Development Of Oil Palm Plantations Research Articles

History and development of large-scale oil palm plantations of PT BPK and PT GKG in West Kalimantan

History and development of large-scale oil palm plantations of PT BPK and PT GKG in West Kalimantan

Analysis of The Utilization of Palm Oil Liquid Waste (POME) as A Biogas Power Plant at Palm Oil Mill Bandar Pasir Mandoge

The development of oil palm plantations in Indonesia is so rapid. Palm oil produces liquid waste in the form of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME). POME waste, if left untreated, will result in environmental pollution, especially in aquatic ecosystems. The Pasir Mandoge Biogas Power Plant (BPP) is a power plant built by PTPN IV Bandar Pasir Mandoge which utilizes POME waste which is the product of the Pasir Mandoge Palm Oil Mill into a new and renewable energy source in the PTPN IV Bandar Pasir Mandoge area. This study aims to determine the process of utilizing POME waste as a Biogas Power Plant at the Palm Oil Mill Bandar Pasir Mandoge as well as the amount of POME waste and biogas volume needed to produce 1,1 x 2 MW of power. This research uses a qualitative approach. Data collection was carried out by interview, observation, and documentation methods. Data analysis uses data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions drawn. The results showed that the total volume of biogas produced from 1.320 tons of FFB was 23.760 m3. With a production capacity of 60 Tons/Hour and POME produced at 60% with a production hour of 22 hours/day. Biogas produced per m3 POME is 30m3/m3 with a storage period of 44 hours. To produce 1,1 x 2 MW of power, it requires 2,640 tons of palm oil FFB, 1.584 m3 of POME waste, and 47,520 m3 of biogas. To meet the capacity of 2 MW.

Oil Palm Plantation Expansion and Population Problems: An Explanatory Factor for Deforestation in Indonesia

Deforestation in Indonesia remains a significant issue due to various factors. This article reveals the impact of demographic variables on deforestation, using oil palm plantation expansion as a case study. The study applies Hunter's model, considering population dynamics and intermediate variables, namely science and technology, institutions, policies, and culture. Through traditional literature review methods, demographic data and field research results from 2010 to 2020 were elaborated, focusing on Sumatra, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi. The findings underline that Indonesian rapid population growth drives high consumption rates. Additionally, the development of oil palm plantations is faced with high demand for CPO, policies that attach too much importance to investment, and agrarian deregulation. All these intermediate variables are visible through the agricultural expansion as a pattern of agricultural development. The massive expansion by private companies resulted in a change in the socio-ecological landscape. In addition, there are dilemmas in the villager's livelihood system, such as shifting traditional livelihood bases, livelihood dualism, the emergence of new vulnerabilities, and land grabs. In order to realize sustainable palm oil development, we suggest governance reforms at the global, national, and local levels.

The Impact of Tree Density on Automated Oil Palm Tree Counting Accuracy

The rapid development of oil palm plantations in Kualuh Leidong Subdistrict, Labuhanbatu Utara District, North Sumatra Province has led to an increased need for effective and efficient monitoring and supervision of oil palm trees. One method that supports such monitoring and supervision is the use of an automatic counting method using orthophoto data. This orthophoto data was used for automatic tree counting using a deep learning method with the Faster R-CNN algorithm. The study considered two planting patterns: regular planting patterns with spacing of 4 to 9 meters, and random planting patterns with varying spacing. Data processing involved an epoch value of 80 and a batch size value of 4. The accuracy of the automatic oil palm tree counting was evaluated based on the density of the spacing between trees with reference to the ground truth. The findings indicated that the deep learning Faster R-CNN algorithm achieved higher accuracy in automatic calculations for regular planting patterns.

Agricultural land use policies and landscape dynamics: Evidence from rainforest agroecological zone

Agricultural-land use policies play a crucial role in shaping agroecological landscapes globally. The evidence suggests that some of these policies tend to have undesired feedback/trade-offs, particularly about coastal resource use and conservation planning. The present study explores how agricultural policies influence land use/land cover (LULC) transition patterns in Ghana's Rain Forest Agroecological Zone (RFAZ). Landsat satellite images for 1991, 2008, and 2022 were acquired for the LULC mapping. Change detection and Intensity analysis were used to assess the pattern of land change. Also, documentary research processes were used to review and assess agricultural land use policies. The results showed that before rubber-related policy implementation, oil palm plantation was the dominant LULC type in the 1990 s. In the 1990 s and early 2000 s, there was a conscious government drive to leverage oil palm plantation development. This led to the growth in the size of oil palm plantations within the RFAZ landscape, considering the zone’s conducive natural environment. However, between 2008 and 2022, corresponding to the period of the increased promotion of rubber cultivation through the Outgrower project in the RFAZ, rubber plantations became the predominant land use, with an area of 11,763.81 ha in 2008 and 21,611.61 ha in 2022. The results from the LULC mapping and the intensity analysis showed that the Rubber Outgrowers Plantation Project (ROPP) and Norpalm Smallholder Scheme Project (NSSP) have degraded the natural cover through rubber and oil palm cultivation. The authors conclude that landscape dynamics, particularly in rainforest agroecological zones, represent a nexus challenge transforming policy adaptation's discursive context. The study recommends that agriculture and landscape policy/projects must have/take intermediary steps to address the feedback/trade-offs from well-intended initiatives. The study further suggests that management plans and strategies in the RFAZ should be consistent with the strict protection of forest reserves and water bodies.

Government Supervision of Oil Palm Plantations in Indonesia: Legal Issues and Proposed Remedies

Abstract Palm oil is a major Indonesian export product, but governmental supervision of plantation corporationsʼ activities on the ground frequently fails, which leads to environmental damage as well as conflict between companies and communities. By employing a socio-legal approach, this study found that the legal framework of the development of oil palm plantations is imprecise, unclear and incomplete and, as a consequence, causes the governmentʼs weakness in supervising oil palm plantation operations. We discovered three main causes of this incompleteness of law in supervising oil palm plantations: the delay in establishing the implementing regulations, the absence of sanctions in case of non-compliance, and the use of imprecise words, and complex terms and language. In addressing such incompleteness, this study suggests drafting more detailed rules to minimize delegation to lower regulations, using more precise terms and concepts, and considering sanctions for officials who do not carry out their obligations. Furthermore, discretion can be an alternative to overcome the existing legal incompleteness in supervising oil palm plantation operations.

Perawatan yang Beracun: Kerja Perawatan Perkebunan dan Reproduksi Sosial dalam Perkebunan Monokultur Sawit

The expansion of oil palm plantation has drawn scholarship attention. On one hand, studies have examined how oil palm plantation development serves an important instrument for employment creation, poverty alleviation and rural development. On the other, there is plenty of research that shows adverse impacts of such expansion on socio-ecological conditions. This includes the recruitment of women plantation workers into maintenance work with flexible labour relations. Meanwhile, literature on oil palm plantations in Indonesia has not paid significant attention on care work. Employing feminist political economy perspective, this article attempts to understand care work in monoculture oil palm plantations, particularly in relations to maintenance work on plantation. Through the concept of social reproduction, care work is understood in a broader terms as a way to draw the entanglement between production and reproduction in monoculture oil palm plantations. This article argues that women workers participation into maintenance work on plantations show the articulation of social relations based on patriarchal system with palm oil competition in the global market. From the perspective of the women workers, participation in the maintenance work is viewed as a livelihood strategy. The strategy that involves works with risk of regular exposure to toxic chemicals is understood as toxic care.

Enhancing the Sustainability of Oil Palm Plantations Through the Application of Principles and Adaptive Management of High Conservation Value Areas in Central Kalimantan

The rapid development of oil palm plantations raises environmental issues related to biodiversity and conservation. Thus, a holistic and integrated approach is needed to manage high conservation values (HCV). This holistic and integrated approach involves various stakeholders in implementing sustainability principles. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of applying the principles and evaluating the adaptive management practices of HCV areas applied to oil palm plantations. The research was conducted on an oil palm plantation in Seruyan District, Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia, with HCV 1 – 5 criteria covering an area of 5379 ha. Employing an observational method, the data were collected via field observations and interviews with relevant stakeholders, including oil palm plantation management, environmental organizations and local communities. The findings show that by protecting HCV, oil palm plantations can operate sustainably and reduce environmental negative impacts. The application of the principles of HCV areas in the company involves identifying, assessing and protecting areas with high ecological, social, and cultural values. These are then used as the basis for recommendations for adaptive management in oil palm plantations. Through adaptive management, oil palm plantations can adapt their practices to local conditions, reduce negative impacts, assess impacts, and take appropriate steps according to the conditions. The success of adaptive management carried out by the company can be seen based on data on the decline in HCV openings and the maintenance of HCV 1 - 5 areas. Thus, by applying adaptive principles and management, oil palm plantations in Central Kalimantan can increase sustainability, protect the environment, and provide sustainable social and economic benefits. Having important implications for the palm oil industry, this research can be used as a guide in policy-making that supports the development of environmentally responsible oil palm plantations.

Muhu Holy Forest, Protected Area of Mahuze Clan as A Natural and Cultural Conservation

Muhu Holy Forest is a protected area located in district Muting, Merauke. This holy forest belongs to the Mahuze clan, one of the large clans of the Marind tribe. The aim of this study was to describe the Holy Forest as one of the protected areas that serves to conserve nature and the culture of the Mahuze clan itself. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research with data collection methods are observation and interview. Observations were made by looking directly at the Holy Forest area, and interviews were conducted with several people with the name Mahuze and also customary elders of the Mahuze clan themselves. The results showed that the Holy Forest area contained various types of plants and animals. Some plants and animals in the Holy Forest are sago, rattan, coconut, bird of paradise, wild boar, and others. This Holy Forest is maintained by the Mahuze clan from various offers from both the government and the private sector for the development of oil palm plantations. The attitude of defending their area indirectly has preserved nature and also preserved the culture of their own ancestral heritag.

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) utilization for mapping the health of oil palm plants (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

The increasing development and expansion of oil palm plantations in Indonesia cause monitoring management to be increasingly difficult to manage a plantation and currently requires technological innovation that is faster and more accurate in providing information, one of which is using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), often called a drone, a flying machine. Which is controlled remotely using a remote control from outside the vehicle, this is used for monitoring and calculating the number of healthy and diseased plants in a large plantation area that can be covered. The purpose of this research is to map the health of oil palm plants using drone technology. The research method is using drones and oil palm application (OPA) software to calculate the number of oil palm stands followed by plant verification with a plant census using a global positioning system (GPS) to determine the distribution of healthy and diseased oil palm plants. The result of the research is a map that displays information on plant health and the number of plants characterized by colour.

PROBLEM ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF PALM OIL PLANTATIONS PT. AGRO SYNERGY NUSANTARA KEBUN UJUNG LAMIE, NAGAN RAYA REGENCY

Oil palm is a plantation crop that produces vegetable oil while increasing the economy of people in developing countries, including in Indonesia, including PT. ASN is located in Nagan Raya district, but various problems are faced in developing the oil palm plantation. This research was conducted with the aim of looking at the various problems faced by PT. ASN Nagan Raya district in the development of oil palm plantations, using 11 staff respondents and employees of plantation companies, the results of this study indicate that the problem of developing PT. ASN at Ujung Lamie Nagan Raya Gardens are low productivity, low human resources, unstable finances, lack of fertilization, poor road infrastructure, lack of discipline, Inadequate facilities, many vacant areas, attacks by pigs and porcupines during planting, lack of harvesting bridges, high fertilizer prices and educational factors. Solving these various problems can develop plantations in accordance with the company's business objectives.

The Impact of Small-Scale Oil Palm Plantation Development on the Economy Multiplier Effect and Rural Communities Welfare

The Impact of Small-Scale Oil Palm Plantation Development on the Economy Multiplier Effect and Rural Communities Welfare

Strengthening Riau Province's Oil Palm Policy Based on Strengthening Local Institutions in Riau Province Bengkalis

Improving sustainable management of oil palm plantations, providing legal certainty, maintaining and protecting environmental sustainability, including reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and increasing the development of oil palm farmers as well as the productivity of oil palm plantations. The policy aspect of considering sustainable development is something that cannot be missed, it must be discussed in an academic text on an oil palm plantation policy. So we need a model that minimizes the complexity and contestation that often appears in the area of oil palm plantation policy. After the research is carried out, it is expected to be able to formulate policies. These findings are useful for the government as part of the implementation of oil palm plantation policies, while still prioritizing the sustainable development aspect. This policy model can later be developed with the birth of strategies and activities that are interconnected in the development of oil palm plantations in Riau Province because it needs support from many stakeholders. So far, the existing policy pattern is top-down, and the dynamics between implementor actors and target groups in the field sometimes differ from the main objectives of the public policies that have been formulated so far. This research will provide new insights into a constructive policy model with a microscope because it is about public and private goods, which provide benefits for the government and welfare for smallholder plantations to oil palm farmers.
 Keywords: palm oil policy, smallholder plantation, sustainable development

ANALISIS YURIDIS PEMBATALAN PERJANJIAN KERJASAMA PEMBANGUNAN KEBUN KELAPA SAWIT ANTARA KOPERASI PERTANIAN SAWIT BUNGA IDAMAN DENGAN PT. PERDANA INTI SAWIT PERKASA DI DESA RANTAU BINUANG SAKTI (RBS) KECAMATAN KEPENUHAN KABUPATEN ROKAN HULU DALAM PERKARA NO

Since the authority to grant oil palm plantation business permits was handed over to the Regency/City Government, the area of plantation business land in the Regency/City area has increased. Rokan Hulu Regency has the potential for large enough land for the development of oil palm plantations, but on the other hand, oil palm plantation business activities in Rokan Hulu Regency also have negative impacts, namely the occurrence of various conflicts between local communities and plantation companies both regarding community land and development of plantations for the community, conflicts over land between oil palm plantation companies. In the last 5 years, there have been conflicts between communities. The community demanded that the management of the Kopsa Bunda cooperative bring the community together with PT PIS II and the Rokan Hulu cooperative service. However, after a time the management of the Kopsa Bunda Cooperative instead carried out a credit agreement with Bank Mandiri Syariah and PT PIS II, the people of Rantau Binuang Sakti sued PT PIS II. The results of the research conducted are the cooperation agreement for the development of oil palm plantations between the Bunga Idaman Oil Palm Agricultural Cooperative and PT. Perdana Inti Sawit Perkasa in Desa RBS Kec. District fullness Rohul in Case No: 190/PDT.G/2021/PN.PBR was declared void. The form of settlement for the cancellation of the agreement is through settlement by bringing this case to court and the decision to cancel this agreement is decided by the Judge in court because it is through the Court that has the right and proves that something can be canceled.

Reverse Social Impact of Oil Palm Plantation Expansion: A Study of Three Communities in Jambi, Indonesia

Studies on the social impacts of oil palm development have focused on various communities with distinct characteristics. Due to the rarity of comparative investigations, this study aimed to examine the impact of oil palm plantation expansion on the Suku Anak Dalam, Jambi Malay, and the Javanese transmigrant, the three communities with different socio-economic characteristics. In-depth interviews and observations were conducted to understand the communities’ interaction and dependence on forest resources. The study also conducted a household census to assess 67 Malay and 66 Javanese transmigrant families. However, a household census could not be conducted to asses 45 families of the Suku Anak Dalam due to some limitations. This necessitated indirect data collection through the community leader. The results showed that the oil palm development significantly and negatively impacts the Suku Anak Dalam more than the Malay community and the Javanese transmigrant. The Suku Anak Dalam face difficulties in meeting their basic needs because the conversion of forest areas into oil palm plantations has reduced their access to these resources. In contrast, the Malay community and the Javanese transmigrants have enjoyed various benefits, such as ownership of oil palm gardens, employment opportunities as daily laborers, and partnerships with companies through the nucleus-plasma program. Therefore, it is crucial for the government to protect the Suku Anak Dalam community from the negative impacts of oil palm plantation development activities.

Perencanaan Pemerintah Dalam Peningkatan Produksi Dan Harga Kelapa Sawit Petani Di Desa Mumpa Pasca Pandemi Covid 19

The development of oil palm plantations has an important meaning to increase regional and national economic growth in terms of; creating added value, investment growth, output contributing to foreign exchange and even oil palm plantation activities have had positive or beneficial external influences on the surrounding area. The problem faced in this research is how the government plans to increase the production and price of farmer's palm oil in Mumpa Village after the Covid-19 pandemic and what are the inhibiting factors and supporting factors for government planning to increase the production and price of farmer's palm oil in Mumpa village after the Covid pandemic -19. The method used in this study is a qualitative method in which researchers conduct observations, interviews and discussions directly in Mumpa Village while carrying out Thematic KKN. From the results of the discussion, palm oil is a national strategic commodity because it has a long utilization chain so that there are many benefits that can be taken, including replacing the role of petroleum which is a non-renewable resource as fuel and produces various derivative products. which can be utilized which resulted in an increase in the processing industry for palm oil derivative products. The large number of these industries will result in a lot of employment and generate an increase in foreign exchange for the country so that the economy in Indonesia increases.

Oil palm contribution to sdgs achievement: A case study in main oil palm producing provinces in Indonesia

The development of oil palm plantations and their production is not only expected to generate foreign exchange for the country, but it is also expected to have a positive impact on the social and economic development of the community, which must be in line with the sustainable development goals (SDGs). The development of oil palm plantations that involves the people through the Nucleus Estate and Smallholder (NES or PIR) Scheme with its various variations has several weaknesses that are detrimental to farmers, causing various conflicts and weaken farmers’ bargaining position, unclear determination of plantation development costs and unclear criteria in determining the quality and price of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) produced by farmers. This study aims to study whether oil palm development is able to improve socio-economic conditions of the people in Indonesia, mainly in main oil palm producing provinces in accordance with the SDGs targets, including no poverty (Goal-1), reduced inequality (Goal-10), and good health and wellbeing (Goal-3). The research was carried out on a national level, especially in oil palm producing provinces in Indonesia. The data used are time series data for the period of 1990 to 2020. The analysis model used is a regression model where oil palm area as an independent variable and the SDGs indicators as dependent variables. The results showed that oil palm development could significantly reduce the number of poor people in both rural and urban areas, had not been able to reduce income inequality even in 4 provinces significantly increased income inequality, and had no effect on improving people’s health and wellbeing based on the human development index.

Analysis of Oil Palm Plantation Development and Its Implications for Community Welfare in the Eastern Region of North Sumatra, Indonesia

Analysis of Oil Palm Plantation Development and Its Implications for Community Welfare in the Eastern Region of North Sumatra, Indonesia

Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Menentukan Kelayakan Lahan Pembibitan Menggunakan Metode Multi Attribute Utility Theory

Determining the location of plantation land is a very important role to support the development of oil palm plantations and also factors that support plantations to produce oil palm fruit with good quality. To help companies produce palm oil with the best quality fruit, it is necessary to have the appropriateness of the land used for oil palm planting from the seedling process. PT. Fajar Agung experienced several difficulties in making a decision to choose suitable land for oil palm seedlings, so making a decision took a long time. In determining the feasibility of oil palm nurseries, a decision support system is needed by applying the Multi Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT) method. The purpose of this study is to implement a decision support system in determining the feasibility of oil palm nurseries using the Multi Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT) method to be more effective and efficient for the leadership in making a decision so that the company does not suffer losses. From the calculation results to be used as an oil palm nursery with an assessment that is more than 0.500 which is declared feasible there are 6 alternatives, namely A5 (Block 5), A6 (Block 6), A7 (Block 7), A8 (Block 8), A11 (Block 7A ) and A1 (Block 1) with the highest score of 0.838. MAUT method can be used as an alternative method to perform calculations based on predetermined criteria so as to facilitate decision making.

Conflict Management Policy on Oil Palm Plantations in Riau Province: Islamic Review

Riau Province has a large area of oil palm plantations. Of the land area of 2.32 million hectares, 1.53 million hectares are oil palm plantations owned by the community. In 2019, there were 51 cases of natural resource conflicts in Riau Province, of which the plantation sector was the most with 40 cases (78.40 percent). This study applied a qualitative descriptive method to understand the phenomenon of plantation land conflict that aimed to: (1) identify the factors that cause conflicts in oil palm plantations in Riau Province; (2) identify current policies related to the handling of plantation conflicts and (3) recommend policy suggestions that better protect the interests of the community from an Islamic perspective. This study concluded as follow: (1) the causes of land conflicts identified are non-legal factor which is related to the management of land use and access, and legal factor which is related to judicial and regulation overlap; (2) Regarding the current policies related to plantation land conflicts, the development of oil palm plantations is basically in line with the mandate of the 1945 Constitution that natural resources are controlled by the state and used for the prosperity of the people.; (3) to protect the community interests in plantation land, this study recommends policy based on Islamic guidelines in land ownership. Islamic law classifies ownership into individual property rights (al-milkiyah al-khassah), collective property rights (al-milkiyyah al-'ammah) and state property rights (al-milkiyah al-daulah). This classification protects the community's property rights individually and collectively because investors cannot dictate the state to take over community ownership. Islam also has rules for activating inactive land and distributing it to people who can manage it, which will be the solution to unauthorized land use that is prone to conflict.