Polybutylene succinate (PBS) is an excellent biodegradable resin with good processability and toughness. The inherent hydrophobicity of this material makes it unique for the preparation of oil-water separation materials. In this paper, PBS foams with high hydrophobicity were prepared by the non-solvent induced phase separation (TINIPS) method using N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as a good solvent and anhydrous ethanol as a non-solvent. The effect of PBS concentration on the wettability and micro-morphology of this foam was experimentally investigated. The results showed that the foam had an optimal microporous structure with a water contact angle as high as 145° when the concentration of PBS was 30 %. It was further found that the saturated adsorption capacity of the foam was 5.55–12.39 times its mass and remained strong after 10 adsorption tests. Finally, the environmental adaptability of foams had been studied. The foams maintained their superhydrophobic and oil-absorbing properties in the presence of strong acids, strong bases, saturated sodium chloride solutions, and repeated abrasion. In addition, with the help of a pump-assisted adsorption device, oil-water mixtures can be separated continuously and quickly. This showed that the material had a broad application prospect in oil-water separation.