and provided antioxidant activity against the toxicity of Tamoxifen in liver tissues.

Influence of Graded Dose of Moringa oleifera Seed Extract Administered Orally on Testicular Pathology, Gonadal and Extra Gonadal Sperm Reserves of Wistar Rats Experimentally Infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei

BACKGROUND: Moringa oleifera seeds are known for their high protein and vitamin content. Antioxidants are abundant in these seeds. Aqueous extraction was done. After that, an acute toxicity test was performed. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to see how a graded dose of M. oleifera aqueous seed extracts altered testicular pathology, gonadal and extragonadal sperm reserves in Wistar rats infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei. METHODS: The rats were A, B, C, D, and E were randomly assigned to five groups with group E serving as the control group. The rats in Groups A to D were inoculated intra-peritoneal with 1× 106 virulent T. brucei brucei, and they were held for one week to demonstrate clinical signs before starting the extract therapy. Every day at 10:00 a.m., the rats were given treatment for five weeks with (75, 100, 125, and 150) mg/kg of M. oleifera aqueous seed extract for groups A, B, C, and D respectively. While the control group E received 0.5 mL/kg of water. For hema-tological indices, blood samples were collected every Monday between 10:00 and 11:00 a.m. All of the rats were humanely sacrificed at the end of the six-week experiment, and their gonadal and extragonadal sperm stores were collected, tested, and processed for histopathology. RESULTS: After treatment, the rats' gonadal and extragonadal sperm reserves (groups A to E) showed a substantial increase (213±1.1a; 221±2.1; 250±0.0c; 259±2.6d; 295±2.6e) × 106 and (115±1.1; 160±2.1; 153±0.0; 167±2.6; 120±0.6) × 106 respectively, compared to control group at P < 0.05 level. Sperm concentration of the right epididy-mis (60.0±1.1a; 90.2±2.1b; 96.5±0.0c; 98.7±2.6d; 69.4±0.6e) × 106 were significantly higher compare to the left epididymis (55.0±1.1; 69.8±2.1; 56.5±0.0; 68.3±2.6; 50.6±0.6) × 106. The PCV (%) and WBC (103/μL) levels in groups A, B, and C were significantly greater following infection than that in group E. Infection with T. brucei at weeks 2 and 3 shows poor semen characteristics, thereafter the semen quality has improved. CONCLUSIONS: Moringa oleifera aqueous seeds extract has drastically abridged the impact of trypanosomosis and enhanced the semen quality of the experimental rats.

Immunomodulatory Effect of Moringa oleifera Lam. Aqueous Extract on the Burrowing Crab, Cardiosoma guanhumi (Latreille, 1828)

Moringa oleifera has impressive range of nutritional and medicinal values which when consumed have influence on hematological profile which is applied as an index of physiological condition of various organisms and thus provide information about the health status of local populations. The study aimed to determine the effects of M. oleifera aqueous leaves extract on the hematology, serum biochemical profile and antioxidant enzyme activities of the burrowing crab, Cardiosoma guanhumi. Thirty juveniles of C. guanhumi (Average weight 43.20±0.05 g) were tested, where six crabs were randomly selected and distributed per each tank (1 x 1x 0.6m3) of 1litre of water. Different diets containing M. oleifera aqueous extract at inclusion levels of 0.5 ml, 1.0 ml, 1.5 ml, 2.0 ml and control were used to feed the crabs. Total Haemocyte Count ranged between 2733.33±0.90 mL and 6350.00±0.60 mL; there were significant differences among the treatment groups (p &lt; 0.05). Haemocyte sub-population variables showed that crabs fed the control and 2.0ml M. oleifera kg-1 diet had increased in the granulocyte and monocyte populations but a decrease in the agranulocytes. The results of the serum enzymes showed an increase as the level of M. oleifera aqueous extract increases in the diet. Highest superoxide dismutase (75.43 ±21.25 min/mg pro) and catalase activities (2.96±0.18 min/mg pro), malondialdehyde (12.05±2.09 nmol/L) and glutathione concentrations (0.19 ±0.02 μmol/L) were recorded in crabs fed diet T4 (2.0ml M. oleifera kg-1), while the lowest were obtained in crabs fed control diet. The present study showed that the inclusion of M. oleifera aqueous extract up to 1.0ml kg-1 will have immunomodulatory performance on Cardiosoma guanhumi without any deleterious effect on the crab’s health status.&#x0D; Keywords: Hemato-Biochemicals, Land Crab, Lagos Lagoon, Plant Extract, Nigeria

Antimicrobial activity of polypyrrole nanoparticles and aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera against Staphylococcus spp. carriers of multi-drug efflux system genes isolated from dairy farms.

Our objectives were to identify genes of the multi-drug efflux system and to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of polypyrrole nanoparticles (PPy-NPs) and aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera against Staphylococcus spp. isolated from dairy farms in Northeast Brazil. Initially, 162 Staphylococcus spp. isolates were subjected to in vitro antimicrobial sensitivity tests. Of these, 35 presented antimicrobial multi-drug resistance phenotypes. These 35 isolates were then referred for the detection of norA, norB, norC, msrA, mgrA, tet-38, and lmrS genes, all of which feature in multi-drug efflux systems. In the isolates carrying the genes, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of PPy-NPs and Moringa oleifera aqueous extract were determined. In the molecular analysis of the 35 isolates norA, norC, tet-38, and msrA genes were detected and for the other genes norB, lmrS and mgrA there was no amplification. Antimicrobial activity was verified of PPy-NPs and aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera in Staphylococcus spp. carrying multi-drug efflux system genes. We concluded that there are multi-drug efflux system genes present in the Staphylococcus spp. from the agricultural environment in Northeast Brazil, and that aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera and PPy-NPs show bactericidal activity against these isolates.

Potentiality of Moringa oleifera aqueous extract as a growth modulator and antistress in acute hypoxic Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

This study aims to get a comprehensive evaluation of the growth promoting effects and the hypoxic stress relief potentiality of Moringa oleifera aqueous extracts. Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings were arbitrarily allocated into five duplicated fish groups (30 fish tank-1). The fish groups were labeled according to the M. oleifera aqueous extract dietary inclusion level (G1:G5). MOAE had fundamentally promoted tilapia growth. Serum total protein levels were considerably higher in the M. oleifera fed fish, whereas the levels of liver enzymes diminished significantly in G5 fish. Additionally, the dietary M. oleifera resulted in a noticeable hypoglycemic effect together with a pronounced decline in the antioxidant activities. The use of M. oleifera supplemented diet decreased the hypoxia-related stress as conveyed by the gradual descent in the serum cortisol levels of the hypoxic-stressed tilapia. This study proposes the potentiality of M. oleifera aqueous extract as a growth promoter, antistress and antioxidants. It also validates its safe application in commercial tilapia culture. Future study is required to comprehend the influence of this plant extract in relieving chronic stress and its possible toxic effect as well. Feasibility study for its commercial usage is required too.

Evaluation of Safety, Proximate and Efficacy of Graded Dose of Moringa oleifera Aqueous Seed Extract as Supplement That Improve Live-Body Weight and Scrotal Circumference in Yankasa Ram

Evaluation of Safety, Proximate and Efficacy of Graded Dose of Moringa oleifera Aqueous Seed Extract as Supplement That Improve Live-Body Weight and Scrotal Circumference in Yankasa Ram

Effect of Moringa oleifera Aqueous Extracts on the Physicochemical Characteristics, Microbiological quality and Biogenic Amines of Semi-dry Fermented Sausage

The main objective of the current study was to investigate the effect of Moringa oleifera leaves and seeds aqueous extracts on the physicochemical properties, microbiological quality and biogenic amines content of semi-dry fermented sausage during ripening process and storage at 4ºC for 3 months. Semi-dry fermented sausages were formulated by using M. oleifera leaves and seeds aqueous extracts at a rate of 1.5% in comparison to control. Incorporation of M. oleifera leaves aqueous extracts during the formulation of fermented sausage resulted in a significant (P&lt;0.05) decrease in pH, lipid oxidation and total volatile nitrogen content while significant (P&lt;0.05) increase in the lactic acid bacteria when compared with those formulated with seeds and control groups. However, the yeast, mold and biogenic amines content of sausages formulated with M. oleifera seeds aqueous extract were significantly (P&lt;0.05) lower than those formulated with leaves and the control. From this study, we can conclude that M. oleifera leaves aqueous extract exhibited potent antioxidant activity while that of seeds exhibited potent antimicrobial activity. Therefore, both M. oleifera extracts can be used as natural additives to improve the quality and safety of semi-dry fermented sausage.

Acetaminophen induces liver injury and depletes glutathione in mice brain: Prevention by Moringa oleifera extract

Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is among the leading causes of acute liver failure worldwide. Moringa oleifera is used as food additive and, as phytomedicine for its antioxidant, analgesic, anti-pyretic, anti-inflammatory, immuno-modulatory and hepatoprotective properties. The present study investigated the effect of Moringa oleifera aqueous extract on acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury and glutathione depletion in mice brain. Moringa oleifera leaf aqueous extract (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.), distilled water and ascorbic acid (50 mg/kg, p.o.) were administered to mice 1 and 12 h before acetaminophen (500 mg/kg, p.o.). Mice were sacrificed 6 h after APAP treatment. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) serum activities; malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrite liver level, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α or TNF) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) serum levels were assessed. Reduced glutathione (GSH) was evaluated in brain and liver tissues. Histological analyses of liver section were performed by hematoxylin/eosin (H&E) staining. APAP administration induced liver injury with significant (P < .01) depletion of liver and brain GSH level. ALT, ALP and AST serum activities (P < .05), MDA and nitrite liver content, TNF and IL-1β in the serum were increased (P < .05). Moringa oleifera extract significantly (P < .05) reduced liver injury, inhibiting ALT, AST and ALP serum activities. TNF and IL-1β serum levels, nitrite, and MDA liver content were significantly (P < .05) reduced by M. oleifera extract, compared to APAP-treated mice. GSH depletion in brain and liver was inhibited by M. oleifera extract. Histological injuries (vacuolization and inflammation) by acetaminophen were remarkably prevented by M. oleifera administration. Results of the present study revealed that M. oleifera leaf extract strongly protects mice against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity, exhibiting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The present results support ethnopharmacological uses of M. oleifera for the treatment of liver diseases.

Incubation period induced biogenic synthesis of PEG enhanced Moringa oleifera silver nanocapsules and its antibacterial activity

Human pathogenic diseases are on the rage in the list of enfeebling diseases globally. The endless quest to salvage these drug-resistant pathogens ravaging our system through various therapies still posts serious challenge. This study engaged a biogenic synthesis that is benign, facile, biocompatible, cost-effective and eco-friendly to synthesized silver nanocapsule (AgNCs) via Moringa oleifera aqueous extract under incubation control. The flavonoid-kaempferol, phenolic-chlorogenic acid and tannin components of MO acted as the potential stabilizing and reducing agent in the formation of AgNCs. The formulated AgNCs was further functionalized with PVA, PVP and PEG for biocompatibility and dispersion enhancement. Various characterization techniques were used to determine the properties of AgNCs formulated. The absorbance due to the color change was observed by the UV-Visible spectroscopy with surface plasmons resonance peak between 425 and 455 nm. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) shows the various functional group responsible for the biogenic synthesis of AgNCs. The X-ray spectroscopy analysis shows a single phase cubic structure of AgNCs formed. The Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image shows a rod-like nanocapsule of uniform grains. The antibacterial potency of AgNCs was proven against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Coliform). The AgNCs inhibited the growth of the three human pathogens with Coliform showing the highest activity to the AgNCs with a minimum inhibitory dose of 15 μg/mL. It is noteworthy that the bacterial strains show functional susceptibility to the AgNCs at lower concentrations compared to the conventional antibacterial drugs. Consequently, AgNCs serve as an enhanced substitute for the conventional antibacterial drugs in therapeutic biomedical field sequel to its pharmacodynamics against the bacterial strains.

Moringa oleifera Seeds Extract Activity on Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and Aeromonas hydrophyla Cells in Aquatic Microcosm

This study aimed to evaluate in microcosm condition, the survival of Aeromonas hydrophila and Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), in the presence of M. oleifera aqueous seeds extract at concentrations varying from 1 to 40 g/L, and under 4 °C and 23 °C incubation temperature. It has been noted that cell abundances decrease gradually with the increasing in the seeds extract concentration. However, a marked cells regrowth was sometimes noted. In monospecies cell incubation condition, under 4 °C, the EPEC cells inhibition percentages (CIP) values varied from 52.12 to 99.84%. Those of A. hydrophila varied from 13.2 to 96%. The lowest CIPs were noted at the extract concentration 1g/L for EPEC and A. hydrophila. The highest CIP value was registered at 10 and 40 g/L for EPEC and at 15 g/L for A. hydrophila. Under 23 °C incubation, the EPEC CIPs values varied from 74.04 to 99.9% and those of A. hydrophila varied from 21.2 to 97.8%. For E. coli, the lowest and the highest CIP were recorded at the extract concentration 1g/L and 30 g/L, respectively. In bispecies cells incubation condition, the CIPs were relatively different. These results show the potential exploitation of M. oleifera extracts in the microbiological treatment of potable water.

Improvements of alveolar bone healing using Moringa oleifera leaf powder and extract biomimetic composite: an experimental study in dogs

Alveolar ridge preservation techniques and biomaterials were extensively used in the past few years. The rate of new bone formation is the concept in healing sockets. The faster the rate the lesser the alveolar bone resorption. Resorption is fastened in the first three months after extraction. Wide range of biomaterials were available, the choice of an ideal material was confusing.Objective: Evaluate the effectiveness of both Moringa Oleifera (MO) leaf powder and extract mixture locally and MO leaf extract repeated injections in fresh extraction sockets of dog. Moreover, identifying bioactive phenolic compounds in dried leaves.Materials and Methods: Eight mongrel dogs were included in this study; two animals were used as control. Six test animals were divided into two groups according to biopsy time (3 and 5 weeks). Each of these groups includes three animals. All animals were subjected to extraction of the third premolar bilaterally, both sides of the test animals (the six) were treated with Moringa Oleifera leaf powder (0.7 gm) and water extract (1ml) mixture. The right side only was subjected to repeated injections of Moringa Oleifera leaf water extract (½ ml) for two times (1st week and 2nd week postoperatively for all groups). Trephine bur was used to take biopsy for the purpose of histopathologic examination by H&E and Masson Trichrome stain to quantify new bone formation, and number of inflammatory cells.Results: Bone area percent showed the highest mean value in the right side at 3 weeks and 5 weeks. ANOVA test revealed no significant difference between groups (P=0.43) at 3 weeks, while the difference was significant at 5 weeks (P=0.00). Mean inflammatory cells count were significantly higher mean value in control group at 3 weeks and 5 weeks (P=0.00). Conclusion: Two injections of moringa oleifera aqueous extract of 11.7% concentration improved bone area present significantly at 5 weeks and decreased inflammatory cells at all test periods.