Oil Palm Harvesting Research Articles

Analysis of Productivity and Labor Requirements of Palm Oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Harvesting at Afdeling 4 in PT. Alam Jaya Persada

In facing increasingly competitive competition, every company needs quality human resources (HR) who have high competence. The challenges that are often faced by every company are the demand for production, which is quite high, and the quality of the products produced. Based on this, human resource management is needed according to the needs of the company. This study aims to determine the characteristics of harvesting employees, the productivity of harvesting employees, and the number of effective oil palm harvesting labor requirements in Afdeling 4 at PT. Alam Jaya Persada. This study uses two data sources, namely primary data consisting of interviews, direct observation, and documentation, as well as secondary data consisting of company documents and literature related to research activities. Respondents in this study amounted to 22 harvest employees who were determined using saturated sampling techniques. Research data collection was carried out through direct observation, interviews, and collecting all documents related to research. Data analysis used in managing research data is descriptive analysis. Based on the characteristics of harvest employees, 22 people are all male with a percentage of 100%; the average education of employees, namely elementary school (SD), is 10 employees with a percentage of 45%; based on an average age of 31–40 years, namely 9 employees with a percentage of 41%; and based on the average length of work of 1-2 years, namely 11 employees with a percentage of 50%. The results showed that of the 22 harvesting employees of Afdeling 4, the average productivity of harvesting employees was 163 beds/HK, and the basis set by the company was 120 beds/HK. This shows that Afdeling 4 employees can be said to be very productive. The calculation of the need for effective employees in Afdeling 4 is 18 harvesting employees with an area of 728 ha, but the number of employees in the field is 22 or has exceeded the labor requirements for the area of the land.

Survival Strategy Of Farmworkers "Oil Palm Harvesters " Of Bakti Makmur Hamlet, Riau Using SWOT Analysis

Agricultural workers who harvest oil palm in Bakti Makmur Hamlet are not all formal sector workers, so their income fluctuates and there is a risk of work accidents when harvesting oil palm fruit. On the other hand, there is a phenomenon of oil palm harvester farm workers in Bakti Makmur Hamlet who are still able to meet basic needs and even provide school education facilities to their children. To overcome these problems it is necessary to know how the survival strategy of oil palm harvester farm laborers Bakti Hamlet, Riau. The Data obtained in the field were then analyzed to produce a conclusion by using the theory of survival strategy of Edi Suharto, namely, active strategy, passive strategy, network strategy. The results found by the researchers is the community of Dusun bakti makmur village, riau do starategi survival according to Edi Suharto as a whole is an active strategy to improve the quality of production to increase income such as gardening, bedagang or even selling, looking for other jobs and involving families to work, passive strategy of frugal lifestyle that is clothing, food, Board, Education, health and network strategy is to establish relationships with the social environment such as owed to neighbors or stalls and receive assistance such as zakat or sacrificial offerings of love and farm laborers oil palm harvesters in Dusun bakti makmur riau village have patron and client relationships.

Preliminary Results of Relationship between Oil Palm Harvest Losses and Harvest Interval in Riau and West Kalimantan, Indonesia

Oil palm smallholders, in particular non-plasma independent smallholders, experience significant yield gaps. Closing this yield gap is important to enhance sustainable livelihoods for oil palm smallholders and reduce the risk of yield increase through expansion. One of the key factors influencing yield is the harvest interval (number of days between two harvesting rounds). Although standards for Good Agricultural Practices regarding oil palm prescribe a harvest interval of 7-10 days, independent smallholders often maintain a harvest interval of 12-30 days. A longer harvesting interval not only reduces the number of fresh fruit bunch harvested per hectare per month but also leads to a larger harvest loss from overripe fruits falling to the ground, deteriorating quickly (harvest loss). We followed an interdisciplinary research approach, combining insights from agronomy and anthropology, to better understand farmers’ practices, and drivers and challenges underlying decision-making. The approach consisted of field audits, farmer surveys, and qualitative interviews to explore which factors impact harvest interval. The harvest interval of smallholders in Riau and West Kalimantan ranged from 11 to 30 days. Farmers followed long harvest intervals (>16-d) due to the low fresh fruit bunch yield. However, longer harvest intervals increased potential harvest losses.

Analysis of Factors Influencing Employee Performance in Palm Oil Harvesting at PT. Semadam

The palm oil industry has created business potential. Palm oil agribusiness is one of the industrial sectors in Indonesia that possesses a competitive advantage in the global market. The development of the palm oil industry in Indonesia has been carried out with a focus on achieving a balance among social, financial, and environmental aspects. The attention of oil palm plantation employees is crucial for increasing productivity. This research aims to analyze the influence of the harvest premium variables: length of service, age, education level, number of dependents, grants, and geology on the work implementation of oil palm harvesting workers at PT Semadam. This research was conducted in June 2022 at PT. Semadam, Aceh Tamiang. In this research, the survey method was employed. The number of samples was calculated using the Slovin Formula with an error rate of 10% or 0.1. This calculation obtained a sample size of 40 respondents from a population of 45 people. The research results indicate a collective influence of independent factors (premium collection, work involvement, age, education level, number of dependents, aid funds, and geographical location) on the dependent variable (work implementation). However, premium collection, education level, and geography significantly influence worker performance, while work involvement, age, work involvement, and grants do not substantially impact worker performance. The coefficient of determination, 0.825, indicates that the independent variables explain 82.5% of the variance in the dependent variable, while other factors influence 17.5%.

Karakteristik Sosial-Ekonomi dan Produktivitas Tenaga Kerja Panen Kelapa Sawit PT Task Parenggean

This study aims to describe the characteristics of the oil palm harvest workforce and socio-economic factors related to the productivity of harvesting labor at PT Task Parenggean. The sample was taken from the harvest labor population of Estate 1, Estate 2, and Estate 3, represented by 95 workers. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis and processed using SPSS (Statistical Program for Science). The results showed that age, family dependents, work experience, facilities & and infrastructure, and salary significantly affected the productivity of oil palm harvesting workers at PT Task Parenggean. In contrast, the level of education, residence, and premiums had no significant effect. 
 
 Keywords: socioeconomic, labor productivity, palm oil

Investigation of muscle synergies and their consistency among fresh fruit bunches manual harvesters in a real-life oil palm industry

Oil palm industry still relies on manual harvesting, a physicality-reliant task that was found related to the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among the harvesters. Through experience, common muscle synergies could be found among healthy subjects, which could be useful for screening any possible musculoskeletal disorders. This study investigated and confirmed the consistency of the muscle synergies used by healthy, well-trained harvesters during a real-life fresh fruit bunches (FFB) manual harvesting task with eight enrolled subjects. The subjects' muscle synergies during the manual harvesting were investigated from seven upper limb muscles in an outdoor environment. Our results demonstrated that the harvesters consistently used three muscle synergies to perform the manual harvesting task, dedicated to different upper body parts (neck, upper arm, and lower back). The consistent number of synergies was accompanied by high intra- and inter-subject similarities (similarity index >0.7) found in the contribution of muscle in the synergies (weighting coefficient). On the other hand, the alteration in activation timing (SI < 0.6) in the harvesting movement was presumed to be related to the adaptation to environmental constraints, which were also observed in other relevant studies. The result, therefore, confirmed consistent muscle synergies among the oil palm harvesters even in an uncontrolled outdoor environment, providing a reference that brings benefits to the knowledge in the screening of musculoskeletal disorders among the harvesters. Relevance to industryThe paper presents an investigation of muscle synergies and their consistency among healthy, well-trained manual fresh fruit bunches (FFB) oil palm harvesters in an outdoor environment. The result, together with the presented methodologies, provide a reference that can be used in screening musculoskeletal disorders among harvesters in the industry.

Analisis Factor-Faktor Penyebab Kecelakaan Kerja Penggunaan Benda Tajam Atau Mesin pada Pemanen Sawit

Indonesia is a country with vast agricultural areas and the fertility of its soil is undisputed. This makes Indonesia a rich country in terms of agricultural products, especially oil palm plantations. Oil palm plantations have many advantages, especially since oil palm is a raw material that plays a strategic role in the country's economic development. However, this also avoids the risk of occupational injuries that threaten plantation workers, especially in the area of palm oil harvesting. Workplace accidents can be caused by activities involving the use of sharp tools and machinery such as dodos, egereks, ganks, axes and axes. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors leading to occupational injuries associated with the use of sharp tools and machinery in oil palm harvesters. The results of this study indicate that there are several risk factors for workplace injury when sharps and machinery are used in oil palm harvesters, including worker knowledge level, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and adherence to standards. indicates that there is Having it suggests that there is merit. Instruction manual (SOP)

Factors Related with Unsafe Action in Palm Oil Harvesters at PT. Priatama Riau Kebun Rupat Island

Introduction: Work accidents can be caused by unsafe action factors in the field, such as not wearing personal protective equipment (PPE), not following work procedures, and not following work safety regulations. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors related to unsafe actions (unsafe behavior) in oil palm harvesters at PT Priatama Riau. Methods: This is an observational study. The study population consisted of 111 workers in the plantation harvester section. The research sample was calculated using the Slovin formula for as many as 86 workers. The independent variables consisted of OHS knowledge, attitudes, education, length of working period, age, OHS supervision, and OSH training. The dependent variable was Unsafe Action (unsafe behavior). Essential information was obtained through meetings, perceptions, and polls. The information collection instruments used in this study were survey sheets, agenda sheets, and cameras for documentation. Data analysis consisted of univariate and bivariate analyses. Bivariate analysis was performed using the chi-squared statistical test. Results: The factors related to unsafe action/unsafe behavior in oil palm harvesters were sex, years of service, knowledge, attitudes, OHS supervision, OHS training, and unsafe conditions. Conclusion: Judging from the factual test as a whole or together, the factors of tenure, gender, attitude, knowledge, OSH supervision, OSH training, work equipment, and unsafe conditions are related to Unsafe Actions.

ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING LABOR EFFICIENCY IN OIL PALM HARVESTING AT PT ASN KEBUN UJONG LAMIE, NAGAN RAYA DISTRICT

Labor efficiency is all the efforts made by each member in balancing the amount of labor with the production produced. The purpose of this study was to determine the labor efficiency of oil palm harvesters at PT ASN Kebun Ujong Lamie, Nagan Raya Regency. This study uses a quantitative research method with multiple linear regression analysis method. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The sample in this study amounted to 19 respondents. The results showed that partially with a 95% confidence level the premium variable had an effect on the labor efficiency of oil palm harvesters, and age and education level had no effect on the efficiency of the palm oil harvesters. Meanwhile, the age, education level, and premium variables simultaneously affect the labor efficiency of oil palm harvesters.

Analisis Postur Kerja Terhadap Keluhan Gangguan Muskuloskeletal pada Pekerja Pemanen Kelapa Sawit

Musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) are a common complaint because oil palm harvesting is still a manual, labor-intensive and repetitive activity that requires human labour. Due to the non-ergonomic working position, harvesters are prone to musculoskeletal diseases. This study examines the risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in the agricultural industry using a kind of descriptive analysis and literature review methodology. Five publications were found as a result of a Google Scholar search after a literature search was conducted online at different websites. This research was conducted on 5 publications, all of which were national articles and met the inclusion criteria. To find a solution to a problem, information is evaluated and processed through the steps of organizing, synthesizing, identifying and further analyzing. The findings show that the incidence of musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) in agricultural workers is influenced by personal factors (age, gender, years of service, medical history, and psychosocial factors), occupational factors (work posture, workload, work duration, repetitive movements and manual materials handling), and environmental factors (work space). Working age is the personal element that is most strongly associated with the occurrence of musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs). Among the workplace and environmental variables that have a substantial correlation with the prevalence of musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs), are work posture and work environment.

Determinants of Labor Productivity in Palm Oil Harvesting, Central Kalimantan

Work effectiveness is greatly influenced by organizational development, placement, and use of work. Productivity at work has a big impact on results. This study aims to identify the impact of determinants of labor productivity as an oil palm harvester in oil palm plantations in order to increase knowledge, skills and experience in work. Data on the labor productivity of oil palm harvest was carried out by Purpose sampling of 76 people taken from 6 stagnation in 3 afdeling related to wages and premiums obtained every month. Data analysis using descriptive methods and multiple linear regression. Multiple regression analysis partially shows that education level, number of dependents, and age have no real effect on labor productivity, but length of work does. Simultaneous regression tests show that education level, number of dependents, age, and length of working hours have a significant effect on the labor productivity of oil palm harvests.

ANALYSIS OF THE COST OF HARVEST PREMIUM FOR PALM OIL PLANTATIONS PT. SURYA PANEN SUBUR. 2 IN AFDELING BRAVO

PT Surya Panen Subur 2. Is one of the oil palm companies that cultivates fresh fruit bunches of FFB which are processed into CPO (Crude Palm Oil) which has a land area of ​​5,080.00 Ha. Which consists of several Afdeling one of which is Afdeling Bravo. The purpose of the harvest premium cost analysis is to explain harvesting activities,explaining harvest planning, as well as calculating and analyzing the cost of oil palm harvester premiums in Afdeling Bravo. The analytical method used is quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis based on results and discussion. Harvesting activities consist of daily harvest plans for cutting fresh fruit bunches, harvesting process, harvest premium system, harvest cost analysis, premium cost analysis, total premium cost and harvest income. The planned production target in August is1,531,960 kg and the total production after planning is 1,531,960 kg and the costs incurred by the company are Rp. 151,427,158-, withthe total income of harvesters in the Bravo section is Rp. 154,655.65,-

Identification and Economic Contribution of Intercrops to the Income of Oil Palm Farmers on Bangka Island

Oil palm smallholders have the initiative to plant intercrops in immature smallholder oil palm plantations to obtain additional income ahead of the oil palm harvest. The research was conducted to identify which intercrops were cultivated by farmers and to calculate the value of the contribution made to the income of oil palm farmers. The survey method was carried out in smallholder oil palm plantations on the island of Bangka. The researchers concluded that the types of intercrops cultivated by farmers included cucumber, tomato, long beans, and cassava. The intercropping contributes to income while at the same time supporting the maintenance costs of young oil palm plants. In this study, intercropping contributed 13.5% toward covering these costs. This means that intercrops are feasible to cultivate in order to intercrop with TBM oil palm plants so that they can cover the costs of oil palm farming before producing FFB.

Design and Implementation of Hybrid Exoskeleton for Oil Palm Harvester to Reduce Muscle Strain

When it comes to safety at the workplace, palm oil harvesters are highly exposed to body pain and muscular fatigue, which in the long term may lead to permanent spinal or shoulder damage that will undoubtedly result in different extreme societal difficulties. Meager investment in safety and long hours of manual work in awkward posture is the main challenge in ensuring safety in the palm oil field. This study aimed to develop a novel light hybrid exoskeleton exclusively built for palm oil harvesting to reduce muscular strain, maintain minimum cost, and ensure material availability in the local market. The iso-elasticity approach and DC linear motor were used for gravitational and muscular torque compensation and position control. Muscular EMG signal was taken and filtered to investigate the muscle strain reduction after implementing the developed hybrid exoskeleton. The result shows that the overall muscle strain was reduced by 16% using the passive exoskeleton and 23% using the hybrid exoskeleton compared to freehand. According to the results, it is evident that the developed exoskeleton can be implemented in palm oil harvesting, which will reduce the pain level of the workers at a significant rate.

The Relationship Between Oil Palm Harvest Premium and Employee Performance at Palm Oil Company

Today's business competition is getting tougher so that employees are required to maintain and improve their performance. Therefore, the Company needs to maintain employee motivation and performance. This study aims to determine the prevailing system of oil palm harvest fees and the relationship between oil palm harvest fees and employee performance. This study uses a descriptive approach and Pearson product-moment analysis to determine the relationship between premium and performance. The results showed that the harvest premium system that applies is a wholesale system with a stipulation of 120 janjang/HK and a premium value of Rp. 100,-. Based on the factors of work quantity, work quality, and attendance, it shows that the harvest premium has a strong and significant relationship as indicated by the correlation value between the harvest premium and employee performance based on the quantity of work. 0.720. Harvest premium with employee performance based on work quality is 0.598 and the correlation between harvest premium and employee performance based on attendance is 0.605.

THE DESIGN OF ONLINE SMART APPLICATION SIRISKA (WORK RISK MAPPING SYSTEM): A STUDY OF OIL PALM HARVESTING WORKERS IN PTPN IV ADOLINA PLANTATION

Background: National Social Security Agency for Employment (BPJS Ketenagakerjaan) in North Sumatra has noted since January 2021 there were 1,272 work accident cases in North Sumatra. Work accident prevention data with a scientific approach already has adequate information, but the digitalization era 4.0 prioritizes fast availability of information, where all entities in the industrial environment are always connected and can share information with each other. By using fast information it will make it easier for decision maker to make faster decisions and control actions in work safety and health issues. Method: The type of research was the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) method in 9 afdelings with a total of 219 oil palm harvesters. Results: This application is the final process of the research, namely evaluating the results of the test and the feasibility of implementing the application for use by workers. Conclusion: This Android-based application can help map the risks of near misses and work accidents, making it easier for companies to record data on near misses and work accidents. In addition, the data input process by workers can be carried out quickly because the data input is done in real time

Optimization of the Near Miss Reporting System in Achieving Zero Accidents at PTPN IV ADOLINA Garden (SIRISKA Online Smart Application)

A large number of accidents begins with the number of near misses and the magnitude of work risks experienced by workers, so control efforts are needed as early as possible. This study uses quantitative research using the SIRISKA smart online application (Occupational Risk Mapping System) involving sections clerks and oil palm harvesters as respondents. There were 3 cases of work accidents, and there was a near-miss hazard at each stage of oil palm harvesting. The near-miss hazards that can occur are being cut by an sickle or an axe, falling by an sickle, being crushed by a frond, being hit by a fibre, or being pierced by a palm thorn which must be recorded and reported. By optimizing the reporting system using the SIRISKA smart online application, it is hoped that zero accidents can be achieved at PTPN IV Adolina Garden.

The Islamic Economic Views on Palm Oil Harvester Wages

The purpose of this study was to describe the wage system for oil palm harvesting workers at PT. Dewa Sawit Sari Persada, Dendang District, and how is the view of Islamic economics related to the wage system for oil palm harvesting workers at PT. Dewa Sawit Sari Persada. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods, and uses field research, namely research conducted in certain environments by conducting direct field studies to obtain concrete data regarding the wage payment system for oil palm harvesting wholesale workers at PT. Dewa Sawit Sari Persada. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. Interviews were conducted with the company, namely estate managers, divisional assistants, harvest foremen, harvest clerks and administrative staff, as well as harvest workers. The results of the research on the wage system for oil palm harvesting workers at PT. Dewa Sawit Sari Persada is not enough when viewed from an Islamic economic perspective because there has been no decision from the company leadership to increase workers' wages, the salary provided is not sufficient for basic needs, no shuttle transportation is provided, no health insurance is provided for workers, there is no guarantee of working days old

Remote Sensing Application for Tall Oil Palm Harvester

Oil palm is the primary source of economic gain and the community's primary need for palm oil and other daily necessities. In order to maximise the yield and benefits of oil palm, it is very difficult to do so with ordinary labour, and even if it is possible, it takes a long time to produce. Therefore, by adopting new technology, it is possible to overcome the challenges posed by tall oil palm harvesting. The application of remote sensing on tall oil palms will facilitate the harvesting procedure. With advancements in technology, such as remote sensing, it will be possible to achieve better results in less time and with fewer people. This pole has been equipped with multiple functionalities, such as a camera, to facilitate harvesting. This is because the height of the oil palm prevents workers from seeing the condition of the fruit and fronds that will be dropped. This paper also explains the use of remote sensing and its applications to the monitoring of oil palm plantations.

PERBAIKAN SIFAT MEKANIK DODOS KELAPA SAWIT PRODUK LOKAL MELALUI PROSES PACK CARBURIZING DAN MODIFIED MARTEMPERING

This paper aims to enhance the quality and service life of local product oil palm harvesting chisels so that they can compete with imported products, which until now are mostly used by oil palm harvesters in Indonesia. To achieve these objectives, the method of improving the mechanical properties of chisels was chosen through the pack carburizing and modified martempering processes. Chisels of local products can be improved in quality, especially their hardness and impact strength through the modified martempering or pack carburizing heat treatment process followed by modified martempering. Heat treatment of modified martempering at an oil cooling temperature of 1250 C followed by tempering at a temperature of 4500 C can increase the impact strength of chisels up to 12% higher than chisels without heat treatment, while its hardness can increase up to 29%. Heat treatment of pack carburizing followed by modified martempering at an oil cooling temperature of 1750 C and tempering at a temperature of 4500 C can increase the impact strength up to 65% and the hardness increases up to 27%.