Cosmetic Oil Research Articles

A Comprehensive Review of Plant-Based Cosmetic Oils (Virgin Coconut Oil, Olive Oil, Argan Oil, and Jojoba Oil): Chemical and Biological Properties and Their Cosmeceutical Applications.

Plant-based oils, such as coconut, olive, argan, and jojoba, are abundant in natural emollients and vital fatty acids that hydrate and moisturize the skin. They shield the surface, stop moisture loss, and maintain suppleness of, the skin. They are rich in vitamins, nutrients, and antioxidants that nourish the skin. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is used as a functional food due to its tremendous health benefits, and olive oil is well-known for its cosmetic and culinary applications. Argan oil contains many antioxidants, vital fatty acids, and vitamin E, while jojoba oil is an excellent moisturizer and conditioner. Plant-based oils can be extracted using various techniques including conventional and chemical extraction methods, and each will affect the yield and quality. Traditional methods like mechanical pressing are less efficient, whereas extraction methods such as pressurized liquid and supercritical fluid extraction may give higher yields and better quality. The chemical composition of olive oil primarily consists of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). Argan oil is rich in tocopherols, containing between 60 and 90 mg per 100 g, with only 19 g/100 g of argan oil's fatty acids saturated. Jojoba oil is liquid wax comprising over 98% triglyceride esters, pure waxes, vitamins, and sterols. This review focuses on the chemical and biological properties, production processes, and applications of natural cosmetic oils (virgin coconut oil, olive oil, argan oil, and jojoba oil), emphasizing their usage in skin care and cosmeceutical products.

Highly Hydrophilic TiO2 Nanoparticles as Stabilizers of Pickering Emulsions with Photosensitive Lipophilic Compounds: Synthesis and Application.

Pickering emulsions are a very promising system for encapsulating and photoprotecting active ingredients. The highest photoprotection efficiency can be achieved when bare TiO2 nanoparticles are used as stabilizers. However, the main problem when using highly hydrophilic TiO2 nanoparticles is their inability to adsorb at the oil-water interface. Here, we developed emulsions stabilized by bare, highly hydrophilic TiO2 nanoparticles for the encapsulation and photoprotection of active lipophilic compounds. Emulsion stabilization occurs due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between hydroxyl groups on the particle surface and the carbonyl groups of the oil molecules. The stability and rheological properties of emulsions are explained by the properties of the initial hydrosols. The resulting Pickering emulsions demonstrated effective UV protection of α-lipoic acid. Our results pave the way for the formulation of Pickering emulsions with a widely used cosmetic oil and show for the first time the possibility of photoprotection of a lipophilic active substance using unmodified TiO2 nanoparticles.

Active components and skin care properties of tea seed oil from Camellia sinensis

In China, many tea seeds, the ripe seeds of the tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze), are discarded as agricultural waste. Therefore, the tea seed oil that could have been obtained from tea seeds has also been wasted. To fully understand the content and efficacy of the main active ingredients in tea seed oil (TSO), the chemical composition and activity characteristics of TSO in different areas of Guizhou, China were investigated. The results demonstrated that TSO had high content of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and good skincare properties, such as anti-oxidation, anti-ultraviolet, moisturizing, whitening, and bacteriostasis. Furthermore, TSO showed a scavenging effect on reactive oxygen species in mouse fibroblasts cells (L929) and rat cardiomyocytes cells (H9C2). TSO exhibited high biocompatibility and promoted the proliferation and migration of L929. Southwest Guizhou (T4) and southern Guizhou (T6) might be used as high-quality producing areas for cosmetic oil by the weight analysis of each indicator. In summary, as the main producing area of tea in the world, this study helps to alleviate the problem of low oil self-sufficiency in China. The work offers a scientific basis for the in-depth development of TSO, especially in the field of skin care.

Emulsification of shea butter

This paper reviews the widespread application of shea butter oil as a popular natural skincare ingredient in cosmetics and personal care products, and explores the importance and application of emulsification technology in the preparation of shea butter oil. Firstly, it introduces the origin, characteristics, and multiple effects of shea butter oil in cosmetics. Secondly, it elaborates on the basic concepts of emulsification, including the types and mechanisms of emulsifiers. Subsequently, it discusses the application of emulsification technology in shea butter oil and methods for optimizing the emulsification process. Finally, it emphasizes the importance of selecting appropriate emulsifiers, controlling emulsification process conditions, and experimentally optimizing to improve the quality and stability of shea butter oil products.

Innovative Application of Juniperus Communis Wood Oil in Acne Skincare:

This review study explores the potential of Juniperus communis wood oil in cosmetics, namely its efficacy in treating acne diseases and its antibacterial qualities. Acne is a common skin ailment characterized by inflammation and the presence of several forms of acne lesions. Traditional acne treatments sometimes involve medications that may have possible side effects, which has sparked a growing interest in natural alternatives with antibacterial properties. Juniperus communis, commonly referred to as juniper, is extensively utilized in traditional medicine for its firmly established therapeutic advantages. This article consolidates the current scientific literature on the use of Juniperus communis wood oil for acne treatment, encompassing its mechanisms of action and its capacity to attack acne-causing bacteria by means of its antimicrobial properties. The review analyzes the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, sebum-regulating, and anti-comedogenic properties of Juniperus communis wood oil. The paper also evaluates the efficacy of the treatment by analyzing its influence on many indicators, such as the decrease in the number of lesions, inflammation, and sebum production, as evidenced in clinical investigations. The text explores several aspects related to safety factors and formulation considerations, including extraction processes, synergistic effects, and appropriate administration systems. The paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the potential benefits of utilizing Juniperus communis wood oil as a treatment for acne, its potential implications for future acne therapies, and the need for further research in this area.

Natural or Synthetic Emollients? Physicochemical Properties of Body Oils in Relation to Selected Parameters of Epidermal Barrier Function

Emollients are valued ingredients of many cosmetic products and medical devices used to support the treatment and prevention of many skin diseases. Despite the fact that they are one of the oldest cosmetic ingredients, raw materials as well as new recipe solutions are constantly being sought, the main goal of which is to obtain products with the most favorable physicochemical properties while improving the hydration of the stratum corneum and softening and smoothing the skin. It should be noted that there are few scientific articles on the effect of emollients on the physicochemical and usable properties of emollient preparations of the body-oils type. The obtained formulations were subjected to physicochemical tests (dynamic viscosity, surface tension, contact angle, and color evaluation), and the degree of skin hydration and lubrication after application of the developed cosmetic oils was evaluated. Cosmetic oils based on natural emollients were characterized by weaker spreading abilities, which was confirmed by their higher viscosity, surface tension, and contact-angle results relative to those obtained for cosmetic oils based on synthetic emollients. In addition, it was found that the use of both groups of cosmetic oils based on natural and synthetic emollients leads to an increase in the degree of hydration of the skin and an increase in its oiliness. However, a higher increase in the degree of hydration and a lower decrease in the level of skin lubrication are observed after the application of body oils based on natural emollients.

Engineered poplar for bioproduction of the triterpene squalene.

Building sustainable platforms to produce biofuels and specialty chemicals has become an increasingly important strategy to supplement and replace fossil fuels and petrochemical-derived products. Terpenoids are the most diverse class of natural products that have many commercial roles as specialty chemicals. Poplar is a fast growing, biomassdense bioenergy crop with many species known to produce large amounts of the hemiterpene isoprene, suggesting an inherent capacity to produce significant quantities of other terpenes. Here we aimed to engineer poplar with optimized pathways to produce squalene, a triterpene commonly used in cosmetic oils, a potential biofuel candidate, and the precursor to the further diversified classes of triterpenoids and sterols. The squalene production pathways were either re-targeted from the cytosol to plastids or co-produced with lipid droplets in the cytosol. Squalene and lipid droplet co-production appeared to be toxic, which we hypothesize to be due to disruption of adventitious root formation, suggesting a need for tissue specific production. Plastidial squalene production enabled up to 0.63 mg/g fresh weight in leaf tissue, which also resulted in reductions in isoprene emission and photosynthesis. These results were also studied through a technoeconomic analysis, providing further insight into developing poplar as a production host.

Quality parameters and lipid composition of oil extracted from spent coffee grounds: A promising alternative to vegetable oils used for consumption and cosmetic purposes

AbstractCoffee grounds are the most commonly generated daily waste in the world, raising numerous questions regarding their proper management and their environmental impact. The present study focuses on the physical and chemical characterization of oil extracted from spent coffee grounds (SCG), with the aim of valorizing this by‐product as a potential source for oil production. The results obtained from the analysis of SCG oil were also compared to those of some edible oils (soybean, corn, and sunflower oils) and cosmetic oils (lentisc, sweet almond, and castor oils). The results revealed that spent coffee waste yielded an important amount of oil, specifically 17.19%, as compared to corn (4.31%) and soybean (19.52%) seeds. Regarding the fatty acids composition of SCG oil, eight components were identified, with a high percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids accounting for more than 45% of total fatty acids. The phytosterols composition of SCG oil revealed the presence of seven components, with β‐sitosterol being the predominant one. The tocopherol analysis showed that SCG oil contained only α and β isomers, with β‐tocopherol being the dominant form at over 68%. These findings accentuate the potential of spent coffee waste as a promising alternative for oil production and open up new applications for SCG oil, such as in the food industry, pharmaceutical applications, and cosmetics.Practical Application: Given the significant increase in the demand for vegetable oils, the oil industry has recently begun to explore new plant matrices, particularly those having low costs. SCG are the most commonly generated daily by‐product in the world. The present investigation aims to characterize and valorize the oil extracted from SCG. The obtained results revealed the potential of SCG as a promising alternative for oil production. Consequently, valorizing spent coffee waste as a natural by‐product for oil production can be an ideal solution to address numerous issues related to its proper management and its environmental impact. Hence, the oil industry can promote spent coffee waste, cheapest by‐products, as a promising alternative for oil production. Moreover, the present investigation represents a commendable model of the circular economy since the remaining waste obtained after extracting lipids from the coffee grounds waste can be used as natural fertilizer rich in protein for plant development.

Determination of Rheological and Chemical Properties of Hemp, Rosehip Seed and Safflower Flours

The use of alternative flour in the production of cereal products such as bread can improve the functional and nutritional properties of bread. However, the addition of substitute flour to wheat flour may have some technological, sensory, and rheological disadvantages. To eliminate these problems, the alternative flours should be used in different proportions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the remaining proportions of hemp, safflower and rosehip seeds, which are raw materials of edible and cosmetic oil industry, after oil extraction and to determine their chemical properties (protein, fat, ash) and to investigate the effect on rheological dough properties with Mixolab when used as a substitute for wheat flour. Accordingly, safflower, hemp and rosehip seed flour were added to wheat flour in five different amounts (5, 7.5, 10, 15 and 20%), focusing on displacement. The addition of flour increased protein, fat, ash, phenolic content, and antioxidant capacity. It was found that the addition of 10% safflower and hemp seed flour and 7.5% rosehip seed flour had a positive effect on rheological properties. For all three flour additions, dough development time, stability, and percent protein softening values increased, while water holding capacity decreased. Flours added at 15% or more began to negatively affect rheological properties. This study shows that 3 different flours, which can be added up to 10%, improve the rheological properties, chemically enrich them and improve their functional properties.

Study of the Antimicrobial Properties of Compositions Based on Essential Oils From Eucalyptus and Thuja Plants With White Naphthalan Oil

Cosmetic and medical oils have been widely used in medicine and cosmetology for many years. The main function of medical oils is to be a carrier in medicinal preparations. But in many cases, they perform a therapeutic function at the same time. It should be noted that for obtaining medical and cosmetic oils, low-sulfur and low-paraffin oils are more appropriate. In the context of the conducted research, the antimicrobial activity of various combinations of essential oils obtained from eucalyptus and thuja plants with therapeutic white naphthalan oil taken as a control variant was studied to clarify the effective bactericidal action mechanism. In the preparation of these compositions were prepared with the addition of therapeutic white naphthalan oil as the main component, and in addition, essential oil separated from eucalyptus and thuja plants in the ratio of 1:0,04:0,08:0,1 was analyzed for their antimicrobial effects on 4 microbes (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans). Medicinal and cosmetic products were determined according to the received antimicrobial effective compositions.

Effects of sowing date on photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence and yield of different Echium plantagineum L. cultivars

The seed oil of Echium plantagineum L. is rich in unsaturated fatty acids. With the gradual development of the value of echium oil in food, medical care and cosmetics, the corresponding market demand has also increased. The selection of suitable cultivars and the increase of yield per unit area has also become one of the main objectives of current breeding and cultivation of E. plantagineum. To effectively use the local photothermal resources, to improve the use of light energy by E. plantagineum, and to enhance the growth and yield of E. plantagineum. E. plantagineum cultivars Blue Bedder and Mixed Bedding were used as research subjects to study the effects of different sowing dates (1 May, 8 May, 15 May, 22 May and 29 May) on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of E. plantagineum. Under the same cultivar conditions, with the delay in sowing date, the leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD), photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal limitation value (Ls), photochemical quenching (qP), electron transfer rate (ETR), actual photochemical efficiency (ΦpsII) and yield of Blue Bedder decreased and reached a maximum at T1, while the SPAD, Pn, Tr, water use efficiency (WUE), Ls, initial fluorescence (Fo), maximum fluorescence (Fm), qP, ETR, ΦpsII and yield of Mixed Bedding reached the maximum at T4. Blue Bedder should be sown early at T1 and Mixed Bedding late at T4 during planting, which will help to improve the photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield of E. plantagineum.

Olea europea and By-Products: Extraction Methods and Cosmetic Applications

Currently, in addition to the use of olive oil in cosmetics, the use of olive-derived bioactives and their incorporation into cosmetics is a growing trend. The olive oil industry produces vast quantities of by-products, such as olive mill wastewater, olive pomace and leaves from which new ingredients may be obtained for cosmetic use. In this way, by-products are revalorized, which contributes to the implementation of a sustainable economy or upcycling. This review intends to provide a detailed overview of the different extraction techniques reported in order to obtain the bioactive compounds of cosmetic value that can be found in olive by-products: fatty acids, tocopherols, polyphenols, phytosterols and squalene. Different extraction techniques are presented, including some traditional techniques (solid–liquid extraction) and more novel or “greener” ones: ultrasound, microwave, supercritical extraction, pressurized fluids and deep eutectic solvents. Additionally, different applications of olive by-products in skin care products are explored: emollient, antioxidant, anti-age, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antifungal and antibacterial, and the perspective of consumers is also considered since they increasingly demand products formulated with natural ingredients.

Applying cosmetic oil with added aromatic compounds improves tactile sensitivity and skin properties

Tactile sensitivity generally decreases with aging and is associated with impairments in skin properties. Products that hydrate the skin can combat touch deficits and aromatic compounds have been shown to improve skin mechanical properties. Thus, we tested a base cosmetic oil against a perfumed oil, applied to the skin of females aged 40–60 years, on tactile sensitivity and skin properties after repeated application. Tactile detection thresholds were assessed using calibrated monofilaments applied at the index finger, palm, forearm, and cheek. Spatial discrimination on the finger was assessed using pairs of plates with different inter-band spaces. These tests were performed before and after 1 month of base or perfumed oil use. We found that tactile detection thresholds and spatial discrimination improved only in perfumed oil group. A complementary immunohistological study using human skin was conducted to estimate the expression of olfactory receptor OR2A4 and elastic fiber length. Further, the expression of OR2A4 intensity and the length of elastic fibers increased significantly with oil application, where larger effects were seen with the perfumed oil. We conclude that the application of a perfumed oil may be of additional benefit and could repair, and even prevent, tactile decline with aging by ameliorating skin condition.

Evaluation of yield and fatty acid composition of seed oils from cactus varieties resistant to Dactylopius opuntiae (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae) in Morocco

The Cactus Opuntia spp. plant is important to Morocco's arid and semi-arid regions. The edible and cosmetic oil from prickly pear fruit seeds is very prized. Since Dactylopius Opuntiae first appeared in Morocco in 2014, hundreds of hectares of cactus have been devastated, causing environmental and socio-economic costs. Eight D. Opuntiae resistant varieties were selected, multiplied and transplanted throughout Morocco, as part of the government's nationwide cactus rehabilitation program. This research evaluated the production and fatty acid composition of the seed oil of these varieties. Oil extraction was carried out with the Soxhlet method using hexane and by mechanical screw press. The crude seed oil content obtained by hexane extraction ranged from 9.54% to 16.44% (w/w). Mechanical screw extraction recovered half the seeds' oil. The fatty acid profiles showed that the oils were highly unsaturated; UFA fraction represented 76.31 to 82.63% of total FA and UFA/SFA ratio of 3.48 to 5.36. Linoleic acid was the dominant and represented 61.50% to 68.35% of total FA. These results highlight the importance of cochineal-resistant cactus varieties as oil sources and alternatives to those destroyed and still threatened by the harmful scale pest that appeared in more than 20 countries.

Applications of Fish Oil in Cosmetics and Therapy

Applications of Fish Oil in Cosmetics and Therapy

Concentration control and air purification of the working area from hydrocyanic acid vapors in the production of oils from fruit kernels

Complex processing of fruits (apricot and plum) and development of technology for obtaining cosmetic and edible oils by cold pressing of kernels is an urgent task of modern science. Fruit kernels contain 35-50% fat, the extraction of which will expand the range of food and cosmetic oils. In this work, apricots with a content of up to 8.8% amygdalin during the decay, which form vapors of hydrocyanic acid, as well as plums with a content of 8% amygdalin, were studied. The paper determined the concentration of hydrocyanic acid vapors in the air of the working area when using a screw press, as well as the concentration of hydrocyanic acid vapors in the air of the working area when using a hydraulic press. A device for filtering and purifying air from hydrocyanic acid vapors is proposed, as well as a technological scheme for cleaning the air of a production workshop from hydrocyanic acid vapors in the production of oils from fruit kernels, a potentiometric method has been developed. A method for determining the concentration of hydrocyanic acid in the air is proposed. The results of the analysis of the air of the production workshop for the concentration of hydrocyanic acid vapors in the production of oils from fruit kernels of InnovTechProduct LLP showed that the proposed filters in the production of oils from fruit kernels provide a concentration of hydrocyanic acid vapors below the MPC requirements. Keywords: Fruit seeds, oil, production, work area, hydrocyanic acid, purification, concentration control. &nbsp

Organogel of Acai Oil in Cosmetics: Microstructure, Stability, Rheology and Mechanical Properties.

Organogel (OG) is a semi-solid material composed of gelling molecules organized in the presence of an appropriate organic solvent, through physical or chemical interactions, in a continuous net. This investigation aimed at preparing and characterizing an organogel from acai oil with hyaluronic acid (HA) structured by 12-hydroxystearic acid (12-HSA), aiming at topical anti-aging application. Organogels containing or not containing HA were analyzed by Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy, polarized light optical microscopy, thermal analysis, texture analysis, rheology, HA quantification and oxidative stability. The organogel containing hyaluronic acid (OG + HA) has a spherulitic texture morphology with a net-like structure and absorption bands that evidenced the presence of HA in the three-dimensional net of organogel. The thermal analysis confirmed the gelation and the insertion of HA, as well as a good thermal stability, which is also confirmed by the study of oxidative stability carried out under different temperature conditions for 90 days. The texture and rheology studies indicated a viscoelastic behavior. HA quantification shows the efficiency of the HA cross-linking process in the three-dimensional net of organogel with 11.22 µg/mL for cross-linked HA. Thus, it is concluded that OG + HA shows potentially promising physicochemical characteristics for the development of a cosmetic system.

Current Trends for Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) Crops and Products with Emphasis on Essential Oil Quality

Lavender is in the research spotlight due to its increasing economic importance, while market demand is expected to continue to grow. Among the hundreds of essential-oil-bearing plants, Lavandula angustifolia Mill. remains one of the most valuable. This paper explores the lavender chain timeline from crop to products, examining the expanding knowledge on the characteristics, phytochemical profile and functional potential of lavender that could lead to new products and uses. Lavender crops can be expanded without competing for productive land, instead using marginal, contaminated or unproductive land. A novel cultivation trend proposes leveraging agri-background biodiversity, arbuscular mycorrhiza and the natural enemies of pests for healthy crops. Together with breeding efforts targeting highly performant genotypes with complex volatile profiles coupled with resistance to specific biotic (particularly Phytoplasma) and abiotic (salt, heavy metals) stressors, industry could have a steady supply of high-quality raw material. Besides the expansion of the uses of essential oil in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, food and environmental and agri-applications, novel channels have appeared for the use of the solid by-product, which is rich in polyphenols and polysaccharides; these channels have the potential to create additional streams of value. The stabilization and optimization of techno-functional delivery systems through the encapsulation of essential oil can extend shelf-life and enhance biological activity efficiency.

Bleaching of crude marula oil using activated bentonite and activated marula shells: A comparative analysis

Refining of edible and cosmetic oil consists of various steps which include bleaching process. Bleaching is an important step as it removes colour pigments resulting in improvement of taste of oil and appearance. In this work, activated bentonite and activated marula shells were used to refine crude marula oil. Fresh bentonite was activated using H2SO4 whilst marula shells were activated using both H2SO4 and KOH. Vacuum bleaching of crude marula oil was performed using both the activated bentonite and activated marula shells. Fresh, activated, spent bentonites and marula shells were analysed using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray Florescence (XRF), Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) for phase identification, elemental composition of crystalline material, functional groups present and thermal decomposition of the materials. Analysis of β-carotene and chlorophyll was done using UV–visible spectrophotometer on bleached and crude marula oils. Acid values (AV) and free fatty acids (FFA) values in the oil were calculated using standard procedures. The effects of acid activation parameters were investigated namely, acid concentration and activation time. Acid and alkali activation improved the adsorption properties of fresh bentonite and fresh marula to remove colour pigments. Increase in acid concentration and activation time resulted in increase in bleaching capacity of adsorbent. Optimum acid concentrations for activation were 2 N and 15 N for bentonite and marula shells respectively and optimum activation times were 7 and 1.5 h for bentonite and marula shells respectively. The study indicated that activated bentonite and activated marula shells are effective and were successful in improving the appearance of crude marula oil to the required quality standards. Marula shells are a by-product waste in cosmetic oil processing and its use assists in waste utilization in-line with circular economy principles.

Dano Active AD Oil Flummox Drug Resistance Instinct in Certain Strains of Pityrosporum Ovale

The present study describes the new rulebook in dealing dandruff where targeting the resistant isolates of Pityrosporum ovale and also preventing / delaying the process of the strains acquiring such defense mechanism. We have established a total herbal formulation, a Siddha cosmetic oil preparation having the dual effect in neutralizing the drug resistant strains causing dandruff as well as hindering the process of drug resistance or such adaptation in the strain. The entry of an array of antidandruff preparations just for the commercial endpoint only had made the lazy, commensal, lipophilic and highly fastidious yeast like fungi – Pityrosporum ovale to become resistant or adapt to deal various non-drug antidandruff agents like Zinc pyrithione, Climbazole, Octopirox etc. We have established how the herbal armamentarium in Dano active AD oil could achieve the above benefit through a well-designed scientific experiment and details are presented in the article. Keywords: Dandruff, AD oil, Dano, P.ovale, drug resistance, anti-fungal