Fatty Oleic Acid Research Articles

Performance, Meat Quality and Gene Expression of Grazing Lambs Supplemented with Macadamia Oil and Vitamin E

Macadamia oil has high concentrations of oleic and palmitoleic fatty acids, which can increase tissue sensitivity to insulin, improving glucose absorption efficiency, and reducing lipogenesis through gene modulation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of macadamia oil associated with vitamin E supplementation on performance, blood parameters, meat quality and sensory characteristics, meat fatty acid profile, and expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism in grazing lambs. The experimental treatments were control diet (Control), Control + 0.1% of body weight of macadamia oil (MO), MO + 745 IU of vitamin E/dry matter (MOVE). Macadamia oil improved feed efficiency, reflecting a lower dry matter intake, as the average daily weight gain did not differ from Control. Meat quality parameters were not affected by macadamia oil or vitamin E supplementation. Supplementation with macadamia oil improved meat appearance, flavor, and overall liking. Supplementation with macadamia oil provided a higher proportion of C18:3 n3 and a lower proportion of CLA. The expression of SREBP-1c, PPAR-α, SCD1, and ELOVL6 genes were not modified with the supplementation of macadamia oil and vitamin E. In conclusion, supplementation with macadamia oil improves feed efficiency and meat quality; and the inclusion of 745 IU of vitamin E/kg of dry matter for grazing lambs reduces 36% of lipid oxidation of the meat.

In isolated brown adipose tissue mitochondria, UCP1 is not essential for - nor involved in - the uncoupling effects of the classical uncouplers FCCP and DNP

Recent patch-clamp studies of mitoplasts have challenged the traditional view that classical chemical uncoupling (by e.g. FCCP or DNP) is due to the protonophoric property of these substances themselves. These studies instead suggest that in brown-fat mitochondria, FCCP- and DNP-induced uncoupling is mediated through activation of UCP1 (and in other tissues by activation of the adenine nucleotide transporter). These studies thus advocate an entirely new paradigm for the interpretation of standard bioenergetic experiments.To examine whether these patch-clamp results obtained in brown-fat mitoplasts are directly transferable to classical isolated brown-fat mitochondria studies, we investigated the effects of FCCP and DNP in brown-fat mitochondria from wildtype and UCP1 KO mice, comparing the FCCP and DNP effects with those of a fatty acid (oleate), a bona fide activator of UCP1.Whereas the sensitivity of brown-fat mitochondria to oleate was much higher in UCP1-containing than in UCP1 KO mitochondria, there was no difference in sensitivity to FCCP and DNP between these mitochondria, neither in oxygen consumption rate nor in membrane potential studies. Correspondingly, the UCP1-dependent ability of GDP to competitively inhibit activation by oleate was not seen with FCCP and DNP.It would thus be premature to abandon the established bioenergetic interpretation of chemical uncoupler effects in classical isolated brown-fat mitochondria—and probably also generally in this type of mitochondrial study. Understanding the molecular and structural reasons for the different outcomes of mitoplast and mitochondrial studies is a challenging task.

The novel TFEB agonist desloratadine ameliorates hepatic steatosis by activating the autophagy-lysosome pathway.

The autophagy-lysosome pathway plays an essential role in promoting lipid catabolism and preventing hepatic steatosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Transcription factor EB (TFEB) enhances the autophagy-lysosome pathway by regulating the expression of genes related to autophagy and lysosome biogenesis. Therefore, targeting TFEB provides a novel strategy for the treatment of lipid metabolic diseases. In this study, the antiallergic drug desloratadine was screened and identified as a novel TFEB agonist. Desloratadine effectively induced translocation of TFEB to the nucleus and promoted autophagy and lysosome biogenesis. Desloratadine-induced TFEB activation was dependent on AMPK rather than mTORC1. Moreover, desloratadine treatment enhanced clearance of lipid droplets in cells induced by fatty acids oleate and palmitate. Furthermore, high-fat diet (HFD) induced obesity mouse model experiments indicated treatment with desloratadine markedly reduced the body weight of HFD-fed mice, as well as the levels of hepatic triglycerides and total cholesterol, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase. Oil red O staining showed the liver fat was significantly reduced after desloratadine treatment, and H&E staining analysis demonstrated hepatocellular ballooning was improved. In addition, autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis was stimulated in the liver of desloratadine treated mice. Altogether, these findings demonstrate desloratadine ameliorates hepatic steatosis through activating the TFEB-mediated autophagy-lysosome pathway, thus desloratadine has an exciting potential to be used to treat fatty liver disease.

Long-chain fatty acids block allergic reaction against lipid transfer protein Sola l 7 from tomato seeds.

Due to the benefits of tomato as an antioxidant and vitamin source, allergy to this vegetable food is a clinically concerning problem. Sola l 7, a class I lipid transfer protein found in tomato seeds, has been identified as an allergen linked to severe anaphylaxis. However, the role of lipid binding in Sola l 7-induced allergy remains unclear. Here, the three-dimensional structure of recombinant Sola l 7 (rSola l 7) has been elucidated using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Its interaction with free fatty acids has been deeply studied; fluorescence emission spectroscopy revealed that different long-chain fatty acids interact with the protein, affecting the only tyrosine residue present in Sola l 7. On the contrary, no changes in the overall secondary structure were observed after the analysis of the circular dichroism spectra in the presence of fatty acids. Unsaturated oleic and linoleic fatty acids presented higher affinity and promoted more significant changes than saturated or short-chain fatty acids. 1H-15N HSQC NMR spectra allowed to determine the regions of the protein that were modified when rSola l 7 interacts with the fatty acids, suggesting epitope modification after the interaction. For corroboration, IgG and IgE binding to rSola l 7 were assessed in the presence of free fatty acids, revealing that both IgE and IgG binding were significantly lower than in their absence, suggesting a potential protective role of unsaturated fatty acids in tomato allergy.

Lipid Marker ESI-MS Method for Quantification of Adulteration in Almond-Based Vegetable Beverage

ABSTRACT Almond-based beverages are valued for their functionalities. However, cases of adulteration are found in the literature aiming to reduce costs. In this study, almond (LA) and peanut (LP)-based beverages were used as investigational controls in commercial products analyzed by gas chromatography and direct infusion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) combined with principal component analysis (PCA). Thus, characteristic fatty acids were identified in plant-based beverages. The ESI-MS method combined with PCA indicated individualities regarding the disposition of triacylglycerol (TAG) composition, as higher intensities of TAG were found as a lipid marker at m/z 919 [TAG+NH4]+ of ions formed by arachidic (20:0), 8/heptadecenoic (17:1n-9) and oleic (18:1n-9) fatty acids in LP. The technique demonstrated efficiency in the detection of fraud due to its sensitivity, identifying peanut content in three almond-based commercial beverages (4.4–11.58%). This study highlights the importance of robust analytical methods to the authenticity and quality of food products.

Differently processed Sri Lankan traditional rice as a source of oleic, linoleic, and other fatty acids

Differently processed Sri Lankan traditional rice as a source of oleic, linoleic, and other fatty acids

Artisanal Cream Cheese Fermented with Kefir Grains

This is the first study that investigates the effect of kefir with an emphasis on the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) during the fermentation process in food products. The products developed and characterized were an artisanal cream cheese without cream and one with added cream, and for the analysis of the fatty acid profile, both cream cheeses were compared with commercial cream cheese. The artisanal cream cheese had a high amount of lactic acid bacteria characterizing the product formed by Lactobacilli and a low concentration of lactose due to the fermentation process. Compared to commercial cream cheese, our products without and with added cream had a higher concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially butyric acid, which is important for the health of the gastrointestinal tract, omega 3, and oleic fatty acid, which has been associated with the prevention and control of some diseases. Overall, the artisanal cream cheese cream with fermented cream with kefir grains is a functional product with an innovative character compared to current products on the market and was well accepted by the younger public. This new product comes as an option for those who need to change their eating habits and maintain a healthy lifestyle.

Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Natural Compounds from Capuchin (Tropaeolum majus) Leaves and Seeds

This study investigated the supercritical CO2 extraction of oils from capuchin (Tropaeolum majus) seeds (4.34% moisture content) and leaves (5.26% moisture content) and analyzed the effects of varying temperature and pressure conditions. The extraction yields were 3% for the seeds and 2% for the leaves. The seed extracts were rich in oleic, linoleic, and palmitic fatty acids, whereas the leaf extracts contained a high concentration of octacosanol (73.37%). Kinetic analysis revealed distinct mass transfer mechanisms during extraction, and the Sovová model effectively described the extraction kinetics, showing good agreement with experimental data (ADD% < 4%). An analysis of variance (ANOVA) demonstrated the impact of temperature and pressure on the yields, with temperature being the most influential factor. The experimental conditions ranged from 22 to 28 MPa and from 313.15 to 333.15 K. This study contributes to the understanding of capuchin oil extraction and its potential applications in various fields, owing to the presence of bioactive compounds.

Study of Lipid Accumulation from Chlorococcum Microalga for Biodiesel Conversion

Microalgae-derived biodiesel seems to be a viable substitute for petroleum-based transportation fuels as a renewable biofuel. Raising the lipid content of microalgal strains may therefore provide a low-cost second-generation feedstock for the synthesis of biodiesel. Chlorococcum growth and lipid accumulation were investigated under a range of culture conditions, including CO2 concentration, temperature, and nitrate concentrations. The lipid content increased significantly by 33.1 ± 0.28% of dry cell weight in N-/30 ºC/CO2 cultivation in Bristol medium. The highest biomass productivity was achieved at 30ºC when there was adequate nitrogen and CO2 supplementation (N+/30 oC/CO2). Gas chromatography was employed to determine the proper ratio of fatty acids. The biomass of chlorococcum shows great potential as a feedstock for the manufacture of biodiesel since it is mostly composed of oleic and linoleic fatty acids.

Зміни жирнокислотного складу проростків кукурудзи за впливу мікробіологічного комплексу

Orientation of agricultural production to ecological expediency leads to interest in the use of microbial preparations that are able to increase the resistance of plants to negative environmental factors and activate germination processes. This study was conducted with the aim to investigate the influence of a microbiological complex on the sowing properties of seeds and the fatty acid composition of seedlings of different breeding samples of corn. Methods. Corn seeds of two lines 1-Ak026 and 2-Ak033 and their simple interline hybrid, which is the parent component of the three-line hybrid NUBiSe included in the State Register of plant varieties suitable for distribution in Ukraine, were used for the research. Seed inoculation was carried out with a microbial complex, which contained biological preparations Sporazyn, Avercom, and Phytovit. Seedlings from the seeds of the corresponding corn samples not treated with the microbial complex served as controls. The fatty acid composition of lipids was determined in the biological material of corn seedlings of different variants of the experiment. The Folch method was used to extract fats from plant material. Hydrolysis and methylation of fatty acids of lipids obtained from corn seedlings was carried out according to DSTU ISO 5509-2002. Fatty acids were detected and identified by gas chromatography. The quantity of fatty acids was calculated by the method of internal normalization in percentages. Results. The influence of the microbiological complex on the quantitative and qualitative composition of fatty acids of the lipid complex of corn seedlings was established, which depended on the breeding sample. In the process of research, 22 fatty acids were detected and quantitatively identified in corn seedlings. In the seedlings of lines 1-Ak033 and 2-Ak033, 20 and 19 of them were found, respectively, and in the hybrid – 18. The highest percentage content (more than 90 %) was revealed for palmitic (C16:0), oleic (C18:1n9c), and linoleic (C18:2ω6c) fatty acids. The use of the microbial complex made it possible to detect the fatty acids in line 1 and the hybrid that were not detected in the samples without inoculation. Conclusions. The study of the fatty acid composition of the microbial preparation Sporazyn revealed the highest content of unsaturated fatty acids (67.47 %) and the ratio of saturated to unsaturated (0.48). The use of microbiological preparations on corn seeds increased the activity of the germination processes, which led to the improvement of sowing properties and changes in the fatty acid composition of the lipid complex of seedlings of various breeding forms of Zea mays.

Oleochemical Synthesis of Sucrose Esters from Methyl Esters of Palm Stearic and Oleic Fatty Acids

Abstract Palm oil contains fatty acids such as stearic ranges from 3.40 – 5.47% and oleic ranges from 34.85 – 40.78% which can be used as materials for the synthesis of sucrose ester. This study aimed to increase and optimize the potential of palm oil raw materials through the oleochemical synthesis of sucrose ester. The process of sucrose ester synthesis consisted of two stages, i.e., the esterification process of fatty acids into methyl esters and the transesterification process of fatty acid methyl esters with sucrose to become sucrose esters. Esterification of stearic and oleic fatty acids was performed using H2SO4 catalyst and methanol as a solvent. Transesterification of sucrose with stearic and oleic methyl esters was performed using two types of catalysts K2CO3 6% and Na2CO3 6%, without solvents. The results showed that sucrose ester made from stearic acid methyl ester with K2CO3 catalyst tended to achieve better performance and physicochemical properties as follows: pH ranged from 10.29 – 10.45, foam stability ranged from 55.497 – 88.082%, emulsion stability ranged from 40.211 – 78.435%, surface tension ranged from 25.4 – 27.60 dyne/cm, and interfacial tension ranged from 9.69 – 10.91dynes/cm.

Palmitate and group B Streptococcus synergistically and differentially induce IL-1β from human gestational membranes.

Rupture of the gestational membranes often precedes major pregnancy complications, including preterm labor and preterm birth. One major cause of inflammation in the gestational membranes, chorioamnionitis (CAM) is often a result of bacterial infection. The commensal bacterium Streptococcus agalactiae, or Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a leading infectious cause of CAM. Obesity is on the rise worldwide and roughly 1 in 4 pregnancy complications is related to obesity, and individuals with obesity are also more likely to be colonized by GBS. The gestational membranes are comprised of several distinct cell layers which are, from outermost to innermost: maternally-derived decidual stromal cells (DSCs), fetal cytotrophoblasts (CTBs), fetal mesenchymal cells, and fetal amnion epithelial cells (AECs). In addition, the gestational membranes have several immune cell populations; macrophages are the most common phagocyte. Here we characterize the effects of palmitate, the most common long-chain saturated fatty acid, on the inflammatory response of each layer of the gestational membranes when infected with GBS, using human cell lines and primary human tissue. Palmitate itself slightly but significantly augments GBS proliferation. Palmitate and GBS co-stimulation synergized to induce many inflammatory proteins and cytokines, particularly IL-1β and matrix metalloproteinase 9 from DSCs, CTBs, and macrophages, but not from AECs. Many of these findings are recapitulated when treating cells with palmitate and a TLR2 or TLR4 agonist, suggesting broad applicability of palmitate-pathogen synergy. Co-culture of macrophages with DSCs or CTBs, upon co-stimulation with GBS and palmitate, resulted in increased inflammatory responses, contrary to previous work in the absence of palmitate. In whole gestational membrane biopsies, the amnion layer appeared to dampen immune responses from the DSC and CTB layers (the choriodecidua) to GBS and palmitate co-stimulation. Addition of the monounsaturated fatty acid oleate, the most abundant monounsaturated fatty acid in circulation, dampened the proinflammatory effect of palmitate. These studies reveal a complex interplay between the immunological response of the distinct layers of the gestational membrane to GBS infection and that such responses can be altered by exposure to long-chain saturated fatty acids. These data provide insight into how metabolic syndromes such as obesity might contribute to an increased risk for GBS disease during pregnancy.

PSIII-15 Effect of dietary fatty acids composition on growth performance, fecal consistency, and plasma fatty acid profile of weaned pigs

Abstract Dietary lipids are an important source of energy and fatty acids (FA), which have critical roles in mucosal immune responses, epithelial barrier functions, and overall intestinal development. Therefore, including fat in nursery pig diets can be used as a nutritional strategy to optimize pig growth performance and intestinal health after weaning. This study evaluated the effects of two different dietary fatty acid compositions derived from conventional soybean oil (CSO) and/or high oleic soybean oil (HOSO) supplementation on growth performance, fecal consistency, and plasma FA profile of weaned pigs. A total of 208 weaned pigs (body weights = 4.96 ± 0.8 kg) were used in a randomized complete block design and allotted to 16 pens of 13 pigs each. Experimental diets met NRC (2012) requirements and were provided in a 3-phase nursery feeding program: Phase 1 (d 0-d7), Phase 2 (d 8-d21), and Phase 3 (d 22-d42). Pens were assigned to one of two dietary treatments consisting of two dietary FA compositions derived from the supplementation of 3% of either CSO (20% Oleic acid; 50% Linoleic acid; 6% Linolenic acid) or HOSO (44% Oleic acid; 30% Linoleic acid; 3% Linolenic acid). Feed disappearance and body weight were measured at d 0, 21, and 42. Pen fecal score was assigned daily from d 0 to 21 and then 3 times per week until d 42. Blood samples were collected on d 21 (2 pigs/pen) for plasma FA profile analysis. Performance data were analyzed using T-TEST and fecal score using PROC FREQ procedures of SAS. From d 0 to 21, pigs fed CSO supplemented diets had a greater (P ≤ 0.05) body weight (8.6 vs. 7.4 kg) and daily gain (0.17 vs. 0.12 kg). In addition, daily feed intake and feed efficiency tended to be 23% and 16% greater in CSO-fed pigs, respectively. From d 21 to d 42, there were no differences between dietary treatments for growth performance. Overall nursery period, pigs fed CSO had greater (P ≤ 0.1) daily gain than HOSO pigs (0.34 vs. 0.30 kg). Pigs fed CSO had a greater (P ≤ 0.05) plasma concentration of palmitic, linoleic, and linolenic FA while pigs fed HOSO had a greater (P ≤ 0.05) plasma concentration of palmitoleic and oleic FA. There were no differences in fecal scores in wk 1 and 2. However, pigs fed CSO had less incidence of soft and watery feces (χ2 < 0.1) in wk 3 to 6. In conclusion, a greater dietary content of linoleic and linolenic FA promoted pig growth performance and reduced incidence of diarrhea after weaning compared with greater content of oleic FA.

Abstract 3058: Cofilin 1 Mediates Fatty Acid-induced Foam Cell Formation And Inflammation In Mouse Bone Marrow-derived Macrophages

Background: Macrophages contribute to the development of atherosclerosis, in part through the accumulation of lipid droplets and subsequent transformation into highly inflammatory, lipid laden foam cells. Our previous work suggested that the RAGE/DIAPH1 axis plays a key role in regulating lipid metabolism, as deletion of Diaph1 in hepatocytes reduced nuclear translocation of SREBP1 through the actin cytoskeleton. Cofilin 1 (CFL1) is an actin polymerization molecule which has also been linked to the nuclear translocation of SRBP1, as well as triglyceride synthesis through activation of phospholipase D1. In the aforementioned study by our group, Diaph1 deletion was found to increase the Serine 3 phosphorylation (i.e., inactivation) of Cfl1 . Hypothesis: Accordingly, we hypothesized that CFL1 plays a role in lipid droplet accumulation in macrophages, potentially increasing the risk of atherosclerotic development. Methods: To investigate its role in macrophage lipid handling, we silenced Cfl1 in bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) extracted from male C57BL/6J mice, using silencing RNAs and scramble controls. BMDMs were treated with a mixture of fatty acids palmitate and oleate (250 uM). The effects of Cfl1 knockdown on lipid accumulation were assessed using immunohistochemical staining (Bodipy). Quantitative (q)PCR was used to interrogate the mechanisms underlying these effects, and their impact on inflammation. Results: Cfl1- silenced (75% knockdown shown by qPCR) vs. scramble cells exhibited a significant decrease in the ratio of Bodipy to DAPI % area (p=0.0001). By qPCR, compared to scramble controls, BMDMs subjected to silencing of Cfl1 and incubated with fatty acids (palmitate-oleate) displayed significantly lower mRNA expression of Cd36 (p=0.0018) ; Ppargc1a (p=0.004) , Il6 (p<0.0001), and Tnfa (p=0.013). Conclusions: Our results indicate that silencing of Cfl1 leads to a decrease in lipid accumulation and markers of inflammation in BMDMs. Collectively, our data suggest that the effects of Cfl1 silencing on lipid handling result from decreased fatty acid uptake, which limits fatty acid oxidation on account of fatty acid availability in the cell. Studies are underway to probe the implications of these findings in atherosclerosis.

Registration of FloRun ‘T61’ peanut

AbstractFloRun ‘T61’ (Reg. no. CV‐159, PI 700039) is a high‐oleic, runner market‐type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) cultivar developed by the University of Florida Agricultural Experiment Station, North Florida Research and Education Center, near Marianna, FL. It resulted from a cross between ‘Georiga‐06G’ and a University of Florida Agricultural Experiment Station experimental line ‘UF12302’ and was tested under the experimental designation UF11 × 41‐HO1‐4‐1‐1 and was approved for release in 2021. FloRun ‘T61’ has a semi‐prostrate growth habit, with moderate vine size and a prominent center stem. The seed is smaller than seed of Georgia‐06G but larger than FloRun ‘331’ (67.3 g vs. 64.6 g; P < 0.0001). It yielded similarly to FloRun ‘331’ over the 4‐year period of 2017–2020 in three Florida locations (7862 kg ha−1 vs. 8068 kg ha−1), and its pod yield was slightly greater than Georgia‐06G during the 5‐year period of 2016–2020 (7680 kg ha−1 vs. 7273 kg ha−1; P = 0.0137). The total sound mature kernel grade of FloRun ‘T61’ was slightly greater than that of FloRun ‘331’ (78.6% vs. 77.7%, P < 0.025) but was similar to the total sound mature kernel grade of Georgia‐06G. FloRun ‘T61’ has high oleic oil chemistry composed of 77.1% oleic fatty acid versus 58.7% for Georgia‐06G in 2020 (P < 0.001) and 79.2% in 2021 compared with 65.7% for Georgia‐06G (P < 0.001). Over 5 years, the spotted wilt ratings of FloRun ‘T61’ (2.5) were less than for FloRun ‘331’ (4.8; P < 0.01). In summary, FloRun ‘T61’ combines excellent yield, grade, disease, and oil chemistry traits and should be beneficial to farmers and manufacturers of peanut foods.

Characterization of flavor-related compounds and sensory profiles of four fermented fish products prepared from silver rasbora (Rasbora argyrotaenia) and anchovy (Stolephorus sp.)

Fermented fish products are grouped into salt and salt-carbohydrate types based on the fermentation substrate. A series of biochemical reactions on the substrate affects the flavor characteristics of the resulting products. This study compared the amino acids, fatty acids, and volatile compound profiles of four fermented fish products: bekasam, rusip, fish paste, and fish sauce made from silver rasbora and anchovy. The quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) was carried out to determine the sensory profiles of those products. The results indicated that rusip and bekasam, which belong to salt-carbohydrate fermented fish, were characterized as high in arginine, stearic, capric, and oleic acid, with ketones, lactones, and fatty acid derivative compounds dominating their flavor profiles. The flavor profile of fish paste was characterized by high concentrations of aldehydes such as 3- methylbutanal and hexanal, whereas that of fish sauce was characterized by large concentrations of pyrazine and aromatic compounds. Based on the findings of the QDA, no significant difference was observed within the sensory variables of fish sauce and fish paste prepared from anchovy and silver rasbora, indicating that both fish are equally usable as raw materials. Whereas different saltiness was identified in both rusip and bekasam prepared from anchovy and rasbora. The results of PCA on QDA data separated fermented fish type 1 from the type 2. Fermented fish type 1 was more correlated with umami and sweet taste, while type 2 was correlated with fishy, salty, sour, and astringent taste. The result is useful as a basis for further product development and quality control.

HO-CR and HOLL-CR: new forms of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) with altered fatty acid composition and resistance to selected pathotypes of Plasmodiophora brassicae (clubroot)

The priority in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) research and breeding programs worldwide is to combine different features to develop cultivars tailored to specific applications of this crop. In this study, forms with a modified fatty acid composition of seed oil were successfully combined with a source of resistance to Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor., a harmful protist-causing clubroot. Three HO-type recombinants in F6–F12 generations with oleic acid content of 80.2–82.1% and one HOLL-type F6 inbred mutant recombinant (HOmut × LLmut), with a high oleic acid content (80.9%) and reduced linolenic acid content (2.3%), were crossed with the cultivar Tosca, resistant to several pathotypes of P. brassicae. The work involved genotyping with the use of DNA markers specific for allelic variants of desaturase genes responsible for the synthesis of oleic and linolenic fatty acids, CAPS (FAD2 desaturase, C18:1), and SNaPshot (FAD3 desaturase, C18:3), respectively. Of 350 progenies in the F3 generation, 192 (55%) were selected for further studies. Among them, 80 HO (≥ 72%) lines were identified, 10 of which showed resistance to at least one up to four P. brassicae pathotypes. Thirty lines in the selected progeny contained high oleic acid and less than 5% linolenic acid; eight of them belonged to the HOLL type conferring resistance to at least one pathotype. Two HO lines and two HOLL lines were resistant to four pathotypes. The resulting HO-CR and HOLL-CR inbred lines with altered seed oil fatty acid composition and resistance to P. brassicae represent unique oilseed rape material with the desired combination of valuable traits.

Physicochemical composition, centesimal, and phytochemical profile of umbu seed flour (Spondias tuberosa Arruda)

This study aimed to investigate the nutritional potential of umbu (Spondias tuberosa Arruda) seed flours. This was an experimental study. The seeds of the umbu fruit were subjected to an oven-drying process in order to obtain the flour. Subsequently, the analysis of the centesimal composition, physicochemical, mineral, and fatty acid profile, microbiological investigation, and the screening of bioactive phytochemicals of the umbu seed flours in hydroethanolic extracts were carried out. A completely randomized design (CID) was used, with three replications, and the results were expressed as means followed by standard deviation. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out, and the Tukey’s test was applied at a 5% probability level. It was possible to obtain flour from umbu seeds. It was observed that they contained significant amounts of insoluble dietary fiber (80.9 ± 0.55a g.100-1), protein (6.95 ± 0.10a g.100-1), and lipids (5.54 ± 1.13a g.100-1). The minerals present included zinc (1.87 ± 0.05b mg.100 g-1), manganese (14.36 ± 0.34c mg.100 g-1), and calcium (104.79 ± 0.92c mg.100 g-1). The flours had high levels of oleic monounsaturated fatty acids (33.10 ± 0.13a g.100-1), linoleic polyunsaturated fatty acids (38.06 ± 0.06b g.100-1), and palmitic saturated fatty acids (19.1 ± 0.04b g.100-1), in addition to considerable levels of phenolic compounds (276.21 ± 14.01a mg.g-1 GAE) and flavonoids (891.09 ± 9.01ª mg.g-1 rutin), with satisfactory sanitary conditions for Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Bacillus cereus molds, and yeasts. This study suggests that umbu seed meals can be considered relevant sources of dietary fiber, minerals, and natural antioxidants.

Muscle biopsy long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid compositions, IMF and FMP in Australian pasture-based Bowen Genetics Forest Pastoral Angus, Hereford, and Wagyu Beef Cattle

BackgroundWe investigated breed and gender variations in the compositions of long-chain (≥ C20) omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC omega-3 PUFA), fat melting point (FMP) and intramuscular fat (IMF) contents in biopsy samples of the M. longissimus dorsi muscle of grazing beef cattle. The hypothesis that biopsy compositions of health-beneficial LC omega-3 PUFA, FMP and IMF in a pasture-based production system will vary with breed, was tested. Muscle biopsies were taken from 127 yearling pasture-based Angus, Hereford, and Wagyu heifers and young bulls exclusive to the Australian Bowen Genetics Forest Pastoral breeding stud averaging 12 ± 2.43 months of age and under the same management routine.ResultsBreed had a significant influence on IMF, FMP, and the compositions of oleic acid, α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA), docosahexaenoic (DHA), docosapentaenoic (DPA), and total EPA + DHA + DPA in the M. longissimus dorsi muscle biopsies (P ≤ 0.03). The Wagyu breed had the highest (11.1%) and Hereford the lowest (5.9%) IMF (P = 0.03). The reverse trend was observed in FMP values where the Hereford breed had the highest (55 °C), Angus intermediate (46.5 °C), and Wagyu the lowest (33 °C) FMP. The Wagyu and Angus breeds had similar oleic fatty acid (18:1n-9) content, while the Hereford breed had the lowest (P < 0.01). The highest ALA, DPA, total EPA + DHA, total EPA + DHA + DPA and total ALA + EPA + DHA + DPA contents were detected in the Wagyu breed (P ≤ 0.03). The Hereford had similar EPA and DPA contents to the Angus (P ≥ 0.46). Total EPA + DHA + DPA contents in Wagyu, Angus, and Hereford were 28.8, 21.5, and 22.1 mg/100g tissue (P = 0.01), respectively. Sex was an important source of variation that influenced LC omega-3 PUFA composition, FMP and IMF, where yearling heifers had higher IMF (11.9% vs 5.3%), lower FMP (33°C vs 37°C), and higher LC omega-3 PUFA than bulls.ConclusionAll the results taken together indicate that the Wagyu breed at 28.8 mg/100g tissue, was the closest to meeting the Australia and New Zealand recommended source level threshold of 30 mg/100g tissue of health-beneficial ≥ C20 omega-3 FA content. Since gender was a significant determinant of LC omega-3 PUFA composition, IMF content and FMP, it should be factored into enhancement strategies of healthy meat eating quality traits in grazing cattle. These findings also suggest that the Bowen Genetics Forest Pastoral beef cattle studs are important sources of LC omega-3 PUFA that can be used to cover the deficit in these health claimable fatty acids in Western diets.

Cladophora fracta var. intricata’nın Yağ Asitleri, Vitamin ve Antioksidan Özellikleri

In this study investigations of the fatty acids, vitamins and antioxidant properties of cultured (CFI) Cladophora fracta var. intricata. CFI was isolated from benthic habitats of the Tokat Yeşilırmak River (Tokat) and axenic cultured. According to the antioxidant analysis results, a dose-dependent activity was observed in CFI in terms of DPPH free radical scavenging activity, FRAP and TEAC reducing power, but it was not found to be significant as it remained above IC50 values. In CFI, C14:0 Myristic acid, C16:0 Palmitic acid and C16:1 Palmitoleic acid, C18: 1 N9C Oleic fatty acids and vitamins A, C, E were found to be high. According to antioxidant analysis results, CFI was found to be notable for the use of its fatty acid and vitamin values in food and pharmaceutical. Since it has low contamination properties, the algal taxon examined can be easily used in culture media.